Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

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THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS

[*] 1190. The nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic, e.g. in contrasts, whether expressed or implied: ἐπεὶ ὑ_μεῖς ἐμοὶ οὐ θέλετε πείθεσθαι, ἐγω σὺν ὑ_μῖν ἕψομαι since you are not willing to obey me, I will follow along with you X. A. 1.3.6. In contrasts the first pronoun is sometimes omitted (930).

[*] 1191. Where there is no contrast the addition of the pronoun may strengthen the verb: ““εἰ μηδὲ τοῦτο βούλει ἀποκρί_νασθαι, σὺ δὲ τοὐντεῦθεν λέγε” if you do not wish to reply even to this, tell me then” X. C. 5.5.21.

[*] 1192. The forms ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, and ἐμέ and the accented forms of the pronoun of the second person (325 a) are used when emphatic and usually after prepositions: ““καὶ πείσα_ς ἐμὲ πιστὰ ἔδωκάς μοι καὶ ἔλαβες παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ” and after prevailing on me you gave me pledges of faith and received them from me” X. A. 1.6.7. Cp. 187 N. 2. On the reflexive use of the personal pronouns of the first and second persons, see 1222-1224.

[*] 1193. ἐγώ, σύ (ἐμός, σός) are rarely used of an imaginary person (‘anybody’): D. 9.17, X. R. A. 1.11.

[*] 1194. The nominative of the pronoun of the third person is replaced by ἐκεῖνος (of absent persons), ὅδε, οὗτος (of present persons), ὁ μέν . . . ὁ δέ (at the beginning of a sentence), and by αὐτός in contrasts. The oblique cases of the foregoing replace οὗ, etc., which in Attic prose are usually indirect reflexives (1228, 1229). οὗ and ἕ in Attic prose occur chiefly in poetical passages of Plato; in Attic poetry they are personal pronouns. The pronoun of the third person is very rare in the orators.

[*] 1195. Homer uses ἕο, οἷ, etc., as personal pronouns ( = αὐτοῦ, αὐτῷ, etc., in Attic), in which case they are enclitic: διὰ μαντοσύνην, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος by the art of divination, which Phoebus gave to him A 72. Homer also uses ἕο, οἷ, etc., either as direct ( = ἑαυτοῦ, etc., 1218) or as indirect reflexives ( = αὐτοῦ, etc., 1225). In the former case they are orthotone; in the latter, either enclitic or orthotone. Thus, οί̂ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο he begat a son like unto himself E 800, οὔ τινά φησιν ὁμοῖον οἶ ἔμεναι Δαναῶν he says there is no one of the Danaans like unto himself I 306. Hdt. agrees with Hom. except that εὗ, οἷ are not direct reflexives and orthotone; σφίσι (not σφί) is reflexive.