Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges, chapter 1174

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[*] 1174. πᾶς (and in the strengthened forms ἅπα_ς, σύμπα_ς all together). a. In the attributive position πᾶς denotes the whole regarded as the sum of all its parts (the sum total, the collective body): οἱ πάντες πολῖται the whole body of citizens, ἡ πᾶσα Σικελία_ the whole of Sicily, ““ἀποκτεῖναι τοὺς ἅπαντας Μυτιληναίους” to put to death the entire Mitylenean population” T. 3.36.

b. In the predicate (and usual) position πᾶς means all: πάντες οἱ πολῖται or (often emphatic) οἱ πολῖται πάντες all the citizens (individually), ““περὶ πάντας τοὺς θεοὺς ἠσεβήκα_σι καὶ εἰς ἅπα_σαν τὴν πόλιν ἡμαρτήκα_σιν” they have committed impiety towards all the gods and have sinned against the whole State” L. 14.42.

c. Without the article: πάντες πολῖται all (conceivable) citizens, ““μισθωσάμενοι πάντας ἀνθρώπους” hiring every conceivable person” L. 12.60.

N. 1.—In the meaning pure, nothing but, πᾶς is strictly a predicate and has no article: κύκλῳ φρουρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων πολεμίων hemmed in by a ring of guards all of whom are his enemies ( = πάντες ὑφ᾽ ὧν φρουρεῖται πολέμιοί εἰσι) P. R. 579b. So πᾶσα κακία_ utter baseness.

N. 2.—The article is not used with πᾶς if the noun, standing alone, would have no article.

N. 3.—In the singular, πᾶς often means every: ““σὺν σοὶ πᾶσα ὁδὸς εὔπορος” with you every road is easy to travel” X. A. 2.5.9, ““πᾶσα θάλασσα” every sea” T. 2.41.

American Book Company, 1920.

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Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges