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part:
chapter:
DEFINITIONS
SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
KINDS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES
EXPANSION OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
AGREEMENT: THE CONCORDS
THE SUBJECT
OMISSION OF THE SUBJECT
CASE OF THE SUBJECT: THE NOMINATIVE
THE PREDICATE
CONCORD OF SUBJECT AND PREDICATE
PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF NUMBER
PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF GENDER
PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF PERSON
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
THE ARTICLE
—
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
PRONOUNS
THE CASES
PREPOSITIONS
THE VERB: VOICES
VERBAL NOUNS
THE PARTICIPLE
VERBAL ADJECTIVES IN
-τέος
SUMMARY OF THE FORMS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES
COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES: COÖRDINATION AND SUBORDINATION
SYNTAX OF THE COMPOUND SENTENCE
SYNTAX OF THE COMPLEX SENTENCE
CLASSES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
ADVERBIAL COMPLEX SENTENCES
(
2193
-
2487
)
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(
RELATIVE CLAUSES:
2488-
2573
)
DEPENDENT SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES
(
2574
-
2635
)
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (QUESTIONS)
INDIRECT (DEPENDENT) QUESTIONS
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
PARTICLES
SOME GRAMMATICAL AND RHETORICAL FIGURES
section:
PURPOSE CLAUSES
(
FINAL CLAUSES
)
OBJECT CLAUSES
CAUSAL CLAUSES
RESULT CLAUSES (CONSECUTIVE CLAUSES)
ὥστε
(RARELY
ὡς
) WITH THE INFINITIVE
ὥστε
(
ὡς
) WITH A FINITE VERB
CLAUSES WITH
ἐφ᾽ ᾧ
AND
ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε
INTRODUCING A PROVISO
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
CONCESSIVE CLAUSES
TEMPORAL CLAUSES
CLAUSES OF COMPARISON
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[*] 2201. ὅπως with the subjunctive sometimes takes ἄν in positive clauses. ““τοῦτ᾽ αὐτὸ νῦν δίδασχ᾽, ὅπως ἂν ἐκμάθω” tell me now this very thing, that I may learn” S. O. C. 575, ““ἄξεις ἡμᾶς ὅπως ἂν εἰδῶμεν” you will guide us in order that we may know” X. C. 5.2.21. a. ὡς and ὄφρα with ἄν or κέ occur in poetry, especially in Homer. ὡς ἄν (first in Aeschylus) is very rare in Attic prose, but occurs eight times in Xenophon; as ““ὡς δ᾽ ἂν μάθῃς . . ., ἀντάκουσον” but that you may learn, hear me in turn” X. A. 2.5.16. This use must not be confused with ὡς ἄν in conditional relative clauses (2565).—ὅπως ἄν is more common than simple ὅπως in Aristophanes and Plato, far less common in Xenophon. It is regular in official and legal language. —ἵνα ἄν is not final, but local (wherever, 2567). The original meaning of ἵνα was local and denoted the end to be reached. b. ἄν (κέ) does not appreciably affect the meaning. Originally these particles seem to have had a limiting and conditional force (1762): ὡς ἄν in whatever way, that so (cp. so = in order that so) as in “Teach me to die that so I may Rise glorious at the awful day” (Bishop Ken), and cp. ὡς with ὅτῳ τρόπῳ in ““ἱ_κόμην τὸ Πυ_θικὸν μαντεῖον, ὡς μάθοιμ᾽ ὅτῳ τρόπῳ πατρὶ δίκα_ς ἀροίμην” I came to the Pythian shrine that I might learn in what way I might avenge my father” S. El. 33. With ὅπως ἄν cp. ἐά_ν πως. Both ὅπως and ὡς were originally relative adverbs denoting manner (how, cp. 2578), but when they became conjunctions (in order that), their limitation by ἄν ceased to be felt.
American Book Company, 1920.
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