I. with Verbs implying Motion, upwards, “ἄ. ὤθεσκε ποτὶ λόφον” Od.11.596; ἄ. ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἀναπλεῖν up stream, Hdt.2.155; “ἄ. ποταμῶν χωροῦσι παγαί” E.Med.410 (lyr.), hence "ἄ. ποταμῶν", proverbial, D.19.287, etc.; “κόνις δ᾽ ἄ. φορεῖτο” S. El.714; “κονιορτὸς ἄ. ἐχώρει” Th.4.34; ἡ ἄ. ὁδός the upward road, Pl. R.621c; ἄ. ἰόντι going up the country (i.e. inland, v. infr. 11.1f), Hdt.2.8; ἄ. κάτω, v. infr. 11.2; πέμπειν ἄ., i.e. from the nether world, A.Pers.645 (lyr.), cf. Ch.147; “σύριγγες ἄ. φυσῶσιμέλαν μένος” S. Aj.1412 (lyr.).
b. on earth, opp. the world below, “νέρθε κἀπὶ γῆς ἄ.” S.OT416; “ἡνίκ᾽ ἦσθ᾽ ἄ.” Id.El.1167; “ἄ. βλέπειν” Id.Ph.1348; “ἄ. ἐπὶ [τῆς] γῆς” Pl.Phd.109c; οἱ ἄ. the living, opp. οἱ κάτω the dead, S.Ant.1068, cf. Ph.1348, etc.; τὰ ἄ. πράγματα the world above, Luc.Cont.1.
c. in heaven, opp. earth, οἱ ἄ. θεοί the gods above, S.Ant.1072; “κῆρυξ τῶν ἄ. τε καὶ κάτω” A.Ch.124: esp. in NT, “ἐκ τῶν ἄ. εἰμί” Ev.Jo.8.23; “ἡ ἄ. Ἱερουσαλήμ” Ep.Gal.4.26; “ἡ ἄ. κλῆσις” Ep.Phil.3.14.
d. generally, of relative position, ὁ δῆμος ἄ. καθῆτο in the upper quarter of the city, i.e. the Pnyx, D.18.169; ἡ ἄ. βουλή, i.e. the Areopagus, Plu.Sol.19; βαλλόμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν ἄ. by those above on the roofs, Th.4.48; “τὰ ἄ.” X.An.4.3.25; τὰ ἄ. τῆς οἰκίας, opp. θεμέλια, Id.Eq.1.2; “οἱ ἄ. τόποι” OGI111.17.
e. geographically, on the upper side, i.e. on the north, “ἄ. πρὸς βορέην” Hdt.1.72; οὔτε τὰ ἄ. χωρία οὔτε τὰ κάτω [οὔτε τὰ πρὸς τὴν ἠῶ οὔτε τὰ πρὸς τὴν ἑσπέρην] Id.1.142; “ὁ ἄ. τόπος” Pl.R.435e.
f. inward from the coast, “ἡ ἄ. Ἀσίη” Hdt.1.95; τὰ ἄ. τῆς Ἀσίης ib.177; ἡ ἄ. ὁδός the upper or inland road, Id.7.128, X.An.3.1.8; ἡ ἄ. πόλις, opp. the Piraeus, Th.2.48; in full, οἱ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄ. ib.83; “ἡ ἄ. Μακεδονία” Plu.Pyrrh.11; ὁ ἄ. βασιλεύς the king of the upper country, i.e. of Persia, X.An.7.1.28.
h. in the body, τὰ ἄ. the upper parts, opp. τὸ κάτω, Arist.GA741b28, al.; “ἡ ἄ. κοιλία” Id.Mete.360b23.
i. of Time, formerly, of old, εἰς τὸ ἄ. reckoning upwards or backwards, of generations, Pl.Tht.175b; οἱ ἄ. men of olden time, Id.Criti.110b; “οἱ ἄ. τοῦ γένους” Id.Lg.878a; αἱ ἄ. μητρός the mother's lineal ancestors, Id.R.461c, cf. infr. c; “ἐν τοῖς ἄ. χρόνοις” D.18.310.
k. above, in referring to a passage, Pl.Grg. 508e; “ἐν τοῖς ἄ. λόγοις” R.603d, cf. Arist.Rh.1412b33, etc.
n. higher, more general, of κατηγορίαι, Arist.AP0.82a23.
2. ἄ. καὶ κάτω up and down, to and fro, “εἷρπ᾽ ἄ. τε καὶ κάτω” E.HF953; “ἄ. καὶ κ. φεύγειν” Ar.Ach.21; “ἄ. τε καὶ κ. κυκᾶν” Id.Eq.866; “περιπατεῖν ἄ. κ.” Id.Lys. 709.
b. upside-down, topsy-turvy, “τὰ μὲν ἄ. κ. θήσω, τὰ δὲ κ. ἄ.” Hdt.3.3; “πάντ᾽ ἄ. τε καὶ κ. στρέφων τίθησιν” A.Eu.650; “τρέπουσα τύρβ᾽ ἄ. κ.” Id.Fr.311, cf. Ar.Av.3; “ἄ. κ. συγχεῖν” E.Ba.349; “ἄ. καὶ κ. ποιεῖν τὰ πράγματα” D.9.36; “τοὺς νόμους στρέφειν” 21.19; “πόλλ᾽ ἄ., τὰ δ᾽ αὖ κ. κυλίνδοντ᾽ ἐλπίδες” Pi.O.12.6; “πολλάκις ἐμαυτὸν ἄ. κ. μετέβαλλον” backwards and forwards, Pl.Phd.96a, cf. Prt.356d.
B. as Prep. with gen., above, “ἡ ἄ. Ἅλυος Ἀσίη” Hdt.1.130, cf. 103, Call.Jov.24; αἱ ἄ. μητρός (v. supr. 11.1 i); ἄ. τοῦ γόνατος above the knee, Thphr.Char.4.4; “ἀπὸ ἄ. τῆς χθονὸς ταύτης” LXX 3 Ki.14.15.
2. with partitive gen., αἰθέρος ἄ. ἑλεῖν dub. in S.Ph.1092, cf. E.Or.1542; “γῆς ἥκοντ᾽ ἄ.” Id.HF616; “μικρὸν προαγαγὼν ἄ. τῶν πραγμάτων” Aeschin.2.34.
C. Comp. ἀνωτέρω, abs., higher, “ἀ. θακῶν . . Ζεύς” A.Pr.314; ἀ. οὐδὲν τῶ<*> πρηγμάτων προκοπτομένων not getting on any farther, Hdt. 1.190; “ἀδελφῷ ἢ πατρὶ ἢ ἔτι ἀ.” Pl.Lg.880b; “οὐ προήϊσαν ἀ. τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέρης” Hdt.8.130.
2. c. gen., ἀ. Σάμου ib.132; “ἀ. γίγνεσθαί τινων” X.An.4.2.25; ἀ. τῶν μαστῶν above them, ib.1.4.17; later “ἀνώτερον” Plb.1.7.2, etc.; cf. ἀνώτερος.
II. Sup. ἀνωτάτω, ἐς τοὺς ἀ. (sc. στάντας) Hdt.7.23; “ἡ ἀ. κώμη” X.An.7.4.11; “ἀνῳκίσανθ᾽ ὅπως ἀ.” Ar.Pax207; ἡ ἀ. ἄσκησις the highest, Arr.Epict.3.24.84, cf. Ph.1.33, al.; “τὰ ἀ. τῶν γενῶν” Arist.Metaph.998b18, cf. Zeno Stoic.1.51, S.E.P. 1.138; “τὰ ἀ. τρία” Ph.1.321; ἡ ἀ. διαίρεσις Ps.-Alex.Aphr.in SE20.27.
