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ἀνάγκη , Ion. and Ep. ἀναγκαίη , ἡ,
A.force, constraint, necessity, “κρατερὴ δ᾽ ἐπικείσετ᾽ ἀ.” Il.6.458; ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει ib.85; “ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν” 4.300; “τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν;” 5.633; οἷσιν ἀ. (sc. φυλάσσειν) 10.418, al.: but in Hom. usu. in dat. as Adv., ἀνάγκῃ perforce, of necessity, “ἀείδειν” Od.1.154; “φεύγειν” Il.11.150: in act. sense, forcibly, by force, ἴσχειν, ἄγειν, Od.4.557, 22.353; “μνήσασθαι” 7.217: strengthd. by καί, 10.434; “ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης” 19.156; opp. ἑκόντες, Pl.Phdr.231a; “ὑπ᾽ ἀναγκαίης” Hdt.7.172, al.; “ἐξ ἀνάγκης” S.Ph.73, Th.3.40, etc.; “δι᾽ ἀνάγκης” Pl.Ti.47e; “σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ” Pi.P.1.51; “πρὸς ἀνάγκαν” A.Pers.569 codd. (lyr.), cf. Epict.Ench.29.2; “κατ᾽ ἀνάγκην” X.Cyr.4.3.7: ἀνάγκη ἐστί, c. inf., it must be that . . , is necessary that . . , cf. Il. supr. cit.; “πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι” Hdt.2.22; τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ. ib.35: c. dat. pers., “ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν” A.Pr.16, cf. Pers.293:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, πολλή γ᾽ ἀνάγκη, πολλή᾽ στ᾽ ἀνάγκη, or πολλή μ᾽ ἀνάγκη, with which an inf. may always be supplied, E.Med.1013, Hec.396, S.Tr.295; so “πᾶσ᾽ ἀνάγκη” El.1497, cf. Pl.R.441d; ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί] ib.485e, Is.3.6, D.28.9; “ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί” Lys.6.8: later ἀνάγκην ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Luc. 14.18.
2. necessity in the philosophical sense, Arist.APo.94b37, Metaph.1026b28, Ph.199b34; logical necessity, Metaph.1064b33: in pl., laws of nature, “τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων” X. Mem.1.1.11, cf. Hp.Aër.21.
b. natural need, “γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις” A.Ag.726, cf. Ar.Nu.1075, X.Cyn.7.1; “ὑπ᾽ ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου” Pl.R.458d; ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ. ib., etc.
c. ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου the lie of the ground as a necessary condition, PLille4.14.
d. ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι, fate, destiny, E.Ph.1000, 1763: freq. personified in Poets, Parm.8.30, Emp.116, A.Pr.105, S.Fr.256; “Ἀνάγκᾳ δ᾽ οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται” Simon.5.21.
3. compulsion exerted by a superior, ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι, X.Hier.9.4, Lac.10.7.
b. violence, punishment, esp. of torture, mostly pl., “ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαι” Hdt.1.116, cf. Antipho 6.25, Herod.5.5; “προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας” Th.1.99; τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instruments of torture, Plb.15.28.2: later in sg., “ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνων” Plu.2.305e; “πρὸς ἀνάγκην” under torture, Id.Publ.17: metaph., Hp.de Arte13; δολοποιὸς ἀ., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, S.Tr.832; “βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις” Xenarch.1.9.
c. duress, 'force majeure', “ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες” Democr.239; stress of circumstances, “ἀκούσιοι ἀ.” Th.3.82.
d. treatment by mechanical force, “τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν” Hp.Fract.15, cf. Art.73.
4. bodily pain, anguish, “κατ᾽ ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν” painfully, S.Ph.206 (lyr.); ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης βοᾶν ib.215; “ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι” E.Ba.89 (lyr.): generally, distress, “ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν” Simon.226; freq. in LXX, Jb.15.24, al.; “ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀ.” 1 Ep.Cor.7.26: esp. in pl., IG12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), D.S.4.43, 2 Ep.Cor.6.4, etc.
II. tie of blood, kindred, Lys.32.5.
III. = ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα, Hsch.
Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by. Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940.

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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (60):
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