A.“ἐλάσοντας” X.An.7.7.55 codd., cf.D.H.2.36, (ἐξ-) Hp.Loc.Hom.46, Nat.Mul.32 (ἐλάσσω （παρ-) is f.l. in Il.23.427, and ξυνελάσσομεν is subj. in Od.18.39); “ἐλάω” A.R.3.411; Att. ἐλῶ, ᾷς, ᾷ, inf. ἐλᾶν, also Hdt.1.207, etc., and so Hom. in the resolved form “ἐλόω” Il.13.315, Od.7.319: inf. ἐλάαν (though this is also inf. pres., v. infr.) Il.17.496, Od.5.290: aor. 1 ἤλα^σα, Ep. “ἔλα^σα” Il.5.80, “ἔλασσα” 18.564, Ion. 3sg. “ἐλάσασκεν” 2.199: pf. ἐλήλα^κα （ἀπ-, ἐξ-) X.Cyr.4.2.10, Ar.Nu.828: plpf. ἐληλάκειν （ἐξ-) Hdt.5.90:— Med. (v. infr. 1.2), fut. ἐλάσομαι （παρ-) dub. l. in Arr.An.3.30.3: aor. “ἠλασάμην” Il.11.682, rare in Att., as Pl.Grg.484b; 3sg. “ἤλσατο” Ibyc.55; Ep. ἐλάσαιο, -ασαίατο, -ασσάμενος, Od.20.51, Il.10.537, Od.4.637:—Pass., fut. ἐλασθήσομαι （ἐξ-) D.H.4.9: aor. ἠλάθην [α^] E.Heracl.430, Ar.Ec.4; later “ἠλάσθην” AP7.278 (Arch.), Sammelb.997 (iv A.D.), (ἐξ-, συν-) Plb.8.24.9, 18.22.6, etc. (in Hdt. the Mss. vary between the two forms, “ἐξελαθείς” 7.165, “ἀπηλάσθησαν” 3.54): pf. “ἐλήλαμαι” Od.7.113, Hdt.7.84 (ἐξ-), etc.; “ἐλήλασμαι” Hp.Mul. 2.133, Aen.Tact.31.4 (prob.), (ἐξ-) Plb.6.22.4, (συν-) A.D.Conj.233.30: plpf. “ἠλήλατο” Il.5.400; poet. also “ἐλήλατο” 4.135; 3pl. “ἠλήλαντο” Hes.Sc.143, also ἐληλέδατ᾽, ἐληλέατ᾽, ἐληλάδατ᾽ vv.ll. in Od.7.86.— The pres. ἐλάω is rare and mainly Poet., imper. “ἔλα” Pi.I.5(4).38, A.Fr. 332, E.HF819, Fr.779.1 (also non-thematic 3pl. “ἐλάντω” SIG1025.8 (Cos)): inf. “ἐλᾶν” Canthar.4, X.HG2.4.32: inf. ἐλάαν as Ep.inf.pres. is freq. in Hom. (v. infr.1.2): part. “ἐλάουσα” Emp.4.5: impf. 3pl. “ἔλων” Od.4.2, 3sg. “ἔλαεν” A.R.3.872; “ἀπ-έλα” X.Cyr.8.3.32; but ἀπ-ήλαον in Ar.Lys.1001 is prob. an error for -ήλα᾽αν, Dor. for -ήλασαν:—radic. sense, drive, set in motion, of driving flocks, “εἰς εὐρὺ σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα” Od.9.237; “κακοὺς δ᾽ ἐς μέσσον ἔλασσεν” Il.4.299; aor. Med. ἠλασάμην in act. sense, 10.537, 11.682: freq. of horses, chariots, ships, drive, ἐλάαν (inf. pres.) “ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους” 23.334; “ἐς τὴν ἀγορὴν τὸ ζεῦγος” Hdt. 1.59; ἐ. ἵππον ride it, Id.4.64, al.; κέλητας καὶ ἅρματα ἐ. ride and drive, Id.7.86; ἐ. νῆα row it, Od.12.109, etc.; στρατὸν ἐ. Pi.O.10(11).66, Hdt. 1.176, 4.91, etc.
b. with acc. omitted, intr., go in a chariot, drive, μάστιξεν δ᾽ ἐλάαν (sc. ἵππους) he whipped them on, Il.5.366, al., cf. S.El.734,739; βῆ δ᾽ ἐλάαν ἐπὶ κύματα he drove on over the waves, Il. 13.27; διὰ νύκτα ἐλάαν travel the night through, Od.15.50; ἐς τὸ ἄστυ ἐ. drive into the city, Hdt.1.60; ἐπὶ ζευγέων ἐ. ib.199; ride, Id.7.88, X.Eq.Mag.3.9, etc.; ἐλῶν ἐς Θρηΐκην marching . ., Hdt.9.89, etc.; row, “μάλα σφοδρῶς ἐλάαν” Od.12.124; ἐλαύνοντες rowers, 13.22, etc.
c. in this intr. sense, it sts. took an acc. loci, γαλήνην ἐλαύνειν to sail the calm sea, i.e. over it, 7.319; so τὰ ἕσπερα νῶτ᾽ ἐ. E.El. 731 (lyr.); also ἐλαύνειν δρόμον run a course, Ar.Nu.28; “ὁδόν” D.P. 586.
d. Pass., [νηῦς] ἐλαυνομένη a ship under way, Od.13.155 (but “πλοῖα ὑπὸ σκληρῶν ἀνέμων ἐλαυνόμενα” Ep.Jac.3.4); τὰ κατάντη ἐλαύνεσθαι, of horses, to be ridden on steep ground, X.Eq.Mag.8.3.
2. drive away, carry off, in Hom. of stolen cattle or horses, “βοῶν ἀρίστας” Od.12.353; “ἵππους” Il.5.236; “ἐ. ὅ τι δύναιντο” X.HG4.8.18:—Med., Od.4.637, 20.51; “ῥύσι᾽ ἐλαυνόμενος” Il.11.674, etc.
3. drive away, expel, “ἐ. [τινὰ] ἐκ δήμου” 6.158; “ἄνδρας ἀπ᾽ Οἰνώνας” Pi.N.5.16: freq. in Trag., “ἐ. τινὰ γῆς” E.Med.70; μύσος, μίασμα ἐ., A.Ch.967 codd., Eu. 283 (Pass.), cf. S.OT98; ἄγος ἐ.,= ἀγηλατέω, Th.1.126; “ἐ. λῃστάς” Ar.Ach.1188, etc.:—Pass., “γῆν πρὸ γῆς ἐλαύνομαι” A.Pr.682.
4. drive (to extremities), persecute, plague, οἵ μιν ἄδην ἐλόωσι . . πολέμοιο who will harass him till he has had enough of war, Il.13.315; ἔτι μέν μίν φημι ἄδην λάαν κακότητος I think I shall persecute him till he has had enough, Od.5.290; “θεὸς ἐλαύνει πόλιν” S.OT28; “Ἰωνίαν ἤλασεν βίᾳ” A.Pers.771; “μή τι δαιμόνιον τὰ πράγματα ἐλαύνῃ” D.9.54; “σὺ δ᾽ ἀπειλεῖς πᾶσιν, ἐλαύνεις πάντας” Id.21.135, cf. 173:—Pass., “ἐλαυνομένων καὶ ὑβριζομένων” Id.18.48; “λύπῃ πᾶς ἐλήλαται κακῇ” S.Aj.275; “κακοῖς πρός τινος” E.Andr.31; “ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης καὶ οἴστρου” Pl.Phdr.240d; “τὴν ψυχὴν ἐρωτικῇ μανίᾳ” Ael.NA14.18; ἐλαύνεσθαι τὴν γνώμην to be out of one's mind, Philostr.VS2.27.5.
6. intr. in expressions like ἐς τοσοῦτον ἤλασαν they drove it so far (where πρᾶγμα must be supplied), Hdt.5.50; “ἐς πᾶσαν κακότητα” Id.2.124; εἰς κόρον ἐλαύνειν push matters till disgust ensued, Tyrt.11.10; εἰς ἴσον (sc. τισί) Onos.Praef.4: hence, push on, go on, “ἐγγὺς μανιῶν” E.Heracl.904 (lyr.); ἔξω τοῦ φρονεῖν Id.*ba.853; πόρρω ἐ. σοφίας go far in . ., Pl.Euthphr.4b, cf. Grg.486a, X.Cyr.1.6.39.
2. strike with a weapon, but never with a missile, “τὸν σκήπτρῳ ἐλάσασκεν” Il.2.199; “ξίφει ἤλασε κόρσην” 5.584; “κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν” 13.614; ὀδόντας ἐ. knock out, A.R.2.785: c. dupl. acc., τὸν μὲν . . μεταδρομάδην ἔλασ᾽ ὦμον him he struck on . ., Il. 5.80; χθόνα δ᾽ ἤλασε παντὶ μετώπῳ struck earth with his forehead, of a falling man, Od.22.94: c. acc. cogn., inflict a wound, “οὐλὴν τήν ποτέ με σῦς ἤλασε” 21.219:—Pass., c. acc. “νῶτον ὄπισθ᾽ αἰχμῇ δουρὸς ἐληλαμένος” Tyrt.11.20; “ἐλαύνεται εἰς τὸν μηρόν” Luc.Tox.61.
3. strike one thing against another, “πρὸς γῆν ἐ. κάρη” Od.17.237; of weapons, drive through, “διαπρὸ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε” 22.295; [“δόρυ] διὰ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσε” Il.5.57, cf. 20.269; “ἤλασε Λυγκέος ἐν πλευραῖσι χαλκόν” Pi.N.10.70:—Pass., go through, Il.4.135, 13.595; to be fixed in, “ὀϊστὸς ὤμῳ ἐνὶ στιβαρῷ ἠλήλατο” 5.400; “διὰ [σφονδύλου] διαμπερὲς ἐληλάσθαι” Pl.R.616e.
III. metaph.,
1. beat out metal, forge, “ἀσπίδα . . ἣν ἄρα χαλκεὺς ἤλασεν” Il.12.296; πέντε πτύχας ἤλασε beat out five plates, 20.270; περὶ δ᾽ ἕρκος ἔλασσε κασσιτέρου make a fence of beaten tin (with a play on signf. 2), 18.564; εὐνὴ Ἡφαίστου χερσὶν ἐληλαμένη χρυσοῦ a bed of beaten gold, Mimn.12.6; σίδηρος λεπτῶς ἐληλ. Plu.Cam.41.
2. draw a line of wall, trench, etc., “ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον ἤλασαν” Il.7.450; “ἀμφὶ δὲ τεῖχος ἔλασσε πόλει” Od.6.9; “σταυροὺς δ᾽ ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε” 14.11; “τοῖχοι ἐληλέατ᾽” 7.86; τεῖχος τοὺς ἀγκῶνας ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν ἐλήλαται the wall has its angles carried down to the river, Hdt.1.180, cf. 185,191; ἐληλαμέναι πέρι πύργον having a wall built round, A.Pers.872 (lyr.); ὄγμον ἐλαύνειν work one's way down a ridge or swathe in reaping or mowing, Il.11.68; “ἐ. αὔλακα” Hes. Op.443; ἀμπελίδος ὄρχον ἐ. to draw a line of vines, i.e. plant them in line, Ar.Ach.995: generally, plant, produce, “ἐλᾷ τέσσαρας ἀρετὰς αἰών” Pi.N.3.74.
