A.“φῄς, φηις” PCair.Zen.316.1 (iii B. C.), PSI7.846.7 (Pap. of Ar. (?), ii/iii A. D.), cf. Hdn.Gr.2.147, 419; φησί (apocop. “φή” Anacr.40); pl. φα^μέν, φα^τέ, φα_σί; Dor. φα_μί , φα_σί or φα_τί (Ar.Ach.771, Anon. in PSI9.1091.11, 18), 3pl. φαντί; Aeol. φᾶμι Sapph.32, 2sg. “φαῖσθα” Alc.Supp.20.6, 3sg. φαῖσι ib.26.5, Sapph.66, 3pl. “φαῖσι” Sapph. Supp.5.2: aor. 2 ἔφην, Ep. “φῆν” Il.18.326; “ἔφησθα” 1.397, al., Ar.Lys. 132, X.An.1.6.7, Pl.Cra.438a, Aeschin.3.164, etc. (rarely “ἔφης” Il.22.280, X.Cyr.4.1.23), Ep. “φῆσθα” Il.21.186, Od.14.149 (v.l. φῇσθα）“, φῆς” Il.5.473, Od.7.239 (v.l.); ἔφη, Ep. φῆ, Dor. “φᾶ” Pi.I.2.11; 1pl. “ἔφα^μεν” Isoc.3.26 (“ἔφημεν” A.D.Adv.184.7, Gal.1.158, Papp.524.16, Choerob. in Theod.2.341 H.); 2pl. “ἔφα^τε” And.2.25; 3pl. ἔφασαν, Ep. “φάσαν” Il.2.278, also ἔφα^ν, φάν, 3.161, 6.108; imper. φαθί (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.1.431, al., A.D.Synt.264.4; φάθι is found in codd. of Pl. Grg.475e, al.); subj. φῶ, φῇς, φῇ, Ep. “φῇσιν” Od.1.168, “φήῃ” 11.128, 23.275; Dor. 3pl. subj. “φᾶντι” Tab.Heracl.1.116; opt. φαίην, 1pl. “φαῖμεν” Il.2.81, 24.222, Pi.N.7.87, 3pl. “φαῖεν” Th.3.68, etc.; inf. φάναι, Hdt.1.27, etc., poet. “φάμεν” Pi.N.8.19; part. “φάς” Il.9.35, Hdt.1.63, 141, SIG279.18 (Zeleia, iv B. C.), “φᾶσα” Hdt.6.135, pl. “φάντες” Il.3.44, 14.126, Pl.Alc.2.139b: fut. φήσω, Dor. “φασῶ” Ar.Ach. 739, etc.; 1pl. “φασοῦμες” Diotog. ap. Stob.4.1.133: aor. 1 “ἔφησα” Cratin. in PSI11.1212.9, Hdt.3.153, PCair.Zen.19.3 (iii B. C.) (ἔφασεν is dub. ib.140.7); Dor. 3sg. “φᾶσε” Pi.N.1.66; 2sg. subj. (Dor.) φάσῃς [α_] Simon.32 (φήσῃς etc. codd. Stob., corr. Bgk.); opt. “φήσειε” Hdt.6.69, A.Pr.503, part. “φήσας” X.Mem.3.11.1, Isoc.12.239, inf. “φῆσαι” Thphr. Char.2.7:—Med. (chiefly poet. in early writers), impf. and aor. 2 ἐφάμην, ἔφατο (also SIG437.6 (Delph., iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.343.8 (iii B. C.), PSI4.437.8 (iii B. C.), Parth.4.5, etc.), Ep. “φάτο” Il.20.262, “φάσθε” Od.6.200, 10.562, ἔφαντο, Ep. “φάντο” 24.460; imper. “φάο” 16.168, 18.171, φάσθω, φάσθε; inf. φάσθαι; part. φάμενος (also Archim. Spir. Prooem., Eratosth.Prooem., SIG364.83 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.236.4 (iii B. C.), PHamb.4.14 (i A. D.), J.AJ17.12.2, Gal. 6.228, etc.): Dor. fut. φάσομαι [α_] Pi.N.9.43:—Pass., pf. 3sg. “πέφαται” A.R.2.500; 3sg. imper. “πεφάσθω” Pl.Ti.72d; but part. “πεφασμένος” Il.14.127, A.Pr.843 shd. be referred to φαίνω: aor. ἐφάθην （ἀπ-, κατ-) Arist.Int.18b39. The pres. indic. φημί is enclit., exc. in 2sg. pres. φῄς: φαμέν is 1pl. pres., φάμεν poet. inf.: φαντί is 3pl., φάντι part.
II. φάσκω supplied all moods of pres. except the indic., also impf. ἔφασκον; cf. ἠμί. [α^, except in φα_σι, and in masc. and fem. part. φάς, φᾶσα: in inf. φάναι α^ always; φᾶναι is corrupt in Eub.119.11 codd. Ath.]:—say, affirm, assert, either abs., or folld. by inf., e. g. Λυσίθευς Μικίωνα φιλῖν ( = -εῖν）“ φησι” IG12.924, cf. 57.48, or acc. et inf.; the inf. is freq. omitted, σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει (sc. εἶναι) Il.8.153; also Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν; what shall we say of them? X.HG3.5.12; “φ. πρός τινα, πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι” Od.17.584: less freq. c. dat., “αὐτοῖς” Ev.Matt.13.28; κατά τινος φ. to speak against him, X.Ap.25: sts. folld. by ὡς, Lys.7.19, v.l. in X. HG6.3.7; by ὅτι, Pl.Grg.487d, Corn.ND30; by an interrog. clause, “μή ποτε φάσῃς ὅ τι γίνεται αὔριον” Simon. l.c.; by part., dub. in Pl. Grg.481c (fort. leg. θῶμεν); also parenthetic, “τίνες, φῄς, ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι;” Pl.Phd.59c.
b. since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, think, deem, suppose, “φῆ γὰρ ὅ γ᾽ αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν” Il. 2.37; φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τιν᾽ ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε you would say, would think, he was . . , 3.220; ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι to say he is (i. e. fancy himself) equal to me, 1.187, 15.167; μὴ . . φαθὶ λεύσσειν think not that you see, Theoc.22.56; τί φῄς; what say you? i.e. what think you? (v. infr. 11.5); “λέγ᾽ ἀνύσας ὅ τι φῄς” Ar.Pl.349:—so φ. δεῖν, φ. χρῆναι, deem it right, And.3.34, Isoc.3.48.
c. say, i.e. write, of an author, “ὡς ἔφημεν” Gal.1.158, etc.—The Med. has all these senses as well as the Act.
II. Special Phrases:
1. φασί, they say, it is said, Il.5.638, Od.6.42, etc.; parenthetically, Arist.EN1109a35, Men.Epit. 223, etc.: Prose writers use φησί when quoting, D.23.89, etc.; φησίν saith He, 1 Ep.Cor.6.16; esp. of an opponent's objection, Plu.2.112c; even after a plural, “ὅ τοίνυν μέγιστον ἔχειν οἴονται . . "καὶ αὐτός", φησί, "τῶν εἰσιόντων ἦσθα"” Lib.Or.52.39; "τὸν δὲ μετ᾽ εἰσενόησα", ἔφη Ὅμηρος as H. said, Pl.Prt.315b.
2. joined with a synon. Verb, ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων, Hdt.3.156, 6.137, etc.; “ἔλεγε φάς” Id.1.122; λέγει οὐδέν, φαμένη . . Id.2.22; “τί ἐροῦμεν ἢ τί φήσομεν;” D.8.37, cf. 25.100; “τί φῶ; τί λέξω;” E.Hel.483.
3. in repeating dialogues the Verb commonly goes before its subject, ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης, said I, said S., but the order is sts. inverted, ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη, I said, S. said.
4. inserted parenthetically, though the sentence has been introduced by λέγει, εἶπεν, etc., “ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος . . εἶπεν: ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύ γε, ἔφη” X.Oec.17.10, cf. Pl.Chrm.164e; “ἡ κρίσις . . διαρρήδην λέγει "διότι", φησίν, "ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι"” Lys.13.50.
5. “τί φημί;” S.OT1471, and “τί φῄς;” Ph.804, E.Hel. 706 (dub.), are used extra metrum, as exclamations.
6. κυριώτατα φάναι, in parenthesis, strictly speaking, Ph.2.374; ὡς οὕτω φάναι, = ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἅπασαι ὡς οὕτω φάναι practically all, Gal.Vict.Att.9; συνελόντα (v.l. -όντι）φάναι, = συνελόντι εἰπεῖν, Id.16.502.
III. like κατάφημι, say yes, affirm, assert, καὶ τοὺς φάναι and they said yes, Hdt.8.88; “καί φημι κἀπόφημι” S.OC317; “ἔγωγέ φημι” Pl. Grg.526c; “φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι” Id.Tht.165a: c. inf., “φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε;” S.Ant.442; but οὔ φημι means say no, deny, refuse, c. inf., ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν said she would not . . , Hdt.1.19, cf. 8.2; “οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψαι” Lys.13.15, 47 (leg. -τρέψειν): c. acc. et inf., “οὔ φημ᾽ Ὀρέστην σ᾽ ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν” A.Eu.221, cf. Hdt.2.63: abs., κἂν μὲν μὴ φῇ if he says no, Ar.Av.555 (anap.); ἢ φάθι ἢ μὴ ἃ ἐρωτῶ answer me yes or no, Pl.Grg.475e; so in answers, φημί or “οὕτως φημί” yes, Id.Phdr.270c, al., Grg.500e; οὐκ ἔφη he said no, Id.Phd.118a.— In this sense Att. writers, besides pres., mostly use fut. φήσω and aor. ἔφησα, but in impf., inf., and part. pres., to avoid ambiguity, they prefer ἔφασκον, φάσκειν, φάσκων (v. φάσκω): φάναι is distd. fr. φάσκειν, e.g. ἔφη σπουδάζειν he said he was in haste, ἔφασκε σπουδάζειν he alleged he was in haste; but ἔφησθα is found in this sense, X.An.1.6.7.
