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γῆ , ἡ, occasionally in Hom., freq. in Hes., and the only form in Att. Prose for γαῖα: dual
A.“γαῖν” A.Pers.736: pl. rare, “γαῖ” Arist.Pr. 934b9, “γέαι” SIG279.40 (Zelea), etc., AP9.430 (Crin.): gen. “γεῶν” Hdt.4.198, GDI5755.14 (Mylasa); “γῶν” BGU993 iii 10 (ii B. C.): acc. γέας [Democr.] 299, SIG46.3 (Halic.), “γᾶς” PTeb.6.31 (ii B. C.), Str. 2.5.26; Cypr. “ζᾶς” Inscr.Cypr.135.30 H.: dat. pl. γέαις prob. in CIG 2693f9 (Mylasa), LW415.9 (ibid.):—earth (including land and sea, Sapph.Supp.5.2) opp. heaven, or land opp. sea, “Γῆ τε καὶ Ἠέλιος καὶ Ἐρινύες” Il.19.259, cf. 3.104; τίς γῆ; Od.13.233; “γῆς περίοδοι” Hdt.4.36, Arist.Mete.362b12, title of work by Hecat.: personified, Il. l.c., A.Th.69, Pers.629, etc.; κατὰ γῆν on land, by land, opp. ναυσί, Th. 1.18; opp. ἐκ θαλάσσης, Id.2.81; “κατὰ γῆν στέλλεσθαι” X.An.5.6.5, etc.; ἐπὶ γῆς on earth, opp. νέρθε, S.OT416; κατὰ γῆς below the earth, A.Ch.377,475, etc.; “κάτω γῆς” S.OT968; “ὑπὸ γῆς” Id.Fr.572; “γᾶς ὑπένερθε” Pi.Fr.292: gen. with local Adverbs, “ἵνα γῆς” E.Andr. 168; ποῦ, ποῖ, ὅποι γ., S.OT108, Ph.1211, El.922; “ὅπου γ.” Ar.Av. 9.
2. earth, as an element, Xenoph.27, Anaxag.4, Pl.Prt.320d, Lg.889b, Arist.Metaph.989a5, Cael.306a18, etc.
b. γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν, as tokens of submission, Hdt.5.18, Lycurg.71; “γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ διδόναι” Hdt.5.18, al.
II. land, country, “καὶ γῆν καὶ πόλιν” A.Eu. 993; γῆν πρὸ γῆς ἐλαύνεσθαι, διώκειν, from land to land, Id.Pr.682, Ar. Ach.235; “ἡ ἁγία γῆ” LXX Wi.12.3; one's native land, Tyrt.12.33, Thgn.1213, A.Supp.890 (lyr.), S.OC441, E.Ph.1090; freq. omitted with art., ἐκ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ (sc. γῆς）“ δραπέτας” Id.Heracl.140, etc.
2. freq. in Trag., city, “αὐτός τε καὶ γῆ δορὶ πεσοῦσ᾽ Ἑλληνικῷ” Id.Tr. 868.
III. the earth or ground as tilled, “ἄροτον γῆς” S.OT270; γᾶ φθίνουσα ib.665, etc.; τὴν γῆν ἐργάζεσθαι, θεραπεύειν, till the ground, Pl.R.420e, X.Oec.5.12; “τὰ ἐκ τῆς γῆς φυόμενα” Id.Mem.4.3.10.
2. estate, farm, “γῆν πρίασθαι” Lys.32.23; ἐπὶ γῇ δανείζειν lend on mortgage, D.36.6.
IV. of particular kinds of earth or minerals, e.g. fuller's earth. Thphr.Char.10.14, cf. Gal.12.168; “Κιμωλία γ.” Ar.Ra. 712, cf. Hp.Mul.2.189.
Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by. Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940.

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