I. Gen., to occasion loss or damage to, to harm, damage = damno afficere: “pauperibus parcere, divites damnare atque domare,” Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 10.—
II. Esp. [cf. damnum, II.] a judicial t. t., to condemn, doom, sentence one to any punishment = condemno, v. Cic. Or. 49, 166 (opp. to absolvere, liberare, dimittere; cf. also condemno, culpo, improbo; common and classical).—Constr. with acc. of person, either alone or with gen., abl., de, in, ad, etc., of the crime and punishment: damnatur aliquis crimine vel judicio, sed sceleris, parricidii, etc., Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 273 sq.; cf. Munro, ad Lucr. 4, 1183: Zumpt, Gr. § 446 sq.; Roby, Gr. § 1199 sq.
(α).
With acc. pers. alone: “ergo ille damnatus est: neque solum primis sententiis, quibus tantum statuebant judices, damnarent an absolverent, sed etiam illis, etc.,” Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231; id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114: “censoris judicium nihil fere damnato nisi ruborem affert,” id. Rep. 4, 6 (fragm. ap. Non. 24, 9): ego accusavi, vos damnastis, Dom. Afer ap. Quint. 5, 10, 79 et saep. —Transf., of things: causa judicata atque damnata, Cic. Rab. perd. 4; id. Clu. 3.—
(β).
With acc. pers. and gen. (criminis or poenae): “ambitus damnati,” Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 4; Cic. Brut. 48 fin.: “furti,” id. Flacc. 18, 43: “injuriarum,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41 fin.: “majestatis,” id. Phil. 1, 9, 23: “peculatus,” Cic. Verr. 1, 13, 39: “rei capitalis,” id. de Sen. 12, 42; “sceleris conjurationisque,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5 Zumpt N. cr., et saep.: “capitis,” Caes. B. C. 3, 83, 4; 3, 110, 4: “octupli,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 11, § 28: “absentem capitalis poenae,” Liv. 42, 43, 9; cf.: “crimine falso damnari mortis,” Verg. A. 6, 430.—
(γ).
With abl.: “ut is eo crimine damnaretur,” Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45; so, “capite,” id. Tusc. 1, 22 al.: “morte,” Sen. Herc. Oet. 888: “tertiā parte agri,” Liv. 10, 1, 3: “pecuniā,” Just. 8, 1, 7; cf.: “Milo Clodio interfecto eo nomine erat damnatus,” on that account, Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 4; morti (abl.) damnare, Liv. 4, 37, 6, v. Weissenb. ad loc.—
(δ).
With de: “de majestate damnatus,” Cic. Verr. 1, 13, 39: “de vi et de majestate,” id. Phil. 1, 9: “de vi publica,” Tac. A. 4, 13 al.; cf. “quibus de causis damnati,” Val. Max. 8, 1 init.—(ε) With in or ad: “nec in metallum damnabuntur, nec in opus publicum, vel ad bestias,” Dig. 49, 18, 3: “ad mortem,” Tac. A. 16, 21; “ad extremum supplicium,” id. ib. 6, 38: Suet. Cal. 27; id. Ner. 31.— (ζ) With ut, Tac. A. 2, 67.—(η) With quod: “Athenienses Socratem damnaverunt quod novam religionem introducere videbatur,” Val. Max. 1, 1, 7, ext. 7: “Baebius est damnatus, quod milites praebuisset, etc.,” Liv. 45, 31, 2.—(θ) With cur: “damnabantur cur jocati essent,” Spart. Sev. 14, § 13.
B. Transf.
1. To bind or oblige one's heir by last will and testament to the performance of any act.—Constr. with ut, ne, or the inf.: “si damnaverit heredem suum, ut, etc.,” Dig. 12, 6, 26; with ne, ib. 8, 4, 16; with inf.: “heredem dare, etc.,” ib. 30, 12: Hor. S. 2, 3, 86.
2. In a non-legal sense, to condemn, censure, judge: (with acc. pers. and gen. or abl.) aliquem summae stultitiae, Cic. Part. 38, 134: “damnatus longi Sisyphus laboris,” Hor. Od. 2, 14, 19: “stultitiaeque ibi se damnet (amator),” Lucr. 4, 1179: damnare aliquem voti (poet. and late Lat., voto, votis), to condemn one to fulfil his vow, i. e. by granting his prayer (not in Cic.): “damnabis tu quoque votis,” Verg. E. 5, 80, Serv. and Heyne: voto, Sisenn. ap. Non. 277, 11: “voti,” Liv. 10, 37 fin.; 27, 45: “voto damnatus,” Hyg. Astr. 2, 24; Lact. Fab. 10, 8 (cf.: voti, Titin. and Turpil. ap. Non. 277, 6 and 10; Titin. Fr. 153; “Turpil. Fr. 128 Ribb.): morti,” Lucr. 6, 1231; cf.: “Stygio caput damnaverat Orco,” Verg. A. 4, 699: “damnati turis acervi,” devoted to the gods below, Stat. S. 2, 21 et saep.; cf. “also: quem damnet (sc. leto) labor,” Verg. A. 12, 727 Heyne: “damnare eum Senecam et invisum quoque habere,” to condemn, censure, disapprove, Quint. 10, 1, 125: “videntur magnopere damnandi, qui, etc.,” id. 5, 1, 2: “debitori suo creditor saepe damnatur,” Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 4.—Of inanimate objects, to condemn, reject: “ne damnent quae non intelligunt,” id. 10, 1, 26; cf. id. 10, 4, 2; 11, 3, 70 et saep.—Part. fut. pass. as subst.: “quem non puduisset damnanda committere,” Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 5.
II. Of the plaintiff, to seek or effect a person's condemnation (rare): quem ad recuperatores modo damnavit Plesidippus, Plaut. Rud. 5, 1, 2; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6: “Verrem, quem M. Cicero damnaverat,” Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 6; Liv. 7, 16, 9; cf. condemno, no. II., and condemnator, no. II.—Hence,damnātus, a, um, P. a.
II. Meton. (effectus pro causa), reprobate, criminal: “quis te miserior? quis te damnatior?” Cic. Pis. 40: “damnati lingua vocem habet, vim non habet,” Pub. Syr. 142 (Ribb.).—
B. Hateful, wretched: “damnatae noctes,” Prop. 4, 12 (5, 11 M.), 15.