I.strong, stout, able, powerful, robust, vigorous (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cæs.; very rare in Cic.; cf. valens).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.: “quasi incudem me homines octo validi caedant,” Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 7: “quantus et quam validus est,” id. ib. 1, 1, 143: “lictores,” id. As. 3, 2, 29: “videmus ea, quae terra gignit, corticibus et radicibus valida servari,” Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33: “legiones,” Lucr. 5, 1228: “leo,” id. 5, 985; 5, 1310: “tauri,” Ov. M. 7, 538; 9, 186: “lacerti,” Lucr. 4, 829; Ov. M. 9, 223: “vires,” Verg. A. 2, 50: “robur pectoris,” Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11: “validissima forma,” Quint. 12, 10, 5: “ventus,” Lucr. 6, 137; 3, 509: “aestus,” id. 1, 300: “fulmen,” id. 6, 228: “flumen,” id. 1, 291: “pontes,” id. 1, 285: “turres,” id. 5, 1440: “tormenta,” id. 6, 329: “bipennis,” Verg. G. 4, 331: “urbs valida muris,” Liv. 1, 15, 4: “validiores munitiones,” id. 36, 17, 4; 24, 37: “praesidia,” id. 44, 35: “robustis apta materia validissima est,” the strongest, most nourishing food, Cels. 2, 18 fin. (cf. valens, A.): “ptisanae usus validissimus saluberrimusque,” Plin. 18, 7, 15, § 74.—With inf.: “pondus sustinere valida abies,” Plin. 16, 42, 81, § 222: “(canis) validus servare gregem,” Claud. in Eutrop. 1, 34.—
B. In partic.
1. Well in body, in good health, sound, healthy: “salvus atque validus,” Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 7: “jamne isti abierunt, Qui me vi cogunt, ut validus insaniam?” of sound body, Plaut. Men. 5, 3, 2: “si, ut spero, te validum videro,” Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 3: “validus male filius,” i. e. sickly, Hor. S. 2, 5, 45: “necdum ex morbo satis validus,” Liv. 3, 13, 2: “color validus,” healthy complexion, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42.—
2. Of medicines, strong, powerful, active, efficacious: “medicamen,” Ov. M. 15, 533; 7, 262: “sucus,” id. ib. 7, 316: “venenum,” id. ib. 7, 123; Tac. A. 13, 15 fin.: “validissima faex aceti contra cerastas,” Plin. 23, 2, 32, § 67.—
II. Trop., strong, mighty, powerful, effective: “Jovi opulento, incluto ... valido viripotenti,” Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 1: “aevi leges,” Lucr. 5, 58: “valida urbs et potens,” Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4: “fama validissima,” Tac. A. 13, 8: “ducibus validiorem quam exercitu rem Romanam esse,” Liv. 2, 39, 2: “delecti, quibus corpus annis infirmum, ingenium sapientiā validum erat,” Sall. C. 6, 6: “mente minus validus quam corpore toto,” Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 7: “quam sit ingenio validus,” Quint. 10, 1, 62: “opibus, ingenio validus,” Tac. H. 1, 57: “vir gratiā et facundiā validus,” Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 12: “Tiberius spernendis rumoribus validus,” Tac. A. 3, 10; 4, 37: “auctor validissimus mittendi secretos nuntios,” id. ib. 6, 31: “ad Caesaris amicitiam validus,” id. ib. 6, 8: “adversus consentientis nec regem quemquam satis validum nec tyrannum fore,” Liv. 34, 49, 9: “cum validae tum breves vibrantesque sententiae,” Quint. 10, 1, 60: “validissimum genus (dicendi),” id. 12, 10, 63. —With gen.: “orandi validus,” Tac. A. 4, 21: “colonia virium et opum,” id. H. 2, 19: “aevi,” Aur. Vict. Caes. 16 fin.—Hence, advv.
A. vălĭdē , strongly, stoutly, vehemently, mightily, powerfully, exceedingly, very, etc. (not in Cic. or Cæs.): “ut valide tonuit!” Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10: “quam valide tonuit,” id. ib. 5, 1, 78: “fluctuat valide mare,” id. Rud. 2, 1, 14: “ne tua vox valide valet!” id. Pers. 3, 3, 22: “vostra latera loris faciam valide varia uti sint,” id. Ps. 1, 2, 12: “amare valide coepi hinc meretricem,” id. Merc. prol. 42; 48.—Comp.: “validius clamare,” Phaedr. 3, 16, 6: “quo me validius cruciaret,” Quint. 6, praef. § 8: “quanto validius bonos inhibet pudor quam metus,” id. 9, 2, 76: “utros peccare validius putem,” id. 10, 3, 12: “abrogant fidem validius,” Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 20: “poëtae sunt molesti validius,” Phaedr. 4, epil. 9.— Sup.: validissime alicui favere, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1: “cupere,” Plin. Ep. 9, 35, 1; 3, 15, 2.—*
2. As a reply in the affirmative, certainly, by all means, to be sure: Ca. Legirupa. Ba. Valide. Ps. Pernicies adulescentum. Ba. Acerrime, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 130; cf. v. 110.—
B. In a contr. form, valdē , an intens. adv., strongly, vehemently, energetically, vigorously, intensely, very, very much, exceedingly (freq. and class.; cf.: graviter, multo, bene, magnopere, etc.).
(α).
With verbs: quidquid volt, valde volt, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: “nunc inhibere illud tuum, quod valde mihi arriserat, vehementer displicet,” Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3: “epistula tua, quae me valde levavit,” id. ib. 4, 7, 1: “de Vergilii parte valde probo,” id. ib. 13, 26, 1: “alicui valde interdicere, ut, etc.,” id. Rep. 1, 39, 61: “non valde moveri,” id. ib.: “hos sermones ... lacessivi numquam, sed non valde repressi,” id. Fam. 3, 8, 7: “litteras tuas valde exspecto,” id. ib. 16, 19: “ille se profecisse sciat, cui Cicero valde placebit,” Quint. 10, 1, 112.—Strengthened by nimis: “tu vero eum nec nimis valde umquam nec nimis saepe laudaveris,” Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 1.—By tam: “hoc est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere,” Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31: “nil mihi tam valde placeat, quod, etc.,” Cat. 68, 77: “quem tam diu tamque valde timuissent,” Nep. Eum. 11, 2: “de remedio non tam valde laboro,” Petr. 17.—By quam: “vosmet videte, quam mihi valde placuerit,” Plaut. Merc. prol. 103: “quam valde universi admurmuraverint,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: significare quam valde probetis ea, quae, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 1.—
(β).
With adjectives: “magistratus valde lenes et remissi,” Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 66: “aetas valde longa,” id. ib. 1, 37, 58: “exspectatio valde magna,” id. Fam. 15, 17, 3: “cui me praeripere desponsam laudem, valde est iniquum,” id. Har. Resp. 3, 6: “homo et acutus, ut Poenus, et valde studiosus ac diligens,” id. Ac. 2, 31, 98: “mala valde est Bestia,” Cat. 69, 7: “quoties verbum verbo aut non dissimile valde quaeritur,” Quint. 9, 3, 75.—With tam: “quasi vero quicquam sit tam valde, quam nihil sapere, vulgare,” Cic. Div. 2, 39, 81.—With quam: nam suos valde quam paucos habet, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3.—
(γ).
With adverbs: insanum valde uterque deamat, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 127, 26: “valde vehementer et libere dicere,” Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: “illud valde graviter tulerunt,” id. ib. 1, 17, 8: “rem valde bene gerere,” id. Fam. 1, 8, 7: “valde multum,” id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 9.—
b. Comp. (rare; cf. “valide, supra): novit me valdius ipso,” Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 6: “valdius oblectat populum,” id. A. P. 321.—
c. Sup.: “quos valdissime diligunt,” Sen. Brev. Vit. 8, 4.—*
2. As a strongly confirmative reply, yes, certainly: Ca. Meam tu amicam vendidisti? Ba. Valde, viginti minis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 110.