DAE´DALA
DAE´DALA (
δαίδαλα), a
festival, celebrated in Boeotia in honour of Hera, surnamed
Νυμφευομένη or
Τελεία (
Paus. 9.2.5). Its origin
and mode of celebration are thus described by Pausanias (
9.3.1, &c.):--Hera was once angry with
Zeus, and withdrew herself to Euboea. Zeus not being able to persuade her to
return, went to Cithaeron, who then governed Plataeae, and was said to be
unequalled in wisdom. He advised Zeus to get a wooden statue, to dress and
place it upon a chariot, and to say that it was Plataea, the daughter of
Asopus, whom he was going to marry. Zeus followed the advice of Cithaeron,
and no sooner had Hera heard of her husband's projected marriage than she
returned. But when, on approaching the chariot and dragging off the
coverings, she saw the wooden statue, she was amused with the device, and
became reconciled to Zeus. In remembrance of this reconciliation the
Plataeans solemnised the festival of the daedala, which owes its name to
Δαίδαλα, the name by which rough-hewn
statues were designated. (See preceding article.) Pausanias was told that
the festival was held every seventh year, but he believes that it took place
at shorter intervals, though he was unable to discover the exact time.
This festival was observed by the Plataeans alone, and was called the
lesser Daedala (
Δαίδαλα
μικρά); it was celebrated in the following manner:--In the
neighbourhood of Alalcomene was the greatest oak-forest of Boeotia, and in
it a number of oak trunks. Into this forest the Plataeans went, and exposed
pieces of cooked meat to the ravens, attentively watching upon which tree
any of the birds, after taking a piece of the meat, would settle; and the
trees on which any of the ravens settled, were cut down and worked into
daedala.
The
great Daedala (
Δαίδαλα
μεγάλα), in the celebration of which the Plataeans were joined by
the other Boeotians, took place every sixtieth year; because at one time,
when the Plataeans were absent from their country, the festival had not been
celebrated for a period of sixty years. At each of the lesser Daedala
fourteen statues were made in the manner described above, and distributed by
lot among the towns of Plataeae, Coroncia, Thespiae, Tanagra, Chaeroneia,
Orchomenos, Lebadeia, and Thebes; the smaller towns took one statue in
common. The Boeotians assembled on the banks of the Asopus; here a statue of
Hera was adorned and raised on a chariot, and a young bride led the
procession. The Boeotians then decided by lot in what order they were to
form the procession, and drove their chariots away from the river and up
mount Cithaeron, on the summit of which an altar was erected of square
pieces of wood, fitted together like stones. This altar was covered with a
quantity of dry wood; and the towns, persons of rank, and other wealthy
individuals offered each a heifer to Hera and a bull to Zeus, with plenty of
wine and incense, and at the same time placed the daedala upon the altar.
For those who did not possess sufficient means, it was customary to offer
small sheep, but all their offerings were burnt in the same manner as those
of the wealthier persons. The fire consumed both offerings and altar, and
the immense flame thus kindled was seen far and wide.
The account of the origin of the daedala given by Pausanias agrees in the
main points with the story related by Plutarch (
apud Euseb.
de Praeparat. Evang. iii. p. 83, and
Fragm. p. 759, &c. ed. Wyttenb.), who wrote a
work on the Plataean daedala: the only difference is that Plutarch
represents Zeus as receiving his advice to deceive Hera from Alalcomenes;
and that he calls the wooden statue by which the goddess was to be deceived
Daedala, instead of Plataea. Plutarch also adds some remarks respecting the
meaning of the festival, and thinks that the dispute between Zeus and Hera
had reference to the physical revolutions to which
[p. 1.594]Boeotia, at a very remote period, had been subject, and their
reconciliation to the restoration of order in the elements. (See Creuzer,
Symbol. und Mythol. ii. p. 280, and Müller's
Orchom. p. 216, &100.2nd edit.)
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