[*] 140. The present participle is also used as an imperfect, like the present infinitive (119). With the participle this use is not confined (as it is with the infinitive) to indirect discourse. E.g.
- “Οἱ συμπρεσβεύοντες καὶ παρόντες καταμαρτυρήσουσιν,” “those who were his colleagues on the embassy and who were present will testify.” DEM. xix. 129. (Here the embassy is referred to as a well-known event in the past.)
- Φαίνεται γὰρ ἡ νῦν Ἑλλὰς καλουμένη οὐ πάλαι βεβαίως οἰκουμένη, ἀλλὰ μεταναστάσεις τε οὖσαι τὰ πρότερα, καὶ ῥᾳδίως ἕκαστοι τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀπολείποντες, i.e. the following things are evident, Ἑλλὰς οὐ πάλαι βεβαίως ᾠκεῖτο, ἀλλὰ μεταναστάσεις ἦσαν, καὶ ἕκαστοι τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀπέλειπον. THUC. i. 2.
- “Οἶδα τὸν Σωκράτην δεικνύντα τοῖς ξυνοῦσιν ἑαυτὸν καλὸν κἀγαθὸν ὄντα: οἶδα δὲ κἀκείνω σωφρονοῦντε ἔστε Σωκράτει συνήστην” XEN. Mem. i. 2, 18. (The direct discourse was ἐδείκνυ and ἐσωφρονείτην.)