[*] 89. The present and aorist subjunctive and imperative are always future, except that in general conditions (462; 532) the subjunctive is general in its time. In all final constructions the subjunctive is future relatively to the leading verb. The following examples will show the distinction of the two tenses:—
- “Πειθώμεθα πάντες: φεύγωμεν σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,” “let us all be persuaded; let us fly, etc.” Il. ii. 139.
- Τί φῶ; τί δρῶ; what shall I say? what shall I do?
- “Πῶς οὖν περὶ τούτων ποιῶμεν;” “how then shall we act about this?” PLAT. Phil. 63a
- “Ἀναλογισώμεθα τὰ ὡμολογημένα ἡμῖν,” “let us enumerate the points which have been conceded by us.” PLAT. Prot. 332D.
- Μηδὲν φοβηθῇς, fear not. But μηδὲν φοβοῦ, be not timid.
- Τί ποιήσω; what shall I do (in this case)? But τί ποιῶ; what shall I do (generally)?
- Οὐ μὴ τοῦτο εἴπῃς, you shall not say this.
- Οὐ μὴ γένηται, it will not happen.
- So in the Homeric οὐδὲ ἴδωμαι, nor shall I ever see (6).
- “Ἂν δέ τις ἀνθιστῆται, πειρασόμεθα χειροῦσθαι,” “but if any one shall stand opposed to us, we will try to subdue him.” XEN. An. vii. 3, 11 .
- “Κἂν πόλεμος ᾖ, ἕως ἂν ἐπ᾽ ἄλλον ἔχωμεν στρατεύεσθαι, σοῦ τε καὶ τῶν σῶν ἀφεξόμεθα,” “and if there shall be war, so long as we shall be able, etc.” XEN. Hell. iv. 1, 38
- “Ἀλλ᾽ ᾗ ἂν γιγνώσκω βέλτιστα ἐρῶ,” “but I will speak as I shall think best.” THUC. vi. 9.
- “Οὓς ἂν βούλῃ ποιήσασθαι φίλους, ἀγαθόν τι λέγε περὶ αὐτῶν πρὸς τοὺς ἀπαγγέλλοντας,” “whomsoever you shall wish, etc.” ISOC. i. 33.
- “Ἅπας λόγος, ἂν ἀπῇ τὰ πράγματα, μάταιόν τι φαίνεται καὶ κενόν,” “all speech, if (wherever) deeds are wanting, appears vain and empty.” DEM. ii. 12.
- “Συμμαχεῖν τούτοις ἐθέλουσιν ἅπαντες, οὓς ἂν ὁρῶσι παρεσκευασμένους,” “all are willing to be allied to those whom they see prepared.” DEM. iv. 6.
- “Ὡς ἂν εἴπω πειθώμεθα,” “let us obey as I shall direct.” Il. ix. 704.
- “Ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν,” “if death comes near (the moment that death comes near), no one wants to die.” EUR. Alc. 671.
- “Ἢν τὴν εἰρήνην ποιησώμεθα, μετὰ πολλῆς ἀσφαλείας τὴν πόλιν οἰκήσομεν,” “if we (shall) make the peace, etc.” ISOC. viii. 20.
- “Ὃν μὲν ἂν ἴδῃ ἀγνῶτα ῾σξ. ὁ κύων）, χαλεπαίνει: ὃν δ᾽ ἂν γνώριμον ῾σξ. ἴδῃ）; ἀσπάζεται,” “i.e. whomsoever the dog sees (at any time), etc.” PLAT. Rep. 376A.
- “Δοκεῖ μοι κατακαῦσαι τὰς ἁμάξας, ἵνα μὴ τὰ ζεύγη ἡμῶν στρατηγῇ, ἀλλὰ πορευώμεθα ὅπῃ ἂν τῇ στρατιᾷ συμφέρῃ,” “it seems good to me to burn the wagons, that our beasts of burden may not be our generals, and that we may go on whithersoever it may be best for the army.” XEN. An. iii. 2, 27.
- “Καὶ γὰρ βασιλεὺς αἱρεῖται, οὐχ ἵνα ἑαυτοῦ καλῶς ἐπιμελῆται, ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα καὶ οἱ ἑλόμενοι δἰ αὐτὸν εὖ πράττωσι” XEN. Mem. iii. 2, 3.
- “Δέδοικα μὴ ἐπιλαθώμεθα τῆς οἴκαδε ὁδοῦ,” “I fear lest we may forget the road home.” XEN. An. iii. 2, 25.
- “Διανοεῖται αὐτὴν λῦσαι, ὡς μὴ διαβῆτε ἀλλ᾽ ἀποληφθῆτε, ” “he intends to destroy the bridge, that you may not pass over but be caught.” Ib. ii. 4, 17 .
- Φεῦγε, begone;
- χαιρόντων, let them rejoice;
- μὴ νομίζετε, do not believe.
- Εἰπέ μοι, tell me;
- δότε μοι τοῦτο, give me this.
- “Σφενδόνην τίς μοι δότω,” “let some one give me a sling.” AR. AV. 1187.
