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Idaho,

The thirtieth State admitted to the American Union, was first explored by the whites of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Within its present limit the Coeur d'alene mission was established in 1842. The region was visited almost exclusively by hunters and trappers till 1852, when gold was discovered on its present northern boundary. By act of Congress of March 3, 1863, the Territory of Idaho was created from a portion of Oregon Territory, with an area which included the whole of the present State of

State seal of Idaho.

Montana and nearly all of that of Wyoming. In 1864 the Territory lost a part of its area to form the Territory of Montana, and in 1868 another large portion was cut from it to form the Territory of Wyoming. On July 3, 1890, the Territory was admitted into the Union as a State, having then a gross area of 84,800 square miles. Between the dates of its creation as a Territory and a State it became widely noted as a most promising field for gold [2] and silver mining, and for several years later, Idaho was classed politically as a silver State. Prospecting, however, developed a large number of rich paying gold properties, and during the copper excitement of 1898-1901 many veins of that mineral were found. During the calendar year 1899 the gold mines of Idaho yielded a combined product valued at $1,889,000; and the silver mines a product having a commercial value of $2,311,080. The development of the various min ing interests was seriously retarded for many years by the lack of transportation facilities, but by 1900 railroads had been extended to a number of important centres, and wagon-roads had been constructed connecting direct with the chief mining properties. The State also had a natural resource of inestimable value in its forests, a considerable variety of timber in commercial demand flourishing well up to the snow-line of its mountains. The chief agricultural productions are wheat, oats, barley, potatoes, and hay, and the combined values of these crops in the calendar year 1900 was $6,773,261. the hay crop alone exceeding in value $4,280,000. For 1900 the equalized valuation of all taxable property was $47,545,905, and the total bonded debt was $425,500, largely incurred for the construction of wagon-roads. The population in 1890 was 84,385; in 1900, 161,772. See United States, Idaho, vol. IX.

Territorial governors.

Name.Date.
Wm. H. Wallace1863 to 1864
Caleb Lyon1864 to 1866
David W. Ballard1866 to 1867
Samuel Bard1870
Gilman Marston1870 to 1871
Alexander Connor1871
Thomas M. Bowen1871
Thomas W. Bennett1871 to 1876
Mason Brayman1876 to 1880
John B. Neil1880 to 1883
John N. Irwin1883
Wm. N. Burn1884 to 1885
Edwin A. Stevens1885 to 1889

State governors.

Name.Date.
George L. Shoup1890
N. B. Willey3890 to 1893
Wm. J. McConnell1893 to 1897
Frank Steunenberg1897 to 1901
Frank W. Hunt1901 to 1903

United States Senators.

Name.No. of Congress.Date.
George L. Shoup51st to —1890
Fred. T. Dubois51st to 54th1890 to 1895
Henry Heitfeld55th to 58th1897 to 1903

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