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[84] calm and discriminating in judgment, fixed in
Chap. XXIX.} 1767. June.
his principles, steadfast in purpose, and by his ability and patriotism enchaining universal respect and the unfailing confidence of the freemen of his Colony. His opinion was formed, that if ‘methods tending to violence should be taken to maintain the dependence of the Colonies, it would hasten a separation;’1 that the connection with England could be preserved by ‘gentle and insensible methods,’ rather than ‘by power or force.’ But not so reasoned Townshend, who, after the Whitsuntide Holidays, ‘stole’2 his Bill imperceptibly through both Houses.3 The Stamp Act had called an American revenue ‘just and necessary;’ and had been repealed as impolitic. Townshend's Preamble to his Bill granting duties in America on glass, red and white lead, painter's colors and paper, and three pence a pound on tea, declared an American revenue ‘expedient.’4 By another Act5 a
July.
Board of Customs was established at Boston; and general Writs of Assistance were legalized. For New-York the Lords of Trade, avowedly from political reasons, refused to the Presbyterians any immunities, but such as might be derived from the British Law of Toleration;6 while an Act of Parliament7 suspended the functions of its Representatives, till they should render obedience to the Imperial Legislature.

On such an alternative, it was thought that that Province would submit without delay; and that the

1 Jonathan Trumbull to William S. Johnson, 23 June, 1767.

2 Lord Beauchamp in Cavendish Debates, i. 215.

3 W. S. Johnson to Dep. Gov. Trumbull, 14 Sept. 1767. Garth to Committee of South Carolina, 6 June, 1767.

4 7 Geo. III. c. XLVI.

5 7 Geo. III. c. XLI.

6 Report of the Board of Trade, 10 July, 1767.

7 Garth, 17 May, 1767; 7 Geo. III. chap. LVI.

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