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57.
The following were the states on either side who came to Syracuse to fight
for or against Sicily, to help to conquer or defend the island.
Right or community of blood was not the bond of union between them, so much
as interest or compulsion as the case might be.
[2]
The Athenians themselves being Ionians went against the Dorians of Syracuse
of their own free will; and the peoples still speaking Attic and using the Athenian laws, the
Lemnians, Imbrians, and Aeginetans, that is to say, the then occupants of
Aegina, being their colonists, went with them.
To these must be also added the Hestiaeans dwelling at Hestiaea in Euboea.
[3]
Of the rest some joined in the expedition as subjects of the Athenians,
others as independent allies, others as mercenaries.
[4]
To the number of the subjects paying tribute belonged the Eretrians,
Chalcidians, Styrians, and Carystians from Euboea; the Ceans, Andrians, and Tenians from the islands; and the Milesians, Samians, and Chians from Ionia.
The Chians, however, joined as independent allies, paying no tribute, but
furnishing ships.
Most of these were Ionians and descended from the Athenians, except the
Carystians, who are Dryopes, and although subjects and obliged to serve,
were still Ionians fighting against Dorians.
[5]
Besides these there were men of Aeolic race, the Methymnians, subjects who
provided ships, not tribute, and the Tenedians and Aenians who paid tribute.
These Aeolians fought against their Aeolian founders, the Boeotians in the
Syracusan army, because they were obliged, while the Plataeans, the only
native Boeotians opposed to Boeotians, did so upon a just quarrel.
[6]
Of the Rhodians and Cytherians, both Dorians, the latter, Lacedaemonian
colonists, fought in the Athenian ranks against their Lacedaemonian
countrymen with Gylippus; while the Rhodians, Argives by race, were compelled to bear arms against
the Dorian Syracusans and their own colonists, the Geloans, serving with the
Syracusans.
[7]
Of the islanders round Peloponnese, the Cephallenians and Zacynthians
accompanied the Athenians as independent allies, although their insular
position really left them little choice in the matter, owing to the maritime
supremacy of Athens, while the Corcyraeans, who were not only Dorians but
Corinthians, were openly serving against Corinthians and Syracusans,
although colonists of the former and of the same race as the latter, under
color of compulsion, but really out of free will through hatred of Corinth.
[8]
The Messenians, as they are now called in Naupactus and from Pylos, then
held by the Athenians, were taken with them to the war.
There were also a few Megarian exiles, whose fate it was to be now fighting
against the Megarian Selinuntines.
[9]
The engagement of the rest was more of a
voluntary nature.
It was less the league than hatred of the Lacedaemonians and the immediate
private advantage of each individual that persuaded the Dorian Argives to
join the Ionian Athenians in a war against Dorians; while the Mantineans and other Arcadian mercenaries, accustomed to go
against the enemy pointed out to them at the moment, were led by interest to
regard the Arcadians serving with the Corinthians as just as much their
enemies as any others.
The Cretans and Aetolians also served for hire, and the Cretans who had
joined the Rhodians in founding Gela, thus came to consent to fight for pay
against, instead of for, their colonists.
[10]
There were also some Acarnanians paid to serve, although they came chiefly
for love of Demosthenes and out of goodwill to the Athenians whose allies
they were.
These all lived on the Hellenic side of the Ionian gulf.
[11]
Of the Italiots, there were the Thurians and Metapontines, dragged into the
quarrel by the stern necessities of a time of revolution; of the Siceliots, the Naxians and the Catanians; and of the barbarians, the Egestaeans, who called in the Athenians, most of
the Sicels, and outside Sicily some Tyrrhenian enemies of Syracuse and
Iapygian mercenaries.
Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War. London, J. M. Dent; New York, E. P. Dutton. 1910.
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References (67 total)
- Commentary references to this page
(19):
- W. W. How, J. Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus, 6.137
- W. W. How, J. Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus, 6.99
- W. W. How, J. Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus, 8.43
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 2, 2.2
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 6, 6.22
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 6, 6.30
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 6, 6.43
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 6, 6.85
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 6, 6.88
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 7, 7.2
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 7, 7.42
- T. G. Tucker, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 8, 8.22
- T. G. Tucker, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 8, 8.44
- T. G. Tucker, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 8, 8.66
- T. G. Tucker, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 8, 8.69
- T. G. Tucker, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 8, 8.95
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 4, CHAPTER LXII
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 5, 5.8
- Sir Richard C. Jebb, Selections from the Attic Orators, 20
- Cross-references to this page
(26):
- The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, STYRA S Euboia, Greece.
- Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges, PREPOSITIONS
- Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges, THE VERB: VOICES
- Raphael Kühner, Bernhard Gerth, Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache, KG 1.3.2
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), COLO´NIA
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), EXE´RCITUS
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), PERIOECI
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), AENUS
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), AETO´LIA
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), ARCA´DIA
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), ARGOS
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), CARYSTUS
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), CRETA or CRETE
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), EUBOEA
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), LEMNOS
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), METAPONTUM
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), METHYMNA
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), NAXOS
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), RHODUS
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SEGESTA
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SELI´NUS
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SICI´LIA
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), STYRA
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TENEDOS
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TENOS
- Sir Richard C. Jebb, Selections from the Attic Orators, 20
- Cross-references in notes to this page
(3):
- Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Thuc. 1.19
- Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Thuc. 6.22
- Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Thuc. 6.85
- Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page
(19):
- LSJ, Αἰολεύς
- LSJ, ἅμα^
- LSJ, ἄποικος
- LSJ, ἀκολουθ-έω
- LSJ, ἔχθος
- LSJ, ἐπικουρ-έω
- LSJ, εὐπρεπ-ής
- LSJ, φων-ή
- LSJ, καταλαμβάνω
- LSJ, κατ-αντικρύ
- LSJ, νησιωτ-ικός
- LSJ, πλείων
- LSJ, στα^σι-ωτικός
- LSJ, συγκτάομαι
- LSJ, συγ-κτίζω
- LSJ, συνδια-σῴζω
- LSJ, συντυ^χ-ία
- LSJ, ὑπήκοος
- LSJ, ὑποτελ-ής
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