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For Παλαιστίνῃ Συρίῃ cf. iii. 5. 1 n.
For οὐρανίη Ἀ. cf. c. 131 n; at Ascalon she was called Derceto, and her image was half woman, half fish.
πυνθανόμενος. For H.'s question cf. ii. 44. 1, where he says that he had travelled to Tyre to ask a similar question. For the temple at Paphos cf. J. H. S. ix. 193 seq., and for that of Cythera, Paus. iii. 23. 1; the statue in the latter was a ξόανον ὡπλισμένον (Frazer, iii. 338) which recalls the martial side of the goddess Ishtar. The temple was the oldest in Greece to the goddess. For the Phoenicians in Greece cf. iv. 147 n.
θήλεαν νοῦσον. The disease, described by Hippocrates (περὶ ἀέρων 22), is said by Ar. (Ethics vii. 7. 6) to be hereditary in the Scythian royal families. Littré (Hippoc. ii, p. xl seq.) is inclined to follow Rosenbaum, Gesch. der Lustseuche, vol. i. (1839), that the θήλεα νοῦσος is παιδεραστία; this is the usual meaning of the words among the ancients, and the vice was thought hereditary. He admits, however, that this explanation does not correspond to the description of the disease in Hippocrates, and it is not a natural explanation of H. here. In iv, p. x, moreover, Littré quotes some curious cases of impotence described by the great French surgeon, Larrey, in the army of Syria (1799 A. D.), which seem to fit the words of H. much better than Rosenbaum's explanation. ἅμα τε ought properly to follow the λέγουσι οἱ Σ. For the ἐνάρεες cf. iv. 67. 2.
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