A.otheruise: used adversatively to limit or oppose words, sentences, or clauses, stronger than δέ:
I. in simple oppositions, but,
1. after neg. clauses, “οὐ κακός, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγαθός” Thgn.212; “οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ μίμνεν, ἀλλ᾽ . . ἐφορμᾶται” Il.15.690, etc.
c. freq. after οὐ μόνον, μὴ μόνον, with or without “καί, οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀ. πολλάκις” Pl.Phdr.228a, cf. Th. 3.59, X.Mem.1.4.13, etc.; without “μόνον, οὐχ ἑσπέρας, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεσημβρίας” E.Fr.1006: also after οὐχ (or μὴ（ ὅτι, οὐχ (or μὴ） ὅπως, either, not only . . but . . , “μὴ ὅτι ἰδιώτην τινά, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέα” Pl.Ap.40d; “μὴ ὅτι κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν” Id.Smp. 207e; or, not only not . . but . . , “οὐχ ὅπως κωλυταὶ . . γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ . . περιόψεσθε” Th.1.35; “οὐχ ὅτι ὠργίζοντο, ἀλλ᾽ ἐζήλουν” D.19.265; the neg. form is ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέ, μὴ ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ “δίκην εἴρηκα” Is.10.1, etc.
2. in the apodosis of hypothetical sentences, still, at least, “εἴπερ γάρ τε . . ἀλλά τε” Il.1.82, etc.: in Prose, esp. ἀλλ᾽ οὖν . . γε or “ἀλλά . . γε, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀ. οὖν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις” Hdt.3.140; εἰ μή (sc. ὁρῶ）, ἀλλ᾽ ἀκούω γε, Pl.Grg.470d, cf. Isoc.3.15,al.; “εἰ μηδέν ἐστι τελευτήσαντι, ἀλλ᾽ οὖν τοῦτόν γε τὸν χρόνον ἧττον ἀηδὴς ἔσομαι” Pl.Phd.91b (in later Gk. ἀλλά γε may be in juxtaposition, “εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμί” 1 Ep.Cor.9.2, and ἀ. γε δή is found with vv. Il. in Pl.Phdr.262a); εἰ καὶ μετέχουσι . . ἀλλ᾽ οὐ . . Arist. Pol.1282a11:—less freq. after Conjunctions of Time, as “ἐπεὶ δή” Od.14.151; “ἐπεί” S.OC241.
b. after Hom., ἀ. is used elliptically, esp. with Advbs. of Time, ὦ θεοὶ πατρῷοι, συγγένεσθέ γ᾽ ἀ. νῦν (sc. εἰ μὴ πρότερον, ἀ. νῦν γε) S.El.411, cf. Ant. 552, E.Heracl.565; “ἀ. τῷ χρόνῳ” Id.Med.912; ἐὰν οὖν ἀ. νῦν γ᾽ ἔτι, i.e.ἐὰν οὖν [μὴἄλλοτε], ἀ. νῦν γε . . if then now at least ye still . . , D.3.33, cf. Lys.10.15:—without an Adv. of Time, at least, “ἡ δ᾽ ἀ. πρός σε μικρὸν εἰπάτω μόνον” Ar.Pax660, cf. S.OC1276, E.HF 331.
3. sts.= ἀλλ᾽ ἤ (q.v.), except, but, οὔτι μοι αἴτιος ἄλλος, ἀ . . . τοκῆε no one else, but . . , Od.8.312; “οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀ. οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα” 12.404; “ἔπαισεν οὔτις ἀ. ἐγώ” S.OT1331; “ἡδέα . . οὐκ ἔστιν ἀ. τούτοις” Arist.EN1176a22, cf. 1152b30: cf. reverse process in our word but=be out, except:—sts. with force of ἤ after comparatives, τάφον, οὐκ ἐν ᾧ κεῖνται μᾶλλον, ἀ.ἐν ᾧ ἡ δόξα κτλ. not that in which they are lying, but far more . . , Th.2.43; “οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον, ἀ. δαπάνης” Id.1.83.
4. with neg. after an affirmative word or clause, to be rendered simply by not, “ἀγαθῶν, ἀ. οὐχὶ κακῶν αἴτιον” Lys.14.16; “τῶν σπουδαίων, ἀ. μὴ τῶν φαύλων” Isoc.1.2; “ἐκεῖθεν, ἀ. οὐκ ἐνθένδε ἡρπάσθη” Pl.Phdr.229d:—after a question, τί δεῖ ἐμβαλεῖν λόγον περὶ τούτου, ἀ. οὐχὶ προειπεῖν; X.Cyr.2.2.19, cf. Isoc.15.229, etc.
II. to oppose whole sentences,but, yet:
1. freq. in transitions, as Il.1.135, 140, etc.; ἀ. καὶ ὥς . . 1.116; ἀ. οὐδ᾽ ὥς . . Od. 1.6:—after Hom. in answers and objections, nay but . . , well but . . , freq. with negs., esp. in making and answering objections, Ar. Ach.402, 407; also in affirmative answers, Pl.Prt.330b, Grg.449a, etc.:—repeated in a succession of questions or objections, πότερον ᾔτουν σέ τι . . ; ἀ. ἀπῄτουν; ἀ. περὶ παιδικῶν μαχόμενος; ἀ. μεθύων ἐπαρῴνησα; X.An.5.8.4, cf. Pl.Thg. 123e, Isoc. 17.47; ἀ. μήν . . , answered by ἀ . . , Arist.Pol.1287a23:—in vehement answers Pl. often uses νὴ τοὺς θεοὺς ἀ . . . , μὰ Δἴ ἀ . . , Grg. 481c, Phlb.36a, cf. Alc.1.110b, c:—at beginning of speech, to introduce a general objection, Od.4.472, cf.X.Smp.1, Men.Georg.22.
2. with imper. or subj., to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, etc., freq. in Hom., ἀ. ἄγε, ἴθι, Il.1.210, 11.611; “ἀ. ἴομεν” 6.526; “ἀ. πίθεσθε” 1.259; after voc., “ὦ Φίντις, ἀ. ζεῦξον” Pi.O.6.22, cf. Tyrt. 10.15, etc.; answered by a second “ἀ., ἀ. περιμένετε. ἀ. περιμενοῦμεν” Pl.R.327b; “ἀλλ᾽ ἕρπεθ᾽ ὡς τάχιστα” S.OC1643, cf. Ant.1029, etc.
3. to break off a subject abruptly, “ἀ. τά γε Ζεὺς οἶδεν” Od.15.523; ἀ. ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖλέγειν; S.Ph.11, cf. Tr.467, etc.
5. in elliptical phrases, οὐ μὴν ἀ., οὐ μέντοι ἀ . . . it is not [so], but . . , ὁ ἵππος πίπτει καὶ μικροῦ αὐτὸν ἐξετραχήλισεν: οὐ μὴν [ἐξετ ραχήλισεν] ἀ. ἐπέμεινεν ὁ Κῦρος it did not however [throw him], but . . , X.Cyr.1.4.8; “οὐ μέντοι ἀ.” Pl.Smp. 173b; “οὐ γὰρ ἀ.” Ar.Ra.58,498:—after “δέ, ὑμεῖς δέ μ᾽ ἀ. παιδὶ συμφονεύσατε” E.Hec.391.
III. when joined with other Particles, each retains proper force, as,
1. ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα, used by Hom. in transitions, Il.6.418, 12.320, etc.; later, to introduce an objection, Pl. Ap.25a; in questions,ἀλλ᾽ ἆρα . . ; Id.R.381b.
2. ἀλλ᾽ οὖν, concessive, at all events, Ar.Ra.1298; “τοὺς πρώτους χρόνους ἀ. οὖνπροσεποιοῦνθ᾽ ὑμῖν εἶναι φίλοι” Aeschin.3.86; well then, Pl.Prt.310a; but then, however, with γε following, Hdt.3.140, S.Ant.84, E.Cyc.652, Isoc.3.18, etc.; ἀλλ᾽ οὖν γε in apodosi, v. supr. 1.2.
3. ἀλλὰ γάρ, freq. with words between, but really, certainly, as ἀλλὰ γὰρ Κρέοντα λεύσσω . . , παύσω γόους, but this is irreg. for ἀλλά, Κρέοντα γὰρ λεύσσω, παύσω γόους, E.Ph.1308, cf. S.Ant.148; for the reg. order cf. S. Ph.81, E.Heracl.480, Med.1067; freq. elliptical, the Verb being understood, Hdt.8.8, A.Pr.941, S.Ant.155: in Hom. only with negs., “ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρ” Il.7.242, Od.14.355, al., cf. S.OT1409; ἀ. γὰρ δή, ἀ. γάρ τοι, S.Aj.167, Ph.81.
5. ἀ. ἦ in questions, chiefly of surprise or remonstrance, A. Ch.220, S.El.879, Ar.Ach.1111; ἀλλ᾽ ἦ, τὸ λεγόμενον, κατόπιν ἑορτῆς ἥκομεν; Pl.Grg.447a, cf. Prt.309c.
6. ἀ. followed by strengthening Particle, “ἀλλ᾽ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται” Il. 17.514; esp. c. imper., 1.211, al.; “ἀλλά τοι” Od. 15.518, A.Pers.795, etc.; ἀ. μέντοι, with or without γε, Pl.Smp.214e, Hp.Ma.287d, al.; ἀ. μήν, v. μήν; ἀ. δή, mostly with words between, S. Aj.1271, OC586, Isoc.4.109, etc.; without intervening words, Pl.Ap.37c, al.; “ἀ. δῆτα” Id.Hp.Ma.285c; “ἀ. μὲν δὴ καὶ αὐτός” Id.Tht.143b, cf. S.El.103.
IV. = et quidem, Olymp. in Mete.1.13, al.
