Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

A.“εἷλκον” A.Fr.39, etc., Ep.“ἕλκον” Il.4.213,al. (never εἵλκυον): fut.“ἕλξω” A.Supp.909, etc., rarely ἑλκύσω [υ^] Hp.Fract.2, Philem.174: aor. “εἵλκυ^σα” Batr.232, Pi.N.7.103, Trag. and Att., E.Ph.987, Ar.Nu.540, SIG2587.23, al., etc.; “ἥλκυσα” IG11(2).287 B61 (Delos, ii B.C.), CIG4993,5006 (Egypt, iii A.D.); later εἷλξα, poet. “ἕλξα” AP9.370 (Tib. Ill.), Orph.A.258, Gal.Nat.Fac.1.12: pf. “εἵλκυ^κα” D.22.59; pf. part. ἑολκώς prob.in Epich. 177:—Med., fut. -ύσομαι （ἐφ-) Antyll. ap. Orib.6.10.9: aor. εἱλκυσάμην （ἀφ-) v.l. in Hp.Art.11, subj. “ἀφελκύσωμαι” Ar.Ach.1120; rarely “εἱλξάμην” Gal.4.534:—Pass., fut. “ἑλκυσθήσομαι” A.Th.614 (ξυγκαθ-), Lyc.358, “ἑλχθήσομαι” Gal.UP7.7: aor. “εἱλκύσθην” Hp.Epid.4.14, (ἐξ-) Ar.Ec.688, “ἑλκ-” Hdt.1.140, “ἡλκ-” IG12(7).115.11 (Amorgos); later “εἵλχθην” Ph.2.11, Philostr.VA8.15, D.L.6.91: pf. “εἵλκυσμαι” Hp.Superf. 16, E.Rh.576,Ph.1.316, (καθ-) Th.6.50, ἕλκυσμαι （ἀν-) Hdt.9.98, “ἥλκυσμαι” BGU1256.11(ii B.C.): plpf. “εἵλκυστο” Hp.Epid.4.36.—In Att., ἕλκω, ἕλξω were alone used in pres. and fut., while the other tenses were formed from ἑλκυ-; cf. ἑλκέω (q.v.), ἑλκυστάζω. In Hom., Aristarch. rejected the augm. (Cf. Lat. sulcus, Lith. velkù 'drag'):— draw, drag, with collat.notion of force or exertion, ὣς εἰπὼν ποδὸς ἕλκε began to drag [the dead body] by the foot, Il.13.383; “ἤν περ . . ποδῶν ἕλκωσι θύραζε” Od.16.276; “τινὰ τῆς ῥινός” Luc.Herm.73; “Ἕκτορα . . περὶ σῆμ᾽ ἑτάροιο ἕλκει” Il.24.52; drag away a prisoner, 22.65 (Pass.); draw ships down to the sea, 2.152, etc.; draw along a felled tree, 17.743; of mules, draw a chariot, 24.324; ἑλκέμεναι νειοῖο . . πηκτὸν ἄροτρον draw the plough through the field, 10.353, cf. 23.518; “ἕ. τινὰ ἐπὶ κνάφου” Hdt.1.92; περιβαλόντας σχοινία ἕ. haul at them, Id.5.85.

2. draw after one, “ἐν δ᾽ ἔπεσ᾽ Ὠκεανῷ . . φάος ἠελίοιο, ἕλκον νύκτα μέλαιναν” Il.8.486; πέδας ἕ. trail fetters after one, Hdt.3.129; ἕ. χλανίδα let one's cloak trail behind, Ephipp.19(anap.); “θοἰμάτιον” Archipp.45.

3. tear in pieces (used by Hom. only in the form ἑλκέω）“, ὀνύχεσσι παρειάν” E. Tr.280; worry, “τὰς κύνας ὥλαφος ἕλκοι” Theoc.1.135; “ἑλκυσθῆναι ὑπὸ κυνός” Hdt.1.140.

b. metaph., carp at, Pi.N.7.103.

4. draw a bow, “ἕλκε . . γλυφίδας τε λαβὼν καὶ νεῦρα βόεια” Il.4.122, cf. Od.21.419, Hdt. 3.21, X.An.4.2.28, etc.

5. draw a sword, S.Ant.1233, E.Rh.576 (Pass.):—Med., “ἕλκετο δ᾽ ἐκ κολεοῖο . . ξίφος” Il.1.194.

6. ἕ. ἱστία hoist sails, Od.2.426:—also in Med.,h.Bacch.32.

7. lift up scales, so as to poise them, “ἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών” Il.8.72, 22.212.

II. after Hom.,

1. pull a barge-pole, Hdt.1.194.

2. tow a ship, Th.2.90, etc.

3. drag into court, “ἕλκω σε κλητεύσοντα” Ar.Nu.1218, cf. 1004 (Pass.); “εἰς ἀγοράν” Act.Ap.16.19; drag about, esp. with lewd violence, “ἕλκει καὶ βιάζεται” D.21.150; μηδένα ἕλξειν μηδ᾽ ὑβριεῖν ib. 221; “ἕλκειν γυναῖκα” Lys.1.12: metaph., ἄνω κάτω τοὺς λόγους ἕ. Pl. Tht.195c, cf. Arist.SE167a35; “ἡμέας ὁ καιρὸς ἕλκει” Herod.2.10; also ἥλκυσμαι λαμπαδάρχης I have been compelled to serve as λ., BGU l.c.

4. draw or suck up, [“ἥλιος] ἕλκει τὸ ὕδωρ ἐπ᾽ ἑωυτόν” Hdt.2.25; ἕ. τὸν ἀέρα draw it in, breathe it, Hp.Aër.19, Ti.Locr.101d (Pass.), cf. Philyll.20: ζωὴν φύσιν Archel. ap. Antig.Mir.89; esp. of persons drinking, drink in long draughts, quaff, “μέθυ” E.Ion1200; “ἄμυστιν” Id.Cyc.417; τὴν . . τοῦ Πραμνίου [σπονδήν] Ar.Eq.107; οἶνον ἐκ . . λεπαστῆς TeleclId.24 (lyr.); “ἀπνευστί” Antiph.74.14, etc.: with acc. of the cup, “δέπας μεστὸν . . ἕλκουσι γνάθοις ἀπαύστοις” Id.237, cf. Eub. 56.7, al.; so ἕ. μαστόν suck it, E.Ph.987; inhale, “ὀσμήν” Antig.Mir. 89; of roots, draw up nourishment, Thphr.HP1.6.10: metaph., χανδὸν καὶ ἀμυστὶ τῶν μαθηυάτων ἕ. Eun.VSp.474D.

5. draw from a receptacle, “ἐξ ἑκάστου κιβωτίου πινάκιον ἕν” Arist.Ath.64.1.

6. ἕ. βίοτον, ζόαν, drag out a weary life, E.Or.207 (lyr.), Ph.1535 (lyr.); προφάσιας ἕ. keep making excuses, Hdt.6.86; “πάσας τε προφάσεις . . ἕλκουσι” Ar.Lys.727; ἕ. χρόνους make long, in prosody, Longin.Proll. Heph.p.83C.: hence intr., ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο λέγεται ἑλκύσαι τὴν σύστασιν . . that the conflict dragged on, lasted, Hdt.7.167, cf. PHib.1.83.9 (iii B.C.):—Pass., “τῶν ἐγκλημάτων εἱκλυσμένων πλείονα χρόνον” Supp.Epigr.2.281 (Delph., ii B.C.); also of a person, “ἑλκόμενος καὶ μόγις” Pl. R.350d.

7. ἕ. κόρδακα dance in long, measured steps, Ar.Nu.540; ἓν τουτὶ （σχῆμα) Id.Pax328.

8. draw to oneself, attract, of the magnet, E.Fr.567; by spells, “τινὰ ποτὶ δῶμα” Theoc.2.17, cf.X.Mem.3.11.18, Plot.4.4.40, etc.; πείθειν καὶ ἑ. Pl.R.458d; “ἐχθροὺς ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτόν” D.22.59; draw on, “ἐπὶ ἡδονάς” Pl.Phdr.238a; “εἰς τυραννίδας ἕ. τὰς πολιτείας” Id.R.568c:—Pass., to be drawn on as by a spell, “ἴυγγι δ᾽ ἕλκομαι ἦτορ” Pi.N.4.35; “πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν” Pl.R.494e.

9. of things weighed, ἕ. σταθμὸν τάλαντα δέκα draw down the balance, i.e. weigh ten talents, Hdt.1.50, cf. Eup.116: abs., τὸ δ᾽ ἂν ἑλκύσῃ whatever it weigh, Hdt. 2.65; πλεῖον ἕ. Pl.Min.316a.

b. ἕ. τὰς ψήφους cast up the account, PPetr.2p.37 (iii B.C.), PHib.1.17.25 (iii B.C.).

10. draw or derive from a source, “ἐντεῦθεν εἵλκυσεν ἐπὶ τὴν . . τέχνην τὸ πρός φορον αὐτῇ” Pl.Phdr.270a, cf. Jul.Or.7.207a; “τὸ γένος ἀπό τινος” Str.11.9.3; assume, “μείζω φαντασίαν” Plb.32.10.5; “ὁ ἄρτος ἕλκει χρῶμα κάλλιστον” Ath.3.113c.

11. ἑλκύσαι πλίνθους make bricks, Hdt.1.179, cf. PPetr.3p.137; ἕ. λάγανον Chrysipp. Tyan. ap. Ath.14.647e.

12. αἱ θυρίδες ἕλκουσι the win dows draw in air, Thphr.Vent.29.

13. ἕ. ἑαυτόν, expressing some kind of athletic exercise, Pl.Prm. 135d.

B. Med., ἕ. χαίτας ἐκ κεφαλῆς tear one's hair, Il.10.15; ἀσσοτέρω πυρὸς ἕλκετο δίφρον drew his chair nearer to the fire, Od.19.506, cf. Semon.7.26.

2. draw to oneself, scrape up, amass, τιμάς, ἄφενος ἕλκεσθαι, Thgn.30.

3. ἕλκεσθαι στάθμας περισσᾶς in Pi.P.2.90, means lit., to drag at too great a line, i.e.grasp more than one's due-- but whence the metaphor is taken remains unexplained.

C. Pass., to be drawn or wrenched, νῶτα . . ἑλκόμενα στερεῶς, of wrestlers, Il.23.715; of the nails, to be curved, Hp.Morb.2.48; to close in when the core is removed, of the timber of certain trees, Thphr.HP5.5.2.

2. to be drawn or to flow at a place, of streams, Lyc.702; “πρὸς ἀντολίην ἕ. αἶα” D.P.1086.

3. to be drawn or contracted, “εἱλκύσθη ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιὰ τράχηλος” Hp.Epid.4.14.