A. Relat. Particle, expressing the point of Time up to which an action goes, with reference to the end of the action, until, till; or to its continuance, while:
I. until, till,
1. with Ind., of a fact in past time, “θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, ἧος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν” Il.11.342, cf. Od.5.123; “ἕ. ἀπώλεσέν τε καὐτὸς ἐξαπώλετο” S.Fr.236, cf. A.Pers.428, Pl.Chrm.155c, etc.; for “πρίν, μὴ πρότερον ἀπελθεῖν ἕως ἀποκατέστησε τὰ πράγματα” D.S.27.4: with impf. with ἄν in apodosi, of an unaccomplished action, ἡδέως ἂν Καλλικλεῖ διελεγόμην, ἕ. ἀπέδωκα I would have gone on conversing till I had . . , Pl.Grg.506b, cf.Cra.396c.
2. ἕ. ἄν or κε with Subj. (mostly of aor.), of an event at an uncertain future time, μαχήσομαι . . ἧός κε τέλος πολέμοιο κιχείω till I find, Il.3.291, cf. 24.183, A.Pr.810, etc.: ἄν is sts. omitted in Trag., “ἕ. μάθῃς” S.Aj.555; “ἕ. κληθῇ” Id.Tr.148; “ἕ. ἀνῇ τὸ πῆμα” Id.Ph.764: so freq. in later Gr., UPZ18.10 (ii B. C.), PGrenf. 2.38.16 (i B. C.), Ev.Marc.14.32, Vett. Val.68.18, etc.; “ἕ. οὗ γένηται” Gem.8.32.
3. ἕ. with Opt. (mostly of aor.), relating to an event future in relation to past time, ὦρσε . . Βορέην, ἧος ὃ Φαιήκεσσι . . μιγείη caused it to blow, till he should reach . . , Od.5.386, cf. 9.376, Ar.Ra.766, Pl.Phd.59d; “ἕως δέοι βοηθεῖν” Th.3.102, cf.Lys.13.25: ἄν or κε is added to the Opt. (not to ἕως), if the event is represented as conditional, ἕ. κ᾽ ἀπὸ πάντα δοθείη till (if possible) all things should be given back, Od.2.78; “οὐκ [ἂν] ἀποκρίναιο, ἕ. ἂν σκέψαιο” Pl.Phd.101d, cf. S.Tr.687 codd., Isoc.17.15, IG22.1328 (ii B.C.).
4. c. subj. or opt., expressing purpose, in order that, Od.4.800, 6.80, 19.367; “πορεύου εἰς Διονυσιάδα . . ἕως τὸν ἐκεῖ ἐλαιῶνα ποτίσῃς” PFay.118.12 (ii A. D.); σπούδασον ἕως οὗ ἀγοράσῃ κτλ. POxy.113.25 (ii A. D.); χρυσίον ἐδανισάμην ἕως ὅτε δυνηθῶ ἀγοράσαι ib.130.13 (vi A. D.).
5. with Inf. in orat. obliq., “ἐντειλάμενος διεκπλέειν ἕ. . . ἀπικνέεσθαι” Hdt.4.42: otherwise only in later Gr., “ἕ. ἐλθεῖν ἐς . .” LXX Ge.10.19, cf. PLond. 1.131r251 (i A. D.), D.H.9.4 (v.l.), Anon. ap. Suid.s.v. ἰλυσπώμενον.
6. with Advbs. of Time and Place, ἕ. ὅτε till the time when, c. ind., v.l. for ἔστε in X.Cyr.5.1.25; ἕ. οὗ, f.l. for ἐς οὗ, Hdt.2.143: freq. in later Gr., Gem.l.c., Ev.Matt.1.25, etc.; ἕ. ὅτου ib.5.25, etc.; ἕ. πότε; how long? ib.17.17, Ev.Jo.10.24; “ἕ. τότε” LXX Ne.2.16; ἕ. ὀψέ till late, f.l.for ἐς ὀψέ, Th.3.108; “ἕ. ἄρτι” 1 Ep.Jo.2.9; ἕ. ὧδε as far as this place, Ev.Luc.23.5.
b. with Preps., of Time, “ἕ. πρὸς καλὸν ἑῷον ἀστέρα” AP5.200; of Place, “ἕ. εἰς τὸν χάρακα” Plb.1.11.14; “ἕ. πρὸς τὸν Καύκασον” D.S.2.43; “ἕ. ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν” Act.Ap.17.14.
II. as Prep.,
1. of Time, c. gen., until, ἕως τοῦ ἀποτεῖσαι until he has made payment, Lexap.Aeschin.1.42, cf. LXX Ge.3.19, etc.; “ἕ. τελειώσεως” Epicur.Ep. 2p.38U.; “ἕ. ὡρισμένων χρόνων” Phld.D.1.7; ἕ. τινός for a time, Parth. 9.2, etc.; “ἕ. τοῦ νῦν” Ev.Matt.24.21; ἕ. Ἰωάννου ib.11.13.
b. of Place, “ἕ. τοῦ γενέσθαι . .” up to the point where . . Arist.PA668b2, cf. HA630b27, Plb.9.36.1; as far as, “ἕ. Σάρδεων” Ath.Mitt.44.25 (Samos, iii B.C.); “ἕ. τοῦ Ἀρσινοΐτου νομοῦ” PTeb.33.5 (ii B.C.); “ἕ. Φοινίκης” Act.Ap.11.19: so c. gen. pers., “ἦλθον ἕ. αὐτοῦ” Ev.Luc.4.42, cf. LXX 4 Ki. 4.22.
c. of Number or Degree, ἕ. τριῶν πλοίων Docum. ap. D.18.106; “διδόναι ἕ. ταλάντων ἑκατόν” LXX 1 Es.8.19(21); οὐκ ἔστιν ἕ. ἑνός ib.Ps. 13.3; “οὐκ ἔχομεν ἕ. τῆς τροφῆς τῶν κτηνῶν” PTeb.56.7 (ii B.C.); “ἐᾶτε ἕ. τούτου” Ev.Luc.22.51; “μαχοῦμαι ἕ. ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου” OGI266.29 (Pergam., iii B.C.); “ἕ. μέθης” Corn.ND30.
2. rarely c. acc., “ἕ. πρωΐ” LXX Jd.19.25; “ἕ. μεσημβρίαν” PLond.1.131r346, 515 (i A.D.); ἕ. τὸ "βωμῷ" down to the word "βωμῷ", Sch.Pi.O.6.111.
III. while, so long as, c. ind., “ἧος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ πολεμίζομεν” Od.13.315, cf.17.358,390; “ἕ. δ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἔμφρων εἰμί” A.Ch.1026, cf. Pers.710 (troch.); ἕ. ἔτι ἐλπὶς [ἦν] Th.8.40; “ἕ. ἔτινέος εἶ” Pl.Prm.135d: in this sense answered in apodosi by τῆος, Od.4.90, Il.20.41; by τόφρα, Od.12.327, Il.18.15; by τόφρα δέ, 10.507; by δέ alone, 1.193, Od.4.120 codd.
b. ἕ. ἄν c.subj., when the whole action is future, “οὔ μοι . . ἐλπίς, ἕ. ἂν αἴθῃ πῦρ” A.Ag. 1435; “λέγειν τε χρὴ καὶ ἐρωτᾶν, ἕως ἂν ἐῶσιν” Pl.Phd.85b; “οὐδὲν ἔστ᾽ αὐτῷ βεβαίως ἔχειν ἕ. ἂν ὑμεῖς δημοκρατῆσθε” D.10.13.
c. ἕως c. opt. in a Conditional relative clause, “φήσομεν μηδὲν ἂν μεῖζον μηδὲ ἔλαττον γενέσθαι ἕ. ἴσον εἴη αὐτὸ ἐαυτῷ” Pl.Tht.155a.
B. in Hom. sts. Demonstr.,= τέως, for a time, “ἧος μὲν . . ὄρνυον: αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ . .” Il.12.141; “ἧος μὲν ἀπείλει . . : ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δὴ . .” 13.143, cf. 17.727,730, Od.2.148; “ἧος μὲν . . ἕποντο . . αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ . .” Il.15.277; all that time, Od.3.126, cf. Hdt.8.74. (ἕως, as iambus, only once in Hom., Od.2.78; as a monosyll., Il.17.727, dub.l. in Od.2.148; when the first syllable is to be long codd. Hom. have εἵως or ἕως (never εἷος or ἧος, Ludwich WkP1890.512, exc. ειος v.l. (PFay.160) in Il.20.41), 3.291, 11.342, al.; εἵως (or ἕως) is found even when the metre requires a trochee, 1.193, al.; comparison of Dor. ἇς (from Α῟ος) with Att.-Ion. ἕως points to early Ion. Η῟ος (cf. Skt. yāvat 'as great as, as long as, until') and this should prob. be restored in Hom.; cf. τέως.)
