Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

A.like ἔγ-κατα) :

I. of Space, as always in Hom., farthest, uttermost, extreme, θάλαμος ἔ. the hindmost chamber, Od.21.9 ; “ἔσχατοι ἄλλων” at the end of the lines, Il.10.434, cf.8.225 ; ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, Od.1.23 ; “οἰκέομεν..ἔσχατοι” 6.205 ; “ἐσχάτη τῶν οἰκεομένων ἡ Ἰνδική” Hdt.3.106, cf. Th.2.96, etc.; “τὸ ἔ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς” X.HG3.3.5 ; “ὑπ᾽..ἐσχάτην στήλην” S.El.720 ; τάξις ἐ. the farthest part of the army, Id.Aj.4 : pl., “ἔσχατα γαίης” Hes.Th.731 ; “τὰ ἔ. τῶν στρατοπέδων” Th.4.96 ; “ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατα χθονός” S.Fr.956 ; “αἱ ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἄστεως οἰκίαι” Th.8.95 ; ἐξ ἐσχάτων ἐς ἔσχατα ἀπικέσθαι from end to end, Hdt.7.100, cf. X.Vect.1.6 ; “παρ᾽ ἔσχατα λίμνης” Pl.Phd.113b, cf. Th.3.106:—in various senses, uppermost, “ἐ. πυρά” S.El.900 ; lowest, deepest, “ἀΐδας” Theoc.16.52 ; “ἅλς” AP13.27 (Phal.) ; innermost, “σάρκες” S.Tr. 1053 ; last, hindmost, “ἤλαυνε δ᾽ ἔ.” Id.El.734 ; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτῳ at the close of a document, PTeb.68.54 (ii B.C.), etc.

2. of Degree, uttermost, highest, “τὸ ἔ. κορυφοῦται βασιλεῦσι” Pi.O.1.113 ; “ἀνορέαι ἔ.” Id.I.4(3).11 ; “σοφία” Lib.Or.59.88 ; of misfortunes, sufferings, etc., utmost, last, worst, πόνος, ἀδικία, κίνδυνοι, Pl.Phdr.247b, R.361a, Grg.511d ; “ὀδύναι αἱ ἔ.” Id.Prt.354b ; δῆμος ἔ. extreme democracy, Arist.Pol.1296a2.

b. Subst., τὸ ἔ., τὰ ἔ., the utmost, “ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ ἀπιγμένοι” Hdt.8.52 ; “τετρῦσθαι ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ” Id.1.22 ; without Art., “ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατα βαίνεις” S. OC217 (lyr.) ; “προβᾶσ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατον θράσους” Id.Ant.853 (lyr.) ; “ἐπ᾽ ἔ. ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας” Pl.Phdr.240d, cf. R.361d, etc.; “ὃ πάντων κακῶν ἔσχατόν ἐστι, τοῦτο πάσχει” Id.Phd.83c ; “οἱ τὰ ἔ. πεποιηκότες” X.Cyr.8.8.2 ; ζημιοῦσθαι πᾶσι τοῖς ἐ., Lat. extremis suppliciis, Pl.Plt.297e ; ἔσχατ᾽ ἐσχάτων κακά worst of possible evils, S.Ph.65, cf. Philem.178 ; “εἰς τὰ ἔ. ἐληλυθώς” UPZ60.12 (ii B.C.) : Comp.“οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ ἐσχάτου -ώτερον εἴη ἄν τι” Arist.Metaph.1055a20 : Sup. -ώτατος f.l. in X.HG2.3.49, cf. Phryn.51 ; “τὰ -ώτατα” Phld.Hom.p.320.

3. of Persons, lowest, meanest, D.S.8.18, D.C.42.5, Alciphr.3.43 : prov., οὐδείς, οὐδ᾽ ὁ Μυσῶν ἔ., i.e. the meanest of mankind, Magnes 5, cf. Philem.77 ; in Pl.Tht.209b it seems to mean the remotest of mankind, cf. πρὸς ἐσχάτην Μυσῶν v.l. in App.Prov.2.85 (“παρὰ τοῖς ἐ. τῆς Μυσίας” Apostol.8.1); similarly “οὐδὲ τὸν ἔσχατον Καρῶν” Plu.2.871b.

4. of Time, last, ἐς τὸ ἔ. to the end, Hdt.7.107, Th.3.46; ἔ. πλόος, ναυτιλίαι, the end of it, Pi.P.10.28, N.3.22 ; ἐσχάτας ὑπὲρ ῥίζας over the last scion of the race, S.Ant.599 (lyr.); ἔ. Ἑλλήνων, Ῥωμαίων, Plu.Phil.1, Brut.44 : neut. ἔσχατον, as Adv., for the last time, S.OC1550 ; finally, best of all, 1 Ep.Cor.15.8; at the latest, “ἔ. ἐν τρισὶ μησίν” SIG1219.11 (Gambreion, iii B. C.), cf. Inscr.Prien.4.45 (iv B. C.); εἰς τὴν ἐσχάτην at the last, LXXEc.1.11 ; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτῳ ib.2 Ki.24.25, al.: Subst. ἐσχάτη, ἡ, end, “οὐχ ἕξεις ἐ. καλήν” Astramps.Orac.21.4, cf. 40.3.

5. in the Logic of Arist., τὰ ἔ. are the last or lowest species, Metaph.1059b26, or individuals, ib.998b16, cf. AP0.96b12, al.; “τὸ ἔ. ἄτομον” Metaph.1058b10.

b. ὁ ἔ. ὅρος the minor term of a syllogism, EN1147b14.

c. last step in geom. analysis or ultimate condition of action, “τὸ ἔ. ἀρχὴ τῆς πράξεως” de An.433a16.

II. Adv. -τως to the uttermost, exceedingly, “πῦρ ἐ. καίει” Hp.de Arte8; “ἐ. διαμάχεσθαι” Arist.HA613a11 ; “ἐ. φιλοπόλεμος” X.An.2.6.1 ; “φοβοῦμαί σ᾽ ἐ.” Men.912, cf. Epicur.Ep. 1p.31U.

b. -τως διακεῖσθαι to be at the last extremity, Plb.1.24.2, D.S.18.48 ; “ἔχειν” Ev.Marc.5.23 ; “ἀπορεῖν” Phld.Oec.p.72J.

2. so ἐς τὸ ἔ.,=ἐσχάτως, Hdt.7.229; “εἰς τὰ ἔ.” X.HG5.4.33 ; “εἰς τὰ ἔ. μάλα” Id.Lac.1.2 ; “τὸ ἔ.” finally, in the end, Pl.Grg.473c ; but, τὸ ἔ. what is worst of all, ib.508d.