A.“ἐξ τῳ ϝοίκῳ” Inscr.Cypr. 135.5 H., in Att. Inscrr. before ς ξ ζ ρ and less freq. λ ; ἐγ- in Inscrr. before β γ δ λ μ ν ; Cret. and Boeot. ἐς Leg.Gort.2.49, Corinn.Supp.2.67 ; ἐχ freq. in Att. Inscrr. before χ φ θ (and in early Inscrr. before ς, IG12.304.20) ; also ἐ Ναυπάκτω ib.9(1).334.8 (Locr.) ; (ἐτ is for ἐπὶ in ib 9(2).517.14 (Thess.)) :—Prep. governing GEN. only (exc. in Cypr. and Arc., c. dat., Inscr.Cypr.135.5 H. (Idalium), (in form ἐς) IG5(2).6.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.)) :—radical sense, from out of, freq. also simply, from.
I. OF PLACE, the most freq. usage, variously modified :
1. of Motion, out of, forth from, “ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης” Il.1.269, cf.Pl.Prt.321c, etc. ; “μάχης ἔκ” Il.17.207 ; “ἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν” 24.288 ; ἐξ ὀχέων, ἐξ ἕδρης, 3.29, 19.77 ; “φεύγειν ἐκ πολέμοιο” 7.119 ; “ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλθεῖν” X.Cyr.6.2.9 ; “ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο” Il.9.344, cf. S.Ph.1287 (but ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλειν or παίειν to strike with a spear in the hand, opp. ἀντιτοξεύειν or ἀκοντίζειν, X.An.3.3.15, Cyr.4.3.16 ; ἐκ χειρὸς τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι ib.6.2.16, cf. 6.3.24, etc.) ; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν ib.5.3.3 ; “ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσθαι” Pl.Com.190.
2. ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her from my heart, with all my heart, Il.9.343 ; “ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάσασθαι” X.Oec.10.4 ; “μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντες Ἄρη” A.Ag.48 (anap.) ; “δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός” Id.Th.919 (anap.) ; “οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις” S.El.344 ; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσθαι receive with kindly heart, Id.OC486 ; “ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν δὲ κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός” Id.OT528 ; ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων with chariot still upright, Id.El.742 ; “ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός” Id.Tr.875 ; “ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός” Id.Ph.91.
3. to denote change or succession, freq. with an antithetic repetition of the same word, δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil comes from (or after) another, Il.19.290 ; “ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω” S.Tr.28 ; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀμείβειν, ἀλλάττειν, Pl. Sph.224b, Plt.289e ; “λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν” D.18.313 ; “πόρους ἐκ πόρων ὑπισχνούμενοι” Alciphr.1.8 ; “ἀπαλλάττειν τινὰ ἐκ γόων” S.El.291 ; “ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι” Id.Ant.437 : hence, instead of, “τυφλὸς ἐκ δεδορκότος” Id.OT454 ; “λευκὴν..ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα” Id.Ant.1093 ; “ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς” D.18.131, cf. X. An.7.7.28, etc.
4. to express separation or distinction from a number, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες four out of many, Il.15.680 ; “μοῦνος ἐξ ἁπάντων σωθῆναι” Hdt.5.87 ; εἶναι ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων to be one of the wealthy, Pl.Grg.525e ; ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Ζεὺς ἄλγε᾽ ἔδωκεν to me out of (i.e. above) all, Il. 18.431, cf. 432 ; “ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα” 4.96, cf. S.Ant. 1137 (lyr.), etc. ; redundant, “εἷς τῶν ἐκ τῶν φίλων σου” LXX Jd.15.2.
5. of Position, outside of, beyond, chiefly in early writers, ἐκ βελέων out of shot, Il.14.130, etc. ; ἐκ καπνοῦ out of the smoke, Od.19.7 ; ἐκ πατρίδος banished from one's country, 15.272 ; ἐκ μεσου κατῆστο sate down apart from the company, Hdt.3.83 ; ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι out of its accustomed quarters, Id.2.142; ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν out of sight, Id.5.24 ; ἐξ ὁδοῦ out of the road, S.OC113.
6. with Verbs of Rest, where previous motion is implied, on, in, δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθος..πῦρ lighted a fire from (i.e. on) his helmet, Il.5.4 ; ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα ϝίζετο washed his body in the river (with water from the river), Od.6.224 : freq. with Verbs signifying hang or fasten, σειρήν..ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες having hung a chain from heaven, Il.8.19 ; ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre from (i.e. on) the peg, Od.8.67 ; ἀνάπτεσθαι ἔκ τινος fasten from i.e. upon) a thing, 12.51 ; “μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων” Il.18.598 ; πρισθεὶς ἐξ ἀντύγων gripped to the chariot-rail, S.Aj.1030, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἵππον ἐπέλκουσα leading it [by a rein] upon her arm, Hdt.5.12 : with Verbs signifying hold, lead, ἐξ ἐκείνων ἔχειν τὰς ἐλπίδας to have their hopes dependent upon them, Th.1.84 ; ἐκ χειρὸς ἄγειν lead by the hand, Bion Fr.7.2 ; ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι ib.6.2 ; “ἐκ τῆς οὐρᾶς λαμβάνεσθαι” Luc.Asin.23 : with the Art. indicating the place of origin, οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι the robbers of the islands, Th.1.8, cf. 2.5, 13 ; τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας those in the sea-fight, Pl. Ap.32b ; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν those in the tents, D.18.169 ; “ἁρπασόμενοι τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν” X.Cyr.7.2.5 ; “οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἔθεον” Id.An. 4.6.25 : even with Verbs of sitting or standing, εἰσεῖδε στᾶσ᾽ ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο from Olympus where she stood, Il.14.154 ; καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit on the heights and look from them, S.Ant.411 ; “στὰς ἐξ ἐπάλξεων ἄκρων” E.Ph.1009 ; ἐκ βυθοῦ at the bottom, Theoc.22.40 : phrases, ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς, on the right, left, X.Cyr.8.3.10, etc.; οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας, οἱ ἐκ πλαγίοὐ ib.7.1.20 ; ἐκ θαλάσσης, opp. ἐκ τῆς μεσογείας, D.18.301.
II. OF TIME, elliptic with Pron. relat. and demonstr., ἐξ οὗ [χρόνου] since, Il.1.6, Od.2.27, etc.; in apod., ἐκ τοῦ from that time, Il.8.296 ; “ἐκ τούτου” X.An.5.8.15, etc. (but ἐκ τοῖο thereafter, Il.1.493, and ἐκ τούτων or ἐκ τῶνδε usu. after this, X.Mem.2.9.4, S.OT235) ; “ἐξ ἐκείνου” Th.2.15 ; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) for a long time, Id.1.68, etc.; “ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου” Id.8.45 ; ἐκ πλείστου ib.68 ; ἐξ ὀλίγου at short notice, Id.2.11 (but also a short time since, Plu.Caes.28) ; “ἐκ παλαιοῦ” X.Mem.3.5.8 ; “ἐκ παλαιτάτου” Th.1.18.
2. of particular points of time, “ἐκ νεότητος..ἐς γῆρας” Il.14.86 ; “ἐκ γενετῆς” 24.535 ; ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός, from boyhood, Pl.Grg.510d, R.374c, etc.; “ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου” D.53.19 ; “ἐξ ἀρχῆς” A.Eu.284, etc.; καύματος ἔξ after hot weather, Il.5.865; νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης after clear weather, 16.365 ; “ἐκ δὲ αἰθρίης καὶ νηνεμίης συνδραμεῖν ἐξαπίνης νέφεα” Hdt.1.87 ; so (like ἀπό II) ἐκ τῆς θυσίης γενέσθαι to have just finished sacrifice, ib.50, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου after breakfast, X.An.4.6.21 ; ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν to go to war after peace, Th. 1.120 ; “γελάσαι ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δακρύων” X.Cyr.1.4.28 ; “κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰσιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος” A.Ag.900 ; “τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκ Διονυσίων πλόϊμον εἶναι” Thphr.Char.3.3 ; ἐκ χειμῶνος at the end of winter, Plu. Nic.20.
3. at, in, “ἐκ νυκτῶν” Od.12.286 ; “ἐκ νυκτός” X.Cyr.1.4.2, etc.; “ἐξ ἡμέρας” S.El.780 ; “ἐκ μέσω ἄματος” Theoc.10.5 ; ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ or ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν for the future, X.Smp.4.56, Pl.Lg.709e.
III. OF ORIGIN,
1. of Material, out of or of which things are made, “γίγνεταί τι ἔκ τινος” Parm.8.12 ; “ποιέεσθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα” Hdt.1.194 ; “πίνοντας ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ” A.Supp.953 ; “εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος” Pl.R. 616c ; “ἐκ λευκῶ ἐλέφαντος αἰετοί” Theoc.15.123 ; “στράτευμα ἀλκιμώτατον ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ παιδικῶν” X.Smp.8.32 ; συνετάττετο ἐκ τῶν ἔτι προσιόντων formed line of battle from the troops as they marched up, Id.An.1.8.14.
2. of Parentage, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι, etc., Il. 20.106,6.206, etc.; ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί (where γένος is acc. abs.) 5.896 ; “σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης” 19.111 ; “ὦ παῖ πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέως” S.Ph.260 ; “πίρωμις ἐκ πιρώμιος” Hdt.2.143 ; “ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν” Pl.Phdr.246a ; “τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς μητρός” S.Ant.466, etc.
3. of Place of Origin or Birth, “ἐκ Σιδῶνος..εὔχομαι εἶναι” Od.15.425, cf. Th.1.25, etc.; “ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί” Ev.Jo.8.23; ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλή the Areopagus, Arist.Ath.4.4, etc. ; “οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης” Aeschin.1.54 ; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Περιπάτου the Peripatetics, Luc.Pisc.43 ; ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας the Academic, Ath.1.34b ; “οἱ ἐκ πίστεως” Ep.Gal.3.7 ; “οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας” Ep.Rom.2.8.
4. of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ, τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν, Il.1.63,2.197, cf. Od.1.33, A.Pers.707, etc.; θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων death by the hand of the suitors, Od.16.447 ; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls built by them, Hdt.2.148 ; κίνημα ἐξ αὑτοῦ spontaneous motion, Plot.6.1.21 ; “ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων” A.Eu.331 (lyr.) ; “ἡ ἐξ ἐμοῦ δυσβουλία” S.Ant.95 ; “ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ πόθος” Id.Tr.631.
5. with the agent after Pass. Verbs, by, Poet. and early Prose, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved of (i.e.by) Zeus, Il.2.669 ; κήδε᾽ ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός ib. 70; “προδεδόσθαι ἐκ Πρηξάσπεος” Hdt.3.62; “τὰ λεχθέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου” Id.7.175, cf. S.El.124 (lyr.), Ant.93, Th.3.69, Pl.Ti.47b; “ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφισβητήσεται” Id.Tht.171b; “ὁμολογουμένους ἐκ πάντων” X.An.2.6.1 ; “τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας” S.Ph.1316, cf. Pl.Ly.204c : with neut. Verbs, “ἐκ..πατρὸς κακὰ πείσομαι” Od.2.134, cf. A.Pr.759 ; “τλῆναί τι ἔκ τινος” Il.5.384 ; “θνήσκειν ἔκ τινος” S.El.579, OT854, etc.; “τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων” Hdt.1.1.
6. of Cause, Instrument, or Means by which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος in consequence of our fathers' friendship, Od.15.197 ; “μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς” 3.135 ; “ἐξ ἔριδος” Il. 7.111 ; “τελευτῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος” Hdt.3.29 ; ἐκ τίνος λόγου; E. Andr.548 ; ἐκ τοῦ; wherefore? Id.Hel.93 ; “λέξον ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης” X. An.5.8.4 ; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends of (i.e. by means of).., Ev.Luc.16.9 ; “ζῆν ἔκ τινος” X. HG3.2.11 codd.; “ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων τρέφειν ἐμαυτόν” Isoc.15.152 ; “ἐκ τόξων ἀνύσαι γαστρὶ φορβάν” S.Ph.710 (lyr.).
7. in accordance with, ἐκ τῶν “λογίων” Hdt.1.64 ; “ὁ ἐκ τῶν νόμων χρόνος” D.24.28 ; “ἐκ κελεύματος” A. Pers.397, cf. Sophr.25 ; “ἐκ τῶν ξυγκειμένων” Th.5.25 ; ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ib.40, etc.; “ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρινόμενοι” X.Cyr.2.2.21, cf. A.Pr.485.
8. freq. as periphr. for Adv., “ἐκ προνοίας” IG12.115.11 ; ἐκ βίας by force, S.Ph.563 ; “ἐκ δόλου” Id.El.279 ; “ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ζητεῖν” Pl.R.499a : esp. with neut. Adjs., ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο, = ἀγχίμολον, Il.24.352 ; “ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανέος” Hdt.3.150; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς, Th.4.106, 6.73 ; “ἐκ προδήλου” S.El.1429 ; ἐξ ἴσου, ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου, Id.Tr.485, Th.2.3 ; “ἐξ ἀέλπτου” Hdt.1.111, etc.: with fem. Adj., “ἐκ τῆς ἰθέης” Id.3.127 ; “ἐκ νέης” Id.5.116 ; “ἐξ ὑστέρης” Id.6.85 ; “ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης” Id.8.6 ; “ἐκ καινῆς” Th.3.92 ; “ἐξ ἑκουσίας” S.Tr.727 ; ἐκ ταχείας ib.395.
9. of Number or Measurement, with numerals, ἐκ τρίτων in the third place, E.Or.1178, Pl.Grg.500a, Smp.213b ; distributively, apiece, Ath.15.671b.
b. of Price, “ἐξ ὀκτὼ ὀβολῶν” SIG2587.206 ; ἐκ τριῶν δραχμῶν ib.283 ; “συμφωνήσας ἐκ δηναρίου” Ev.Matt.20.2.
c. of Weight, “ἐπιπέμματα ἐξ ἡμιχοινικίου” Inscr.Prien.362 (iv B.C.).
B. ἐκ is freq. separated from its CASE, Il.11.109, etc.—It takes an accent in anastrophe, 14.472, Od.17.518.—Ep. use it with Advbs. in -θεν, ἐξ οὐρανόθεν, ἐξ ἁλόθεν, ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν, Il.17.548, 21.335, 8.304 ; “ἐκ Διόθεν” Hes.Op.765 ; “ἐκ πρῴρηθεν” Theoc.22.11.—It is combined with other Preps. to make the sense more definite, as διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.
C. IN COMPOS. the sense of removal prevails ; out, away, off.
2. to express completion, like our utterly, ἐκπέρθω, ἐξαλαπάζω, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐκδιδάσκω, ἐκδιψάω, ἐκδωριεύομαι, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐξομματόω, ἔκλευκος, ἔκπικρος.
D. As ADVERB, therefrom, Il.18.480.
