Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

A.“εἰν” S.Ant. 1241; “εἰνί” E.Heracl.893: Arc. and Cypr. ἰν IG5(2).3.5, al., Inscr.Cypr.135.9 H., al.

0-0.PREP. WITH DAT. AND ACC. Radical sense, in, into.

A. WITH DAT.

I. OF PLACE,

1. in, “νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ” Od.1.50; “ἐν δώμασ᾽ ἐμοῖσιν” Il.6.221; “ἐνὶ προθύροισιν” 11.777; “κοίλῃσ᾽ ἐνὶ νηυσί” Od.2.27; with names of cities or islands, as ἐν Ἀθήνῃς, ἐν Τροίῃ, Il.2.549, 162; “ἡ ἐν Κερκύρᾳ ναυμαχία” Th.1.57; “ἡ ἐν Σαλαμῖνι μάχη” Isoc.5.147 (but in Att. the Prep.is sts.omitted, as with Ἐλευσῖνι, Μαραθῶνι; where ἐν is used, it = in the district of . ., “ὲν Ἐλευσῖνι” IG22.1028.11, ἐμ Μαραθῶνι ib.1243.21): ἐν χερσὶν ἐμῇσι in my arms, Il.22.426; “ἐνὶ θυμῷ” Od.16.331, etc.; ἐν αὑτῷ εἶναι to be in one's senses, be oneself, ἔτ᾽ ἐν σαυτῷ (v.l. -τοῦ）“ γενοῦ” S.Ph.950; also ἐν αὑτοῦ, cf. signf. 2.

b. ἐν τοῖς ἰχθύσιν in the fish-market, Antiph.125; “ἐν τῷ μύρῳ” Ar.Eq.1375; so ἐν τοῖν δυοῖν ὀβολοῖν ἐθεώρουν ἄν in the two-obol seats, D.18.28.

2. elliptic, in such phrases as “ἐν Ἀλκινόοιο” Od.7.132, cf.Leg.Gort.2.21, etc.; “εἰν Ἀΐδαο” Il.22.389, Att. ἐν Ἅιδου (v. Ἅιδης): later “ἐν τοῖς τινός” PRev.Laws 38.1 (iii B. C.), Ev.Luc.2.49; “ἐν ἡμετέρου” Hdt.1.35, 7.8.“δ᾽; ἐμ Πανδίονος” IG22.1138.8; ἐν Δημοτιωνιδῶν ib.2.841b21; ἐν τῶν πόλεων ib. 12.56.14: mostly with pr.n., but sts. with Appellatives, as, “ἐν ἀφνειοῦ πατρός” Il.6.47; “ἐν ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβεστάτου” E.IA926; ἐν παιδοτρίβου, ἐν κιθαριστοῦ, at the school of . ., Ar.Nu.973, Pl.Tht.206a; ἐν γειτόνων (v. γείτων） ἐν αὑτοῦ （αὑτῷ cod. Rav.) Ar.V.642, cf. Men.Sam.125; “οὐκέτ᾽ ἐν ἐμαυτοῦ ἦν” Pl.Chrm.155d; “ἐν ὑμῶν αὐτῶν γένεσθε” Lib.Or. 35.15.

3. in, within, surrounded by, “οὐρανὸς ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι” Il.15.192; after Hom., of clothing, armour, etc., “ἐν ἐσθῆτι” Hdt.2.159; “ἐν πεπλώματι” S.Tr.613; “ἐν ἔντεσι” Pi.O.4.24; ἐν ὅπλοισι in or under arms, Hdt.1.13, etc.; also of particular kinds of arms, ἐν τόξοις, ἀκοντίοις, etc., equipped with them, dub.in X.Mem.3.9.2; “ἐν μαχαίρῃ” PTeb. 16.14 (ii B. C.); “ἐν μεγάλοις φορτίοις βαδίζειν καὶ τρέχειν” X. Cyr.2.3.14; “ἐν βαθεῖ πώγωνι” Luc.Salt.5.

4. on, at or by, “ἐν ποταμῷ” Il. 18.521, Od.5.466; “ἐν ὄρεσσιν” 19.205; “οὔρεος ἐν κορυφῇς” Il.2.456; “ἐν θρόνοις” Od.8.422; νευρὴ ἐν τόξῳ the string on the bow, Il.15.463; “ἐν [ξίφει] ἧλοι” 11.29; κατεκλάσθη ἐνὶ καυλῷ ἔγχος was broken off at or by the shaft, 13.608; “ἐν πέτροισι πέτρον ἐκτρίβων” S.Ph.296; ἐν οἴνῳ at wine, prob. in Call.Epigr.23, Luc.Dem.Enc.15.

5. in the number of, amongst, freq.in Hom., ἐν Δαναοῖσι, προμάχοισι, μέσσοισιν, νεκύεσσι, Il.1.109, 3.31, 7.384, Od. 12.383, al.; “οἴη ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν” Il. 1.398; and with Verbs of ruling, “ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ᾽” 13.689; “ἀνδράσιν ἐν πολλοῖσι . . ἀνάσσων” Od.19.110; “φῦλον ἐν ἀνθρώποισι ματαιότατον” Pi.P.3.21; “ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοισιν ἀνὴρ χρηστός” S.Ant.661; “ἐν γυναιξὶν ἄλκιμος” E.Or.754:—for ἐν τοῖς c. Sup., V. ὁ.

b. in the presence of, “ἐν πᾶσι” Od.2.194; “πτωχὸς ὢν ἐν ἐσθλοῖσιν λέγειν” E.Fr. 703; “λέγοντες ἐν τῷ δήμῳ” Pl.R.565b; “μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσι” Th.2.36; “ἔλεγον ἐν τοῖς τριάκοντα” Lys.12.6; “ἐν τοῖς ὄχλοις εἰπεῖν” Isoc.3.21; λέγειν ἐν ἀνδράσιν (of a woman) Lys.32.11; of a trial, διαγωνίζεσθαι, διαδικάζεσθαι ἔν τισι, Pl.Grg.464d, Lg.916b; “προὐκαλούμην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς δικασταῖς” Antipho6.23.

6. in one's hands, within one's reach or power, “νίκης πείρατ᾽ ἔχονται ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι” Il.7.102; “δύναμις γὰρ ἐν ὑμῖν” Od.10.69 (comp. the Homeric phrases “θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται” Il.17.514; “ἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου” 16.630); freq. in Hdt. and Att., ἔστιν ἔν τινι, c. inf., it depends on him to . ., rests with him to . ., “ἔστιν ἐν σοὶ ἢ . . ἤ . .” Hdt.6.109, cf. 3.85, etc.; “ταῦτα δ᾽ ἐν τῷ δαίμονι καὶ τῇδε φῦναι χἁτέρᾳ” S.OC1443; “ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν” Id.OT314; “ἐν σοὶ δ᾽ ἐσμὲν καὶ ζῆν καὶ μή” E.Alc.278; “ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ πράγματα ἐγένετο” Th.1.74; “ἐν τῷ θεῷ τὸ τέλος ἦν, οὐκ ἐμοί” D.18.193; also ἐν τούτῳ εἰσὶν πᾶσαι αἱ ἀποδείξεις depend on this, Pl.Prt.354e; ἐν τούτῳ λύεται ἡ ἀπορία ἢ ἄλλοθι οὐδαμοῦ ib.321e; ἔν γ᾽ ἐμοί so far as rests with me, S.OC153 (lyr.); “ἐν δὲ σοὶ λελείψομαι” E.Hipp.324; also ἐν ἐμοί in my judgement, S.OC1214 (lyr.); ἐν θεοῖς καλά in the eyes of the gods, Id.Ant.925.

7. in respect of, “ἐν πάντεσσ᾽ ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα” Il.23.671; ἐν γήρᾳ σύμμετρός τινι in point of age . ., S. OT1112; ἐν ἐμοὶ θρασύς in my case, towards me, Id.Aj.1315; ἐν θανοῦσιν ὑβριστής ib.1092; ἡ ἐν τ<*>οῖς ὅπλοις μάθησις Pl.La.190d; also οὐδὲν δεινὸν μὴ ἐν ἐμοὶ στῇ stop with me, Id.Ap.28b.

8. in a pregnant construction with Verbs of motion, into; implying both motion to and subsequent position in a place, ἐν κονίῃσι χαμαὶ πέσεν fell [to the dust and lay] in it, Il.4.482, etc.; “βάλον ἐν κονίῃσι” 5.588; “νηῒ δ᾽ ἐνὶ πρύμνῃ ἔναρα θῆκ᾽” 10.570; “ἐν χερσὶ τιθέναι” 1.441, etc.; “ἐν χερσὶ βαλεῖν” 5.574; ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βαλεῖν ib.513; “ἐν Τρωσὶν ὄρουσαν” 16.258; “ἐν χερσὶ πεσέειν” 6.81; “λέων ἐν βουσὶ θορών” 5.161; “ἐν δ᾽ οἶνον ἔχευεν ἐν δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ” Od.20.261; “ἐν τεύχεσσιν ἔδυνον” Il.23.131: in Trag. and Att., “ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων” S.Aj.184 (lyr.), cf. 374 (lyr.); “ἐν χωρίῳ ἐμπεπτωκώς” Th.7.87; “ἡ ἐν τῷ Σπειραίῳ τῶν νεῶν καταφυγή” Id.8.11; “ἐν τόπῳ καταπεφευγέναι” Pl.Sph.260c; “ἐν ᾄδου διαπορευθείς” Id.Lg.905b; “ῥιπτοῦντες σφᾶς ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ” Arr.An.1.19.4; later, with Verbs of coming and going, “διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ” Paus.7.4.3, cf. LXX To.5.5, Arr.Epict.1.11.32, etc.: τὸν ἐν Σικελίᾳ πλοῦν is f.l. in Lys. 19.43 codd.

9. πίνειν ἐν ποτηρίῳ to drink from a cup, Luc.DDeor. 6.2; “ἐν ἀργύρῳ πίνειν” Id.Merc.Cond.26; “ἐν μικροῖς” D.L.1.104.

10. ἄργυρος ἐν ἐκπώμασι silver in the form of plate, Plu.2.260a; ἐμ φέρνῃ, ἐν θέματι, as a dowry, pledge, PPetr.1p.37, PTeb.120.125 (i B. C.).

11. in citations, ἐν τοῦ σκήπτρου τῇ παραδόσει in the passage of the Il. describing this, Th.1.9, cf. Pl.Tht.147c, Phlb.33b.

II. OF STATE, CONDITION or POSITION:

1. of outward circumstances, “ἐν πολέμῳ” Od.10.553; “ἐν δαιτί” Il.4.259; “ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ” 9.378; “ἐν μοίρῃ” Od.22.54; “οὑμὸς ἐν φάει βίος” E.Ph.1281; ἐν γένει εἶναί τινι to be related to . ., S.OT1016; of occupations, pursuits, ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εἶναι to be engaged in philosophy, Pl.Phd.59a, cf. R.489b; οἱ ἐν ποιήσι γενόμενοι poets, Hdt.2.82; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι ministers of state, Th.3.28; οἱ ἐν τέλει the magistrates, Id.7.73, etc.; “τοὺς ἐν ταῖς μοναρχίαις ὄντας” Isoc.2.5; “ὁ ἐν ταῖς προσόδοις” PPetr.1p.62; ὁ μάντις ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ in the practice of it, S.OT562.

2. of inward states, of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν δοιῇ, Il.7.302,9.230; “ἐν φόβῳ γενέσθαι” Pl.R.578e; “οὐκ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ τὰ σά” E.Ph.1276; “ἐν σιωπῇ τἀμά” Id.Ion 1397; ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, Th.2.21; ἐν ἔριδι εἶναι ibid.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ σχεῖν τινά to blame him, Hdt.5.106; “ἐν αἰτίᾳ βαλεῖν” S.OT656 (lyr.); ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι to have the blame, X.Mem. 2.8.9, etc.; “οἱ ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαις” D.Ep.2.14.

3. freq. with neut. Adj., ἐν βραχεῖ, = βραχέως, S.El.673; ἐν τάχει, = ταχέως, Id.OT765, etc.; ἐν καλῷ ἐστί, = καλῶς ἔχει, E.Heracl.971; ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ [ἐστί] Id.IT 762; ἐν εὐμαρεῖ [ἐστί] Id.Hel.1227; “ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιήσασθαι” Hdt.3.154; ἐν ἴσῳ, = ἴσως, ἐν ὁμοίῳ, = ὁμοίως, Th.2.53: less freq. in pl., ἐν ἀργοῖς, = ἀργῶς, S.OT287; ἐν κενοῖς, = κενῶς, Id.Aj.971: with a Subst., ἐν δίκᾳ, = δικαίως, opp. παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.O.2.16, cf. S.Tr.1069, Ar.Eq.258, Pl.R.475c, al.; “ἦσαν οὐκέτι ὁμοίως ἐν ἡδονῇ ἄρχοντες” Th.1.99, cf. Pl. Epin.977b.

III. OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, “ἐν πυρὶ πρήσαντες” Il.7.429; “δῆσαι ἐνὶ δεσμῷ” 5.386, cf. Od.12.54, etc.; but in most cases the orig. sense may be traced, to put in the fire and burn, infetters and bind, etc.; so “ἐν πόνοις δαμέντα” A.Pr.425 (lyr.); ἔζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα ib.462; “ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖ” Id.Th.414; also ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶσθαι, ἰδέσθαι, to see with or before one's eyes, i.e. have the object in one's eye, Il.3.306, Od.10.385, etc.; “ἔν τε τῇ ὄψει διαγιγνώσκειν καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀκοῇ” Pl.Tht.206a; also “ἐν ὠσὶ νωμῶν ὄρνιθας” A.Th.25; also ἐν λιταῖς by prayers, S.Ph.60; ἐν δόλῳ by deceit, ib.102; ἐν λόγοις by words, A.Ch.613 (lyr.); “ἀπέκτειναν ἐν τῇ προφάσει ταύτῃ” Lys.13.12, cf. Antipho 5.59; “ψαύειν ἐν κερτομίοις γλώσσαις” S.Ant.961 (lyr.); “ἐν τοῖς ὁμοίοις νόμοις ποιήσαντες τὰς κρίσεις” Th.1.77; esp. with Verbs of showing, “σημαίνειν ἐν ἱεροῖς καὶ οἰωνοῖς” X.Cyr.8.7.3; τὰ πραχθέντα . . ἐν . . ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε ye know by letters, Th.7.11; “ἐν τῇδε ῥάβδῳ πάντα ποιήσεις” Ezek.Exag.132, cf. PMag.Osl.1.108.

2. of a personal instrument, “ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια” Ev.Matt.9.34.

IV. OF TIME, “ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ” Il.16.643; “ἐν νυκτί” Hdt.6.69, X. Smp.1.9; “ἐν χρόνῳ μακρῷ” S.Ph.235, OC88; ἐν τούτῳ (sc. τῷ χρόνῶ) in this space of time, Hdt.1.126, etc.; ἐν ᾧ (sc. χρόνῳ) during the time that, S.Tr.929, etc. (also “ἐν οἷς” Arist.Mu.391a2); “ἐν ὅσῳ” Th.3.28; ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς in the time of the truce, X.An.3.1.1; “ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ” Th.7.73 (but in some phrases the ἐν is omitted, as μυστηρίοις in the course of the mysteries, Ar.Pl.1013; τραγῳδοῖς at the performance of . ., Aeschin.3.36).

b. ἐν ἄρχοντι Μητροδώρῳ during the archonship of M., IG7.1773 (Thebes, ii A. D.); ἐν ἄρχοντι Σύλλᾳ ib.3.113.

2. in, within, “ἐν ἡμέρῃ” Hdt.1.126; “ἐν ἔτεσι πεντήκοντα” Th.1.118; “ἐν τρισὶ μησί” X.HG1.1.37, etc.; μυρίαις ἐν ἁμέραις in, i.e. after, countless days, E.Ph.305 (lyr.); “ἐν ἡμέραις πολλαῖς νοσῆσαι” Procop.Arc.9.35.

V. OF NUMBERS generally, ἐν δυσὶ σταδίοις within two stadia, D.S.20.74, cf. 19.39, dub. in Th.6.1.

2. with gen. of price, “ἐν δύο ταλάντων” LXX 3 Ki.16.24.

3. amounting to, “προῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις” BGU970.14 (ii A. D.), etc.

B. WITH Acc., into, on, for, Arc. “ἰν, νόμος ἰν ἄματα πάντα” IG5 (2).5; γράψαι ἐν χάλκωμα ib.511; ἐν πελτοφόρας ἀπεγράψατο ib.7.210 (Aegosthenae), etc.; also poet., “ἐν πάντα νόμον” Pi.P.2.86.

C. WITHOUT CASE, AS ADVERB, in the phrase ἐν δέ . . ,

1. and therein, Il.9.361; “ἐν μέν . . ἐν δέ” Od.13.244.

2. and among them, Il.2.588, etc.; in Hdt., mostly ἐν δὲ δή . . 3.39, 5.95; or “ἐν δὲ καί . .” 2.43,172,176.

3. and besides, moreover (not in Att. Prose), S.Aj. 675, OT181 (lyr.), al.; “ἐν δ᾽ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ᾽ ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ” Od.5.260.

4. ἔνι, = ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι, Il.20.248, etc.

D. POSITION: ἐν freq. stands between its Subst. and the Adj. agreeing therewith, Il.22.61, B.5.41, etc.: without an Adj., “τῷ δ᾽ ἐν ἐρινεός ἐστι μέγας” Od.12.103: most freq. in Hom. in the form ἐνί, which is then written by anastrophe ἔνι, Il.7.221, Od.5.57; in Pi. between Subst. and gen., “χόρτοις ἐν λέοντος” O.13.44, al.--One or more independent words sts. come between the Prep. and its dat., as in Od.11.115; also in Prose, Hdt.6.69.

E. IN COMPOS.,

I. with Verbs, the Prep. mostly retains its sense of being in or at a place, etc., c. dat., or folld. by εἰς . . , or ἐν . .: in such forms as ἐνορᾶν τινί τι, in translating, we resolve the compd., to remark a thing in one.

b. also, at a person, ἐγγελᾶν, ἐνυβρίζειν τινί.

2. with Adjs., it expresses

a. a modified degree, as in ἔμπηλος, ἔμπικρος, ἔνσιμος, rather . . .

b. the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμος with blood in it, ἐνάκανθος thorny: ἔμφωνος with a voice: ἔννομος in accordance with law, etc.

II. ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ψ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ Χ; ἐλ- before λ; ἐρ- before ρ; rarely ἐσ- before ς; but Inscrr. and Papyri often preserve ἐν- in all these cases.