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εἰς or ἐς , PREP. WITH ACC. ONLY:—both forms are found in Hom., Ion. poets, and early metrical Inscrr.; ἐς is best attested in Hdt. and Hp., and is found in nearly all early Ion. Inscrr. (exc. IG12(8).262.16 (Thasos, v B. C.), ib.7.235.1 (Oropus, iv B. C.)); εἰς in Att. Inscrr. from iv B. C., IG2.115, etc.; and usu. in Att. Prose (exc. Th.) and Com. (exc. in parody): Trag. apptly. prefer εἰς, but ἐς is used before vowels metri gr.; ἐς was retained in the phrases ἐς κόρακας (whence the Verb σκορακίζω, ἐς μακαρίαν. Aeol. poets have εἰς before vowels, ἐς before consonants, and this is given as the rule in Hom. by An.Ox. 1.172, cf. Hellad. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.533B. (Orig. ἐνς, as in IG4.554.7 (Argos), GDI4986.11 (Crete); cf. ἐν, ἰν. The diphthong is genuine in Aeol. εἰς, but spurious in Att.-Ion.) Radical sense
A.into, and then more loosely, to:
I. OF PLACE, the oldest and commonest usage, εἰς ἅλα into or to the sea, Il.1.141, al.; “εἰς ἅλαδεOd.10.351; “ἔς ῥ᾽ ἀσαμίνθους4.48; ἐς οἶνον βάλε φάρμακον ib.220; freq. of places, to, “εἰς Εὔβοιαν3.174; ἐς Αἴγυπτον, etc., Hdt.1.5, etc.; ἐς Μίλητον into the territory of Miletus, ib.14; “εἰς Ἑλλήσποντον εἰσέπλειX.HG1.1.2; “ἀφίκετο εἰς Μήδους πρὸς ΚυαξάρηνId.Cyr.2.1.2; εἰς ἅρματα βαίνειν to step into . . , Il.8.115; “εἰς ἐλάτην ἀναβῆναι14.287; opp. ἐκ, in such phrases as ἐς σφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, from heel to ankle-joint, from head to foot, 22.397, 23.169; “ἐκ πάτου ἐς σκοπιήν20.137; “ἐς μυχὸν ἐξ οὐδοῦOd.7.87; κἠς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος from year to year, Theoc. 18.15: with Verbs implying motion or direction, as of looking, “ἰδεῖν εἰς οὐρανόνIl.3.364; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι to look in the face, 9.373, etc.; εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν he is like in face (sc. ἰδόντι), 3.158, etc.; ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος ἐλθεῖν to come before another's eyes, 24.204; “ἐς ὄψιν ἀπικνέεσθαί τινοςHdt.1.136; “καλέσαι τινὰ ἐς ὄψινId.5.106, etc.; ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥκειν come to the same point, E.Hipp.273: less freq. after a Subst., “ὁδὸς ἐς λαύρηνOd.22.128; τὸ ἐς Παλλήνην τεῖχος facing Pallene, Th.1.56; “ξύνοδος ἐς τὴν ΔῆλονId.3.104, cf.Pl.Tht.173d.
b. Ep. and Ion., also c. acc. pers. (Att. ὡς, πρός, παρά), Il.7.312, 15.402, Od.14.127, Hdt.4.147; also in Att. with collective Nouns, “ἐς τὸν δῆμον παρελθόντεςTh. 5.45, or plurals, “εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσῆλθονD.18.103; esp. of consulting an oracle, “ἐς θεὸν ἐλθεῖνPi.O.7.31; “εἰς Ἄμμων᾽ ἐλθόντεςAr.Av.619.
4. elliptical usages,
a. after Verbs which have no sense of motion to or into a place, τὴν πόλιν ἐξέλιπον εἰς χωρίον ὀχυρόν they quitted the city for a strong position, i.e. to seek a strong position, X.An.1.2.24; γράμματα ἑάλωσαν εἰς Ἀθήνας letters were captured [and sent] to Athens, Id.HG1.1.23, cf. Pl.R. 468a; “ἀνίστασθαι ἐς ἌργοςE.Heracl.59, cf. Pl.Phd.116a.
b. participles signifying motion are freq. omitted with εἰς, τοῖς στρατηγοῖς τοῖς εἰς Σικελίαν (sc. ἀποδειχθεῖσιν) And.1.11, etc.
II. OF TIME,
1. to denote a certain point or limit of time, up to, until, “ἐς ἠῶOd.11.375; ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα till sunset, 9.161 (but also, towards or near sunset, 3.138); “ἐκ νεότητος ἐς γῆραςIl.14.86; “ἐκ παιδὸς ἐς γῆραςAeschin.1.180; ἐς ἐμέ up to my time, Hdt.1.92, al.: with Advbs., εἰς ὅτε (cf. ἔς τε) against the time when . . , Od.2.99; εἰς πότε; until when ? how long ? S.Aj.1185 (lyr., cf. “εἰσόκἐ; εἰς ὁπότεAeschin.3.99; ἐς τί; = εἰς πότε; Il.5.465; ἐς until, Hdt.1.93, etc.; “ἐς οὗId.1.67, 3.31, etc.; “ἐς τόδεId.7.29, etc.
2. to determine a period, εἰς ἐνιαυτόν for a year, i.e. a whole year, Il.19.32, Od.4.526; within the year, ib.86 (cf. “ἐς ἐνίαυτονAlc.Supp.8.12); “εἰς ὥραςOd.9.135; ἐς θέρος ἐς ὀπώρην for the summer, i.e. throughout it, 14.384; εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν κειμένη δαπάνη εἰς τὸν μῆνα δαπανᾶται the expenditure for a year is expended in the month, X.Oec.7.36; “μισθοδοτεῖν τινὰς εἰς ἓξ μῆναςD.S.19.15; “χοίνικα κριθῶν εἰς τέσσαρας ἡμέρας διεμέτρειPosidon. 36J.; εἰς ἑσπέραν ἥκειν to come at even, Ar.Pl.998; εἰς τρίτην ἡμέραν or εἰς τρίτην alone, on the third day, in two days, Pl.Hp.Ma.286b, X.Cyr.5.3.27; “ἥκειν ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίανId.An.2.3.25; “ἥκειν εἰς τὸ ἔαρHell.Oxy.17.4; ἐς τέλος at last, Hdt.3.40; ἐς καιρόν in season, Id.4.139; οὐκ ἐς ἀναβολάς, ἀμβολάς, with no delay, Id.8.21, E.Heracl.270, etc.; ἐς τότε at this time, v.l. in Od.7.317 (but εἰς τότε at that time (in the fut.), D.14.24, Pl.Lg.830b); ἐς ὕστερον or τὸ ὕστερον, Od.12.126, Th.2.20: with Advbs., “ἐς αὔριονIl.8.538, Pl. Lg.858b; “ἔς περ ὀπίσσωOd.20.199; “ἐς αὖθιςTh.4.63 (v. εἰσαῦθις; ἐς αὐτίκα μάλ' Ar.Pax 367; εἰς ἔπειτα (v. εἰσέπειτα; ἐς τὸ ., Th.2.64; “ἐς ὀψέId.8.23; εἰς ἅπαξ, v. εἰσάπαξ; εἰς ἔτι, v. εἰσέτι.
2. freq. with Numerals, “ἐς τριακάδας δέκα ναῶνA.Pers.339; ναῦς ἐς τὰς τετρακοσίας, διακοσίας, to the number of 400, etc., Th.1.74, 100, etc.; εἰς ἕνα, εἰς δύο, εἰς τέσσαρας, one, two, four deep, X.Cyr.2.3.21; but εἰς τέσσαρας four abreast, Aen.Tact.40.6: with Advbs., ἐς τρίς or ἐστρίς thrice, Pi.O.2.68, Hdt.1.86; of round numbers, about, X.An.1.1.10.
3. distributive, εἰς φυλάς by tribes, LXX 1 Ki.10.21, cf. 2 Ki.18.4.
b. of the subject of a work, esp. in titles, e.g. “τὰ ἐς ἈπολλώνιονPhilostr. VA; of the object of a dedication, as in titles of hymns, ἐπινίκια, etc.
B. POSITION: εἰς is sts. parted from its acc. by several words, “εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτηνIl.8.115; “εἰς δὲ μονάρχου δῆμος ἀϊδρίῃ δουλοσύνην ἔπεσενSol.9: seldom (only in Poets) put after its case, Il.15.59, Od.3.137,15.541, S.OC126(lyr.): after an Adv., “αὔριον ἔς: τῆμος δὲ..Od.7.318.
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