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φθίω , ἔφθιον, each once in Hom. (v. infr. 1.2), the common pres. being φθίνω , Od.5.161, al. (also φθινύθω , q. v.): impf.
A.“ἔφθι^νον” Hdt.3.29, Pl.Ti.77a: fut. and aor. φθ（ε）ίσω, ἔφθ（ε）ισα and ἔφθι^σα (v. infr. 11): pf. ἔφθι^κα v. l. in Dsc.Praef.6 (cf. φθινάω), (ἀπ-) Them.Or.28.341d:—Med. and Pass. (in same sense), fut. φθίσομαι (leg. φθείσομαι, in view of φθείσω, v. infr. 11) Il.11.821 (φθειται PGen. (ii B. C.)), 19.329, 24.86 (v.l.), Od.13.384: aor. 1 φθίσασθαι （ἀπο-) Q.S. 14.545: 3pl. aor. Pass. ἔφθι^θεν, v. ἀποφθίνω: aor. 2 “ἐφθίμην, ἔφθι^σο” A.Th.971 (lyr.); “ἔφθι^το” Il.18.100, Thgn.1141 (nisi leg. ἔφθιται), A.Eu.458, S.OT962, E.Alc.414 (lyr.); 3pl. “ἐφθίατο” Il.1.251; imper. 3sg. φθίσθω （ἀπο-) 8.429; Ep. subj. “φθίεται” 20.173, “φθιόμεσθα” 14.87; opt. φθίμην （ἀπο-) Od.10.51, φθῖτο （φθῖτ᾽) 11.330 (the v.l. φθεῖτ᾽ is incorrect); inf. “φθίσθαι” Il.9.246, 13.667, Od.14.117, 15.354, (κατα-) 2.183 (always with incorrect v. l. φθεῖσθαι); part. φθίμενος, v. infr. 1.2: rare in pf., “ἔφθιται” Od.20.340, 3pl. “ἐξ-έφθινται” A.Pers.679 (lyr.). [Hom. has ι_ in φθίῃς (infr.1.2), ι^ in ἔφθιεν (infr.), φθιόμεσθα, φθίεται: ι_ always in fut. and aor. φθίσω, φθίσομαι, ἔφθισα (sed v. infr. 11), cf. φθι_σήνωρ, φθι_σίμβροτος (qq. v.): ι^ always in aor. and pf. Pass. (v. supr.), exc. in opt. (v. supr.):—Hom. also uses ι_ in φθίνω (prob. fr. Φθι^-νϝω, cf. φθίνυθω) whereas ι^ always in φθι^νω in Pi. and Trag., who use ι^ even in ἔφθισα, v. infr. 11.] (Cf. ψίνω, ψινάς, ψίσις: φθι^- and ψι^- correspond to Skt. k[snull ]i-, pres. k[snull ]iṇā´ti, k[snull ]iṇóti, 'he destroys', Pass. K[snull ][imacracute]yante 'they perish', ák[snull ]itas ( = ἄφθιτος) 'imperishable', fut. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]ya- ( = φθεισο-), aor. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]- (= φθεισ-).)
I. decay, wane, of Time, πρίν κεν νὺξ φθῖτο (opt. aor.) first would the night be come to an end, Od.11.330: “τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός” S.Aj.141 (anap.); in this sense mostly in pres. φθίνω, φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα they wane or pass away, Od.11.183, etc.; μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φθινέτω let not thy life be wasted, 5.161: esp.
b. of the moon, wane, [“σελήνη] αὐξανομένη καὶ φθίνουσα” Arist.Cael. 291b20; hence, in monthly reckoning, μηνῶν φθινόντων in the moon's wane, i.e. towards the month's end, 10.470, etc.; later, μὴν φθίνων, the last decad, IG12.298.17, 328.13, Th.5.54, etc.; opp. ἱστάμενος （“ἵστημι” B. 111.4), μεσῶν, but in Hom., the second half of the month (τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ᾽ ἱσταμένοιο), Od.14.162, 19.307.
c. of the stars, decline, set, A.Ag.7 (prob. interpol.).
2. of persons, waste away, pine, perish, “ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς” Od.2.368 (perh. aor. subj. with ι_ metri grat.); ἤτοι ὁ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν was wasting away in mind, Il.18.446 (perh. trans., causing his heart to pine; prob. impf., but possibly aor.); “φθίνει καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ” E.Alc.203; “ἐκ φόνων” S.Tr.558; οἱ φθίνοντες consumptive people, Hp.Aph.3.10, cf. Epid.1.24.
b. of life, strength, etc., “οὐ φθίνει ἀρετά” Pi.P.1.94; “φθίνει μὲν ἰσχὺς γῆς φ. δὲ σώματος” S.OC610, cf. OT665 (lyr.); “ὕβρις . . ἀνθεῖ τε καὶ πάλιν φ.” Id.Fr.786; “ἥβην τὴν μὲν ἕρπουσαν πρόσω, τὴν δὲ φθίνουσαν” Id.Tr.548; “τοῖς μὲν αὔξεται βίος, τῶν δὲ φθίνει” E.Fr.415.5, cf. Pl.Phd.71b, Ti.81b, etc.; c. dat. modi, “πόλις φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν . . , φθίνουσα δ᾽ ἀγέλαις” S.OT25; of things, fade away, disappear, “ἐδεστὸν ἐξ αὑτοῦ φ. καὶ ψῇ” Id.Tr.677; “τὸ σῶμα φθίνει” Hp.Loc.Hom.24; metaph., “φθίνοντα Ααΐου θέσφατα” S.OT906 (lyr.), cf. Ant.1013:—Pass., “αὐτὸς φθίεται” Il.20.173, cf. 14.87; more freq. in fut. and aor., ἤδη φθ<ε>ίσονται 11.821, cf. 19.329, Od.13.384; “τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτο” Il.18.100; “δύο γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων ἐφθίατο” 1.251; “νούσῳ ὑπ᾽ ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι” 13.667; “νόσοις ὁ τλήμων ἔφθιτο” S.OT962; πρὸς φίλου ἔφθισο wast slain by . . , A.Th.971 (lyr.), cf. E.Med.1414 (anap.): freq. in part. φθίμενος, slain, dead, Od.11.558, al.; “χερσὶν ὑπ᾽ Ἀργείων φθίμενος” Il.8.359; “ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον” IG12. 976; φθίμενοι the dead, “φθιμένοισι μετείην” Od.24.436; πενθήσει βασιλῆ φ. Orac. ap. Hdt.7.220, cf. Euph.21; “φθιμένων ζῳῶν τε φωτῶν” Pi.I. 4(3).10(28), cf. B.5.83; “φθιμένοισιν” A.Th.732 (lyr.); “φθίμενος” S.Tr. 1161, cf. Ant.836 (anap.); “μηδέτιν᾽ εἰπεῖν . . φθιμένων” E.Hec.137 (anap.): less freq. c. Art. (cf. φθιτός）“, τὸν φθίμενον” A.Th.336 (lyr., codd.); “τῶν φ.” Id.Ag.1023 (lyr.); “τῶν πρότερον φ.” Id.Ch.403 (anap.); φ. δέμας, σῶμα, mortal, IG9(1).882.9,12 (Corc.); Φθιμένη Perishing, personified as a goddess, “Φυσώ τε Φ. τε” Emp. 123.1: rare in Prose, “τοῖς φθιμένοις” X.Cyr.8.7.18.
II. Causal, in fut. φθ（ε）ίσω, aor. 1 ἔφθ（ε）ισα (usu. written φθίσω, ἔφθισα in codd., but correctly φθεισαν (Od.20.67) in PHib.1.23 (iii B. C.), φθείσει (Il.6.407) in cod. A and Et.Gen.cod.B (Miller Mélanges 300)), cause to decay or pine away, consume, destroy, “φθ（ε）ίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος” Il.6.407; τὸν Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε φθ（ε）ίσειν 16.461, cf. 22.61; “οἳ μεμάασιν Ὀδυσσῆος φθ（ε）ῖσαι γόνον” Od.4.741; “ἵνα φθ（ε）ίσωμεν ἑλόντες αὐτόν” 16.369; τόν ῤ̔ ἔθελον φθ（ε）ῖσαι ib.428; “τοκῆας . . φθ（ε）ῖσαν θεοί” 20.67: rare in Trag. (only lyr., and in the form ἔφθι^σα）“, Μοίρας φθίσας” A.Eu.173; “τὸν . . ὑπὸ σῷ φθίσον κεραυνῷ” S.OT202; “φυτὸν ἥμερον μήτε φθίνειν μήτε σίνεσθαι” Pythag. ap. D.L.8.23; νῦν σε μοῖρα . . φθίνει, φθίνει dub. in S.El.1414 (lyr., fort. σοι).
Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by. Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940.

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