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καί , Conj., copulative, joining words and sentences,
A.and; also Adv., even, also, just, freq. expressing emphatic assertion or assent, corresponding as positive to the negative οὐ μή) or οὐδέ μηδέ).
A. copulative, and,
I. joining words or sentences to those preceding, “, καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπ᾽ ὀφρύσινεῦσε ΚρονίωνIl.1.528, etc.: repeated with two or more Nouns, “αἱ δὲ ἔλαφοι κ. δορκάδες κ. οἱ ἄγριοι οἶες κ. οἱ ὄνοι οἱ ἄγριοιX.Cyr.1.4.7; joining only the last pair, Cleom.2.1 (p.168.5 Z.), Phlp.in APr.239.30, etc., v. l. in Arist.Po.1451a20; ὄχλος πλείων κ. πλείων ἐπέρρει more and more, X.Cyr.7.5.39; to add epithets after “πολύς, πολλὰ κ. ἐσθλάIl.9.330; “πολλὰ κ. μεγάλαD.28.1, etc.
2. to addalimiting or defining expression, πρὸς μακρὸν ὄρος κ. Κύνθιον ὄχθον to the mountain and specially to . . , h.Ap. 17, cf. A.Ag. 63 (anap.), S.Tr.1277 (anap.) (sts. in reverse order, “πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς κ. μακρὸν ὌλυμπονIl.5.398); to add by way of climax, θεῶν . . κ. Ποσειδῶνος all the gods, and above all . . , A.Pers.750, etc.; “ἐχθροὶ κ. ἔχθιστοιTh.7.68; “τινὲς κ. συχνοίPl.Grg.455c; freq. ἄλλοι τε καί . . , ἄλλως τε καί . . , v. ἄλλος 11.6, “ἄλλως1.3; ὀλίγου τινὸς ἄξια κ. οὐδενός little or nothing, Id.Ap.23a: joined with the demonstr. Pron. οὗτος (q. v.), “εἶναι . . δούλοισι, κ. τούτοισι ὡς δρηπέτῃσιHdt.6.11, cf. 1.147; κ. ταῦτα and this too . . , “γελᾶν ἀναπείθειν, κ. ταῦθ᾽ οὕτω πολέμιον ὄντα τῷ γέλωτιX.Cyr.2.2.16, etc.
II. at the beginning of a sentence,
3. = καίτοι, and yet, Ar.Eq.1245, E.HF509.
4. at the beginning of a speech, Lys.Fr.36a.
III. after words implying sameness or like ness, as, γνώμῃσι ἐχρέωντο ὁμοίῃσι κ. σύ they had the same opinion as you, Hdt.7.50, cf. 84; ἴσον or ἴσα κ. . . , S.OT611, E.El.994; ἐν ἴσῳ (sc. ἐστὶ)“ κ. εἰ . . Th.2.60, etc.
2. after words implying comparison or opposition, “αἱ δαπάναι οὐχ ὁμοίως κ. πρίνId.7.28; “πᾶν τοὐναντίον ἔχει νῦν τε κ. ὅτε . . Pl.Lg.967a.
IV. joining an affirm. clause with a neg., “ἀλλ᾽ ὥς τι δράσων εἷρπε κοὐ θανούμενοςS.Tr.160, etc.
V. καί . . , καί . . correlative, not only . . , but also . . , κ. ἀεὶ κ. νῦν, κ. τότε κ. νῦν, Pl.Grg.523a, Phlb.60b; “κ. κατὰ γῆν κ. κατὰ θάλαττανX.An.1.1.7.
B. even, also, just,
1. τάχα κεν κ. ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο even the innocent, Il.11.654, cf. 4.161, etc.; δόμεναι κ. μεῖζον ἄεθλον an even greater prize, 23.551, cf. 10.556, 5.362: with numerals, κ. πέντε full five, 23.833; “γενομένης κ. δὶς ἐκκλησίαςTh.1.44, cf. Hdt.2.44,60, 68, al. (but ἐτῶν δύο κ. τριῶν two or three, Th.1.82, cf. X.Eq.4.4).
2. also, κ. ἐγώ I also, Il.4.40; κ. αὐτοί they also, X.An.3.4.44, etc.; Ἀγίας καὶ Σωκράτης κ. τούτω ἀπεθανέτην likewise died, ib. 2.6.30; in adding surnames, etc., “Ὦχος κ. ΔαρειαῖοςCtes.Fr.29.49 (sed Photii est): Ptol. Papyri have nom. ὃς κ., gen. τοῦ κ. etc., “Πανίσκος ὃς κ. ΠετεμῖνιςPLond.2.219b) 2 (ii B.C.); dat. τῷ κ. ib.(av2, PRein.26.5 (ii B. C.); nom. κ. first in PTeb.110.1 (i B. C.), freq. later, BGU22.25 (ii A. D.), etc.; “Ἰούδας κ. ΜακκαβαῖοςJ.AJ12.6.4; “Σαῦλος κ. ΠαῦλοςAct.Ap.13.9: with “ἄλλος, λαβέτω δὲ κ. ἄλλοςOd.21.152; εἴπερ τι κ. ἄλλο, ὥς τις κ. ἄλλος, X.Mem.3.6.2, An.1.3.15, cf. Pl. Phd.59a, Ar.Nu.356: freq. in antithetic phrases, οὐ μόνον . . , ἀλλὰ καὶ . . , not only . . , but also . . , v. μόνος; οὐδὲν μᾶλλον . . οὐ καὶ . . Hdt.5.94, al.
b. freq. used both in the anteced. and relat. clause, where we put also in the anteced. only, “εἰ μὲν κ. σὺ εἶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧνπερ κ. ἐγώPl.Grg.458a, cf. Il.6.476, X.An.2.1.21.
3. freq. in apodosi, after temporal Conjs., “ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δή ῥα . . , κ. τότε δή . . Il.1.494, cf. 8.69, Od. 14.112; also after εἰ, Il.5.897: in Prose, “ὡς δὲ ἔδοξεν, κ. ἐχώρουνTh.2.93: as a Hebraism, “κ. ἐγένετο . . κ. . . LXX Ge.24.30, al., Ev.Luc.1.59, etc.
4. with Advs., to give emphasis, “κ. κάρταHdt.6.125; κ. λίην full surely, Il.19.408, Od.1.46; “κ. μᾶλλονIl.8.470, cf. E.Heracl.386; κ. πάλαι, κ. πάνυ, S.OC1252, Pl. Chrm.154e; κ. μάλα, κ. σφόδρα, in answers, Ar.Nu.1326, Pl.La. 191e.
5. with words expressing a minimum, even so much as, were it but, just, “ἱέμενος κ. καπνὸν ἀποθρῴσκοντα νοῆσαιOd.1.58; οἷςἡδὺ κ. λέγεινAr.Nu.528; τίς δὲ κ. προσβλέψεται; who will so much as look at you? E.IA1192, cf. Ar.Ra.614, Pl.Ap.28b, 35b.
6. just, τοῦτ᾽ αὐτὸ κ. νοσοῦμεν 'tis just that that ails me, E.Andr.906, cf. Ba.616, S.Tr.490, Ar.Pax892, Ra.73, Pl.Grg.456a, Tht.166d: freq. with a relat., “τὸ κ. κλαίουσα τέτηκαIl.3.176; “διὸ δὴ καὶ . . Th.1.128, etc.: also in interrogations (usu. to be rendered by emphasis in intonation), ποίου Χρόνου δὲ καὶ πεπόρθηται πόλις; and how long ago was the city sacked? A.Ag.278; ποῦ καί σφε θάπτει; where is he burying her? E.Alc.834, cf. S.Aj.1290, al., X.An.5.8.2, Ar.Pax1289, Pl. Euthphr.6b, D.4.46, etc.
7. even, just, implying assent, ἔπειτά με κ. λίποι αἰών thereafter let life e'en leave me, Il.5.685, cf. 17.647, 21.274, Od.7.224.
8. κ. εἰ even if, of a whole condition represented as an extreme case, opp. εἰ κ. although, notwithstanding that, of a condition represented as immaterial even if fulfilled, cf. Il.4.347, 5.351, Od.13.292, 16.98 with Il.5.410, Od.6.312, 8.139, etc.; εἰ κ. ἠπιστάμην if I had been able, Pl.Phd.108d, cf. Lg.663d. (This remark does not apply to cases where εἰ and καί each exert their force separtely, as “εἴ περ ἀδειής τ᾽ ἐστί, καὶ εἰ . . and if . . Il.7.117, cf. Hdt.5.78, etc.)
9. before a Participle, to represent either καὶ εἰ . . , or εἰ καί . . , although, albeit, Ἕκτορα κ. μεμαῶτα μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω, for ἢν κ. μεμάῃ, how much soever he rage, although he rage, Il.9.655; τί σὺ ταῦτα, κ. ἐσθλὸς ἐών, ἀγορεύεις; (for εἰ κ. ἐσθλὸς εἶ) 16.627, cf. 13.787, Od.2.343, etc.; “κ. τύραννος ὢν ὅμωςS.OC851.
C. Position: καί and, is by Poets sts. put after another word, ἔγνωκα, τοῖσδε κοὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἔχω, for “καὶ τοῖσδε οὐδένA.Pr.51, cf. Euph.51.7, etc.
2. καί also, sts. goes between a Prep. and its case, “ἐν κ. θαλάσσᾳPi.O.2.28.
3. very seldom at the end of a verse, S.Ph.312, Ar.V.1193.
D. crasis: with α^, as κἄν, κἀγαθοί, etc.; with ε, as κἀγώ, κἄπειτα, etc., Dor. κἠγώ, κἤπειτα, etc.; with η, as Χἠ, Χἠμέρη, Χἠμεῖς, etc.; with ι^ in Χἰκετεύετε, Χἰλαρή; with ο, as Χὠ, Χὤστις, etc.; with υ in Χὐμεῖς, Χὐποχείριον, etc.; with ω in the pron. , Χᾦ; with αι, as κᾀσχρῶν; with αυ, as καὐτός; with ει, as κεἰ, κεἰς (but also κἀς, κᾆτα; with εὐ-, as κεὐγένεια, κεὐσταλής; with οι in Χοἰ (“ΧᾠEM816.34); with ου in Χοὖτος, κοὐ, κοὐδέ, and the like .
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (139):
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