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καθαιρ-έω , Ion. κατ- , Aeol. κατάγρημι , q.v.: fut.
A.“-ήσω” Il.11.453, etc.: fut. 2 “καθελῶ” APl.4.334 (Antiphil.): aor.2 καθεῖλον, inf. καθελεῖν: aor. 1 “καθεῖλα” LXX 3 Ki.19.14: Ion. pf. part. Pass. “καταραιρημένος” Hdt.2.172:—take down, “καθείλομεν ἱστία” Od. 9.149; “κὰδ δ᾽ ἀπὸ πασσαλόφι ζυγὸν ᾕρεον” Il.24.268; κ. ἄχθος take it down, i.e. off one's shoulders, Ar.Ra.10; “κ. τὸ σημεῖον” And.1.36; κ. τῶν ἐκ τῆς στοᾶς ὅπλων some of them, X.HG5.4.8; “κ. εἰκόνα ἐξ ἀκροπόλεως” Lycurg.117; κ. τινά, from the cross, Plb.1.86.6, Ph.2.529:—Med., κατελέσθαι τὰ τόξα take down one's bow, Hdt.3.78; “τοὺς ἱστούς” Plb.1.61.1.
2. put down, close the eyes of the dead, “ὄσσε καθαιρήσουσι θανόντι περ” Il.11.453; “ὀφθαλμοὺς καθελοῦσα” Od.24.296; “χερσὶ κατ᾽ ὀφθαλμοὺς ἑλέειν” 11.426.
3. of sorcerers, bring down from the sky, “σελήνην” Ar.Nu.750, Pl.Grg.513a.
4. κατά με πέδον γᾶς ἕλοι may earth swallow me! E.Supp.829 (lyr.).
II. put down by force, destroy, “ὅτε κέν μιν μοῖρ᾽ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι” Od.2.100, 19.145, cf. 3.238, etc.; “μὴ καθέλοι μιν αἰών” Pi.O.9.60; “φῶτ᾽ ἄδικον καθαιρεῖ” A.Ag. 398(lyr.); “μοῖρα τὸν φύσαντα καθεῖλε” S.Aj.517, cf. E.El.878(lyr.), etc.; kill, slay, ταῦρον ib.1143, cf. Stesich.23, S.Tr.1063, Fr.205; ἐάν τις ἀποκτείνῃ . . ἐν ὁδῷ καθελών Lexap.D.23.53:—Pass., of criminals, to be executed, Plu.Them.22.
2. put down, reduce, “κ. Κῦρον καὶ τὴν Περσέων δύναμιν” Hdt.1.71, etc.; καθαιρεθῆναι, opp. ἀρθῆναι, D.2.8; esp. depose, dethrone, Hdt.1.124, etc.; κ. τὸ λῃστικὸν ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης remove it utterly from . . , Th.1.4, cf. POxy.1408.23 (iii A.D.); “κ. ὕβριν τινός” Hdt.9.27, LXXZa.9.6; “ὄλβον” S.Fr.646.4; ὑπερηφάνους Aristeas 263:—Pass., καθῃρημένος τὴν αἴσθησιν bereft of sense, Plu.Per.38; καθαιρεῖσθαι τῆς μεγαλειότητος [Ἀρτέμιδος] Act.Ap.19.27.
3. raze to the ground, demolish, “πόλεις” Th.1.58, al., LXXIs.14.17; “τείχη” Pl. Mx.244c; τῶν τειχῶν a part of the walls, X.HG4.4.13:—Pass., Th. 5.39, etc.; “καθῃρέθη . . Οἰχαλία δορί” S.Tr.478.
4. cancel, rescind, “τὸ Μεγαρέων ψήφισμα” Th.1.140, cf. 139, Plu.Per.29; “ἔργον κ. λόγῳ” Philem.140.
5. as law-term, condemn, ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψῆφος a verdict of guilty, Lys.13.37: c. inf., “ἐμὲ πάλος καθαιρεῖ . . λαβεῖν” S. Ant.275; so prob. “κατά με . . Ἀΐδας ἕλοι πατρὶ ξυνθανεῖν” Id.OC1689 (lyr.), cf. E.Or.862; simply, decide, “ὅ τι ἂν αἱ πλείους ψῆφοι καθαιρῶσι” D.H.7.36, 39; in book-keeping, ἃν καθαιρῶσιν αἱ ψῆφοι whatever the counters (or accounts) prove, prob. in D.18.227.
6. reduce, “τῶν αὐξανομένων καὶ καθαιρουμένων γραμμῶν” Arist.Ph.237b9; “τοῦ ἀποστήματος πεφυκότος ἐπὶ πολὺ καθαιρεῖν τὰ μεγέθη” Phld.Sign.9; of mild caustics, τὰ ὑπερσαρκέοντα καθαιρεῖ (prob. for καθαίρει) Hp.Ulc.14, cf. Gal.11.756; “τὸ σῶμα κ. διαίταις” Plu.Ant.53: Rhet., minimize, Arist.Rh.1376a34.
III. overpower, seize, “κὰδ δέ μιν ὕπνος ᾕρει” Od. 9.372; κ. τινά overtake, X.Cyr.4.3.16; κ. τινὰ ἐν ἀφροσύνῃ catch in the act of folly, S.Ant.383 (anap.): c. gen. partis, κ. τῶν ὤτων seize by . . , Theoc.5.133:—Pass., “κ. ὑπό τινος” Hdt.6.29.
IV. fetch down as a reward or prize, “καθαιρεῖν ἀγῶνας” Plu.Pomp.8: metaph., achieve, “ἀγώνιον . . εὖχος ἔργῳ καθελών” Pi.O.10(11).63: fut. inf. καθαρεῖν, παστόν, μίτραν, Epigr. in Berl.Sitzb.1894.908 (Asia Minor):—Med., “φόνῳ καθαιρεῖσθ᾽, οὐ λόγῳ, τὰ πράγματα” E.Supp.749:—Pass., Hdt.7.50.
V. less freq. like the simple αἱρεῖν, take and carry off, Id.6.41, cf.5.36 (Pass.). Cf. καθαίρω.
Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by. Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940.

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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (65):
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    • Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae, 39
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