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κόπτω , Od.18.28, etc.: fut.
A.“κόψω” Hippon.83, Men.Pk.64, etc.: aor. ἔκοψα, Ep. “κόψα” Il.13.203: pf. κέκοφα （ἐκ-) X.HG6.5.37, (περι-) Lys.14.42, (συγ-) Pl.Tht.169b; Ep. part. “κεκοπώς” Il.13.60 (v.l. -φώς, -πών), Od.18.335:—Med., fut. “κόψομαι” LXX Ez.6.9: aor. “ἐκοψάμην” Hdt.4.166:—Pass., fut. κεκόψομαι （ἀπο-) Ar.Nu.1125, (ἐκ-) Id.Ra. 1223, (κατα-) X.An.1.5.16, “κοπήσομαι” LXX Je.8.2, Gal.13.759: aor. “ἐκόπην” A.Ag.1278, Ar.Ra.723, Th.8.13: pf. “κέκομμαι” A.Pers.683:— cut, strike,
1. smite, “ο᾽ ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι” Od.18.335: c. dupl. acc., κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον smote him on the cheek, Il.23.690.
2. smite with weapons, “κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον” Od.8.528; “τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι εἵποντο κόπτοντες” Hdt.6.113: metaph. in Pass., with play on words, “αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν” AP11.335.
3. smite, slaughter an animal with an axe or mallet, “κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός” Il.17.521, cf. Od.14.425, X.An.2.1.6; in Trag., A.Ag.1278, Eu.635, E.El.838.
4. cut off, chop off, “κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν” Il.13.203; “χεῖράς τ᾽ ἠδὲ πόδας κόπτον” Od.22.477; “κ. [τὰ γέρρα] ταῖς μαχαίραις” X.An.4.6.26; κ. δένδρα cut down or fell trees, Th.2.75, X. HG5.2.39,43; κ. τὴν χώραν lay it waste, ib.3.2.26, 4.6.5:—in Pass., of ships, to be shattered, disabled by the enemy, Th.4.14,8.13:—metaph., “φρενῶν κεκομμένος” A.Ag.479 (lyr.); τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα preventing, Theoc.21.28; [πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον being suddenly stopped, arrested, Arist.Mete.367a10.
5. strike, beat a horse, to make him go faster, “κόψε δ᾽ Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ” Il.10.513; also σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω (sc. Αἴαντε）“ κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος” 13.60.
6. hammer, forge, “κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς” 18.379, Od.8.274; later, stamp metal, i.e. coin money, “κ. νόμισμα” IG12(5).480.11 (Siphnos, Athenian Law), Xenoph.4, Hdt.3.56:—Med., coin oneself money, order to be coined, “κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα” Id.1.94, cf. 4.166:—Pass., of money, to be stamped or coined, [“νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι” Ar.Ra.723, cf. 726.
7. knock or rap at, “τὴν θύραν” Id.Nu.132, Pl.1097, And. 1.41, X.HG5.4.7, Men.Epit.538, Phld.Vit.p.30 J., Plu.Alc.8, etc.; without θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτεις; Ar.Ec.976.
8. pound, bray in a mortar, “κυπἐρου κεκομμένου” Hdt.4.71; ἀσταφίδα κεκ. Alex.127.4; ἔλαιον κεκ., i.e. pure oil, LXX 3 Ki.5.11.
9. knock, dash about, “τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ” Pl.Ti.60b; “κόνις . . κοπτομένη . . ὑφ᾽ ἅρμασι” Hes. Sc.63; “θάλασσα κοπτομένη πνοιαῖς” Theoc.22.16.
10. of birds, peck, Arist.HA609b5; ὁ ἁλιάετος . . τὰ λιμναῖα κ. preys on the lagoon life, ib.593b24; σπειρὴν κ. peck at, Arat.449; of fish, gnaw, Arist.HA 620b17; of a snake, strike, Il.12.204:—Pass., of wood or seeds, to be worm-eaten, Thphr.HP3.18.5, 8.11.2.
b. munch, masticate, dub. in Chionid.6.
11. ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην jars his rider by his paces, X.Eq.1.4:—Pass., ib.8.7, Hp.Aër.21.
12. κ. ὄνους dress, prepare mill-stones for use, Alex.13; set, sharpen, Herod.6.84:—Med., AP 11.253 (Lucill.).
13. metaph., tire out, weary, “μήθ᾽ ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ᾽ ἐμαυτὸν κ.” D.Prooem.29, cf. Alciphr.2.3; “λέγων φαίνου τι δὴ καινὸν . . , ἢ μὴ κόπτε με” Hegesipp.1.3, cf. Sosip.1.20; “μὴ κόπτ᾽ ἔμ᾽, ἀλλὰ τὰ κρέα” Alex.173.12; “κ. τὴν ἀκρόασιν” D.H.Comp.19; “κ. τὰ ὦτα” Poll.6.119; “κ. ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις” Plu.Phoc.7, cf. Moer.p.74 P.:—Pass., to be worn out, “κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις” D.2.16.
II. Med. κόπτομαι, beat or strike oneself, beat one's breast or head through grief, “κεφαλὴν δ᾽ ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν” Il.22.33, cf. Hdt.2.121.δ́ (also Act. τί κόπτεις τὴν κεφαλήν; Men.Her.4); “κόπτεσθαι μέτωπα” Hdt.6.58 (with μαχαίρῃσι added 2.61): abs., Pl.Phd.60b, R.619c: pf. Pass., [“πόλις] κέκοπται” A.Pers. 683:—Act. c. acc. cogn., “ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον” Id.Ch.423 (lyr.).
2. κόπτεσθαί τινα mourn for any one, “κόπτεσθ᾽ Ἄδωνιν” Ar.Lys.396, cf. Ev.Luc.8.52; but also “ἐπί τινα” Apoc.1.7, 18.9 (v.l. αὐτῇ). (Cf. Lith. kapóti, Lett. kapāt 'chop small', 'beat', 'stamp', Lat. capo 'capon', perh. σκέπαρνον.)
Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by. Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940.

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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (67):
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    • Old Testament, Jeremiah, 8.2
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    • Dionysius of Halicarnassus, De Compositione Verborum, 19
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