Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

A.common (opp.ἴδιος), not in Hom. (v. ξυνός）; ἐκ κοινοῦ shared in common, Hes.Op.723; “ἔσται γὰρ βίος ἐκ κ.” Ar.Ec.610; of a common altar, Simon.140; “τὸ τέμενος εἶναι κ.” SIG1044.29 (Halic., iv/iii B.C.); “κ. ἔρχεται κῦμ᾽ Ἀΐδα” Pi.N.7.30; τρεῖς . . κ. ὄμμ᾽ ἐκτημέναι, of the Gorgons, A.Pr.795; κ. ὠφέλημα θνητοῖσιν φανείς, of Prometheus, ib.613; “τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι κοινάς” Pl. R.457d: prov., “κοινὸν τύχη” A.Fr.389, cf. Men.Mon.356; “κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων” E.Or.735 (troch.), Pl.Phdr.279c, Men.9, etc.; κ. Ἑρμῆς 'share the luck', Id.Epit.67, 100; κ. ἀρωγά common aid (i.e. for all), S.Ph.1145 (lyr.); ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγά and let the shouts of males rise jointly, Id.Tr.207 (lyr.); “κ. πόλεμον πολεμεῖν” X.Hier.2.8; “τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κ.” Men.531.8; “κ. τὸν ᾄδην ἔσχον οἱ πάντες βροτοί” Id.538.8; “κ. ἀγαθὸν τοῦτ᾽ ἐστί, χρηστὸς εὐτυχῶν” Id.791: c. dat., κ. τινί common to or with another, “ὑμῖν φῶς . . καὶ τοῖσδ᾽ ἅπασι κ.” A.Ag.523; “ὁ δαίμων κ. ἦν ἀμφοῖν ἅμα” Id.Th.812; “θάλατταν κ. ἐᾶν τοῖς ἡττημένοις” And.3.19; “οἰκία . . κοινοτάτη ἀεὶ τῷ δεομένῳ” Id.1.147; [πολιτεία] τίς κοινοτάτη; Arist.Pol.1289b14, cf. 1265b29; “κοινόν τι χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυα” X.HG7.1.32; “τὸν ἥλιον τὸν κ. ἡμῖν” Men.611: c. gen., “πάντων αἰθὴρ κ. φάος εἱλίσσων” A.Pr.1092 (anap.), cf. Pers.132 (lyr.), Eu. 109, Pi.N.1.32; κ. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων shared in by both . . , Pl.Mx.241c, etc.: with Preps., τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., v. infr. v; “κ. κατ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων” A.D.Synt.144.19; “οὐ γίγνεταί μοί τι κ. πρός τινα” AP11.141 (Lucill.), cf. Iamb.Myst.5.7; μέρος κ. πρός τινα shared with . . , CPR22.11 (ii A.D.), etc.; “κ. μεταξύ τινων” Stud.Pal.1.7 ii 11 (v A.D.).

II. in social and political relations, public, general, τὸ κ. ἀγαθόν the common weal, Th.5.90; “κ. λόγῳ” Id.5.37, Hdt.1.141; κ. στόλῳ ib.170; “ἀδικήματα” D.21.45; “ὁ τῆς πόλεως κ. δήμιος” Pl.Lg. 872b; κοινότατον of public or general interest, ib.724b, cf. Arist.Rh. 1354b29; of constitutions, popular, free, “κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας” Isoc.10.36.

2. τὸ κ. the state, “τὸ κ. Σπαρτιητέων” Hdt.1.67: abs., of one's own state, Ar.Ec. 208, etc.; “τὸ κ. ὠφελεῖται” Antipho 3.2.3, cf. X.Cyr.2.2.20; “τὰς ὠφελείας ἅπασιν εἰς τὸ κ. ἀπεδίδου” Isoc.10.36.

b. esp. of leagues or federations, “τὸ κ. τῶν Ἰώνων” Hdt.5.109; “τῶν συμμάχων” Isoc.14.21; “τῶν Βοιωτῶν” SIG457.10 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), Plb.20.6.1 (pl.), etc.; ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ (sc. τῶν Θεσσαλῶν) Th.4.78; also, of private associations, Test.Epict.1.22, SIG1113 (Loryma), al.; of guilds or corporations, “τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων” POxy.53.2 (iv A.D.); of boards of magistrates, τὸ κ. τῶν ἀρχόντων ib.54.12 (iii A.D.).

c. the government, public authorities, Th.1.90, 2.12, etc.; “τὰ κ.” Hdt.3.156; “ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐπὶ τὰ κ.” Th.5.37; ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. by public authority, Hdt.5.85, 8.135; σὺν τῷ κ. by common consent, Id.9.87.

d. the public treasury, “χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κ. γενομένων” Id.7.144; “ἐν τῷ κ. καὶ ἐν τοῖς ίεροῖς” Th.6.6, cf. 17; “χρήματα δοῦναι ἐκ τοῦ κ.” Hdt.9.87; ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ (without the Art.), Th.1.80, cf. Sch.adloc.

e. common right or rights of citizens, “τὸ κ. τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν” Arist.Pol.1283b41.

3. τὰ κ. public affairs: πρὸς τὰ κ. προσελθεῖν, προσιέναι, to enter public life, D. 18.257, Aeschin.1.165; but also, the public money, Ar.Pl.569, D.8.23 (in full, “τὰ κ. χρήματα” X.HG6.5.34, Arist.Pol.1271b11); τὰ κ. τῆς πόλεως, opp. τὰ ἁγνά, BMus.Inscr.4.481*.383; ἀπὸ κοινοῦ at the public expense, X.An.4.7.27, 5.1.12; “ἐκ κοινοῦ φαγεῖν” Euphro 8.4, cf. Antiph. 230; ἐκ κ. from common funds, at joint expense, PGrenf.1.21.19 (ii B.C.).

III. common, ordinary, “τὰ κ. εἰδέναι” Pl.Ax.366b; “διὰ τῶν κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πίστεις” Arist.Rh.1355a27; κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή] Id.EN1118b1; τὰ κ. commonplaces, Men.Sam.27, Epit.309; so “κ. τόπος” Hermog.Prog.6, Aphth.Prog.7; ἡ κ. ἔννοια or ἐπίνοια, Plb. 2.62.2, 6.5.2; κ. νοῦς, φρένες, common sense, Phld.Rh.1.37 S., 202 S.; κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι general and all-pervading vices, Id.Sign.28; “κ. καὶ δημώδη ὀνόματα” Longin.40.2; “κ. καὶ ἐν μέσῳ κείμενα ὀνόματα” D.H.Lys.3; ἡ κ. διάλεκτος every-day language (free from archaisms and far-fetched expressions), Id.Isoc.2; “πεφευγὼς τὸ κ.” Phld.Acad. Ind.p.53 M.

2. Gramm., ordinary, 'regular' Greek, opp. special dialects, διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ. Sch.D.T. p.14 H., cf. D.S.1.16, Theodos.Can.p.37 H., etc.; ἡ κ. alone, A.D. Conj.223.24; τὸ κ. ἔθος, ἡ κ. ἐκφορά, Id.Adv.155.10, Pron.4.27; οἱ κ. the writers who use this language, Sch.D.T.p.469 H., EM405.23.

b. colloquial, vulgar Greek, Moer.pp.201 (Comp., prob. for καιν-), 243 P., al.

c. ἡ κ. διάλεκτος demotic Egyptian, Manethoap. J.Ap.1.14.

3. common, of inferior quality, “χρυσός” POxy.905.5 (ii A.D.), 1273.6 (iii A.D.).

4. in magical formulae, of words added at will by the user, 'and so forth', freq.in Pap., PMag.Osl.1.255, PMag.Par.1.273, al.; κοινὰ ὅσα θέλεις ib.2.53; “ὁ κ. λόγος” PMag.Lond.46.435; cf. κοινολογία.

IV. of Persons, connected by common origin or kindred, esp.of brothers and sisters, “κ. σπέρμα” Pi.O.7.92, cf.S.OT261, OC535 (lyr.); “κ. αἷμα” Id.Ant.202, cf. 1; κ. πατήρ, μήτηρ, PAmh.2.152.9(v/vi A.D.), PFlor.47.11 (iii A.D.); also “κ. Χάριτες” Pi.O.2.50.

2. one who shares in a thing, partner, “ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα” S.OT 240; “κ. ἐν κοινοῖσι λυπεῖσθαι” Id.Aj.267, cf. Ar.V.917; also κ. τῷ θεῷ belonging in part to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), Berl.Sitzb.1927.161 (Cyrene).

3. lending a ready ear to all, impartial, “μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε” Th.3.53; neutral, ib.68; “κοινοὺς τῷ τε διώκοντι καὶ τῷ φεύγοντι” Lys.15.1; “μέτριος καὶ κ.” Arist.Ath.6.3; κοινοί, οἱ, arbitrators, GDI1832.10 (Delph.); “κ. μεσίτης” PStrassb.41.14 (iii A.D.); of a capital city, δεῖ . . κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων easily accessible on all sides, Arist.Pol.1327a6.

b. courteous, affable, X. Cyn.13.9; “κ. ἅπασι γενέσθαι” Isoc.5.80; “τῇ πρὸς πάντας φιλανθρωπίᾳ κ.” Democh.2 J.; “ἔχειν τὰς κ. φρένας” Phld.Rh.1.202 S.

c. in bad sense, κοινή, ἡ, prostitute, Vett.Val.119.30, Porph.Hist.Phil.12 (pl.).

d. of events, κοινότεραι τύχαι more impartial, i.e. more equal, chances, Th.5.102; ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κ. πᾶσι c. inf., And.2.6.

V. in Logic, general, universal, τὸ κ. λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., Pl.Tht. 185b, 185c; “τὰ κ. λεγόμενα ἀξιώματα” Arist.APo.76b14; αἱ κ. ἀρχαί ib.88a36; κ. ἔννοιαι axioms, heading in Euc.; general, “κ. ὅρος” Arist.Metaph. 987b6; κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη general principles, Phld.Rh.1.69S.; κ. σημεῖον, opp. ἴδιον, Id.Sign.14; κ. κρίσις objectively valid judgement, Id.Po.5.22; “ὄνομα κ.” Str.10.2.10; abstract, “ὁ κ. ἄνθρωπος καὶ λογισμῷ ληπτός” Dam.Pr.341.

VI. Gramm.,

1. κ. συλλαβή common syllable, capable of being long or short, D.T.633.17, Heph. 1.4.

b. κ. ποιήματα, poems which are both κατὰ στίχον and συστηματικά, e.g. the Sapphic stanza, Id.pp.58,59 C.; also, poems of ambiguous metrical form, Id.p.60 C.

2. v.supr.111.2.

3. of gender, “κ. γένος” D.T.634.19; of nouns, A.D.Pron.30.7, al., EM143.33, 305.19, etc.

4. ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν, of two clauses taking a word in common, A.D.Synt.122.14, al.; κοινὸν or ἐκ κοινοῦ παραλαμβάνεσθαι, ib.20, 28, al.

VII. of forbidden meats, common, profane, “φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον” Act.Ap.10.14, cf. Ep.Rom.14.14; “κ. χερσὶ ἐσθίειν” Ev.Marc.7.2.

VIII. κοινόν, τό, name of an eye-salve, CIL 13.10021.3, al.

B. Adv. κοινῶς in common, jointly, E.Ion1462; “τὰ κοινὰ κ. δεῖ φέρειν συμπτώματα” Men.817: Comp., ἐν Κρήτῃ -οτέρως [ἔχει τὰ τῶν συσσιτίων] Arist.Pol.1272a16.

2. publicly, “κ. μᾶλλον ὠφέλησαν ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔβλαψαν” Th.2.42, etc.

3. sociably, like other citizens, “οὐδὲ κ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς ἐβίωσαν” Isoc.4.151; “ἴσως καὶ κ. πρός τινα προσφέρεσθαι” Arist.Rh.Al.1430a1; “κ. καὶ φιλικῶς” Plu.Ant.33; μετρίως καὶ κ. ὰσπάζεσθαι Id.Arat.43.

4. in general, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 3.81a; ἡ κ. σύνεσις, τὸ κ. "ἄνθρωπον", Phld.Vit.p.34J., Mort.38; opp. ἰδίως, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.41, Plu.Marc.8, cf. Longin.15.1; “κοινότερον εἰπεῖν” Phld.Rh.1.256 S.; -οτέρως Orib.Fr.93.

5. in the common dialect, A.D.Pron.82.27, al.: Comp. -ότερον Id.Synt.159.5.

6. in plain language, opp. σοφιστικῶς, Plu.2.659f; in the ordinary or wide sense, opp. κυρίως, Them.in APo.5.5: Comp., M.Ant. 2.10.

II. fem. dat. κοινῇ ; Dor. κοινᾷ SIG56.11 (Argos, v B.C.); Boeot. κυνῆ ib.635.31 (Acraeph., ii B.C.):—in common, by common consent, Hdt.1.148, 3.79, S.OT606, OC1339, E.Hipp.731, Th.1.3, etc.; “κ. πᾶσι καὶ χωρίς” Arist.Pol.1278b23, cf. Ath.40.3; κ. μετά τινος, κ. σύν τινι, Pl.Smp.209c, SIG346.27 (iv B.C.), X.Mem.1.6.14, etc.; “ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ κ.” Alex.291: also neut.pl.“κοινά” S.Ant.546.

2. publicly, “καὶ κ. καὶ ἰδίᾳ” X.HG1.2.10, Mem.2.1.12, etc.

3. as Prep. c. dat., together with, E.Ion 1228, Hel.829, Fr.823.

III. with Preps., εἰς κοινόν in common, in public, “ὑμῖν τῇδέ τ᾽ ἐς κ. φράσω” A.Pr.844; “πᾶσιν ἐς κ. λέγω” Id.Eu.408, cf.Ar.Av.457 (lyr.), Pl.Lg.796e; “εἰς κ. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι” D.19.156; εἰς τὸ κ. λέγειν, ἀγορεύειν, Pl.Tht.165a, X. An.5.6.27; εἰς τὸ κ. for public use, Pl.Lg.681c.

2. ἀπὸ κοινοῦ, ἐκ κοινοῦ, v.A.1.1, 11.3, VI.4.

3. ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν, Lat. rem in medio reliquerunt, Arist.Metaph.987b14; but οἱ ἐν κ. γιγνόμενοι λόγοι, = οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι, Id.de An.407b29.

4. κατὰ κοινόν, opp. κατ᾽ ἰδίαν, jointly, in common, Lexap.D.21.94, Plb.4.3.5; prob. for “κατὰ κοινοῦ” Id.11.30.3.