A.“μαχέοιτο” Il.1.272, μαχέοιντο ib.344 (v.l. μαχέονται); part. μαχεόμενος v.l. in Hdt.7.104 (elsewh. μαχόμενος, 9.75,al.); Ep. “μαχειόμενος” Od.17.471, “μαχεούμενος” 11.403, 24.113: Ep.impf. “μαχέσκετο” Il.7.140: fut. “μαχήσομαι” 23.621, Hdt.7.209; μαχέσομαι, δια-μαχεσόμεθα (as v.l.) Id.9.48; also in late Prose, J.AJ 11.8.3, Plu.2.215f; “μαχοῦμαι” S.OC837, Ar.Pl.1076, etc., μαχεῖται even in Il.20.26, but “μαχέονται” 2.366; Ep. μαχέσσομαι v.l. for μαχήσομαι 1.298: aor. “ἐμαχεσάμην” Hdt.1.18, etc.; opt. “μαχέσαιο” Il.6.329; inf. “μαχέσασθαι” 17.178, also “μαχέσσασθαι” 15.633; opt. “μαχεσσαίμεσθα” Theoc.22.74; part. “μαχεσσαμένω” Il.1.304; later “μαχήσασθαι” Paus.1.27.1, (ἀνα-) D.S.19.93: pf. “μεμάχημαι” Th.7.43, Lys.7.41, Isoc.6.54: late aor. “ἐμαχέσθην” Plu.2.970f, Paus.5.4.9: fut. μαχεσθήσομαι only Sch.rec.A.Th.672:—fight, Hom., etc.; “ὑσμῖνι μ.” Il.2.863; πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μ. ib.452, etc.; “μάχην μ.” X.Ages.5.5: in Hom. mostly of armies and persons fighting as parts of armies, but sts. of single combat, Il.3.91,433, 7.51, 111,279, Od.18.31,39; between men and beasts, Il.15.633, Od.20.15; between beasts, Il.16.824:—Constr.: c. dat. pers., fight with, i. e. against, one, “ἀνδράσιν ἶφι μ.” Il.1.151, cf. S.Ph. 1253, etc.; μ. ἀντία, ἐναντίον τινός, Il.20.88,97; “ἐπί τινι” 5.124, etc.; “πρός τινα” 17.471, but πρὸς δαίμονα against heaven's will, ib.98 (in Att. Prose, mostly c. dat. or “πρός, μ. τοῖς πολεμίοις” D.4.47; “πρὸς ἀλλήλους” Isoc.4.116); μ. σὺν σοί, . . θεά, with thy help, Od.13.390; μετὰ πρώτοισι μ. among the foremost, Il.5.575; μετὰ Βοιωτῶν μ. with them, in their ranks, 13.700; “πρός τινας μετ᾽ ἀλλήλων” Isoc. 10.53, cf. Pl.Smp.179a; κατὰ σφέας γὰρ μαχέονται will fight by themselves, Il.2.366 (but κατ᾽ ἕνα μ. fight in single combat, Hdt. 7.104); μ. πρό τινος before him: hence, metaph., for him, in his defence, Il.4.156, 8.56, X.HG5.4.33, etc.; “ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου” Heraclit. 44; “πάτρας ὕπερ” E.Ph.1002; “Ἕλλησιν ὑπὲρ Ἑλλήνων” Pl.Mx.239b; “περὶ δαιτί” Od.2.245; but later usu. περί τινος, A.Supp.740, Cratin. 163, Hdt.1.95; “ἀμφί τινι” Il.3.70,91; “ἀμφὶ νέκυι” 16.565; “εἵνεκά τινος” 2.377: c. dat. instrum., τόξοισι, πελέκεσσι μ., 7.140, 15.711 (χερσὶ μαχέσσασθαι, of boxers, Od.18.39); μ. ἀπ᾽ ἵππου fight from horseback, Hdt.9.63; τὸ μήπω μεμαχημένον the force that had not yet come into action, Th.7.43.
2. c. acc., fight against, only f.l. in Philostr.Im. 2.23.
II. generally, quarrel, wrangle, “ἔριδι μ.” Il.1.8; μ. ἐπέεσσιν ib.304, etc.; τινι 5.875, 13.118; τῷ παιδὶ μ. make a scene with . . , Thphr.Char.23.8; dispute, argue, “περί τι μ.” Pl.R.342d, etc.
III. contend for the mastery in games, etc., “πὺξ μ.” Il.23.621; measure oneself with or against, τινι 1.272; “παγκράτιον μ.” Ar.V.1190, 1195; “μ. Ὀλυμπιάδα” Philostr.Gym.21.
IV. after Hom., struggle against a force, “ἀνάγκᾳ δ᾽ οὐδὲ θεοὶ μ.” Simon.5.21; “ὄμβρῳ” Alc.Supp.26.4; “πρὸς ἡνίας μ.” A.Pr.1010; “πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας ἢ ἡδονάς” Pl.La.191e; μ. τῷ λιμῷ, τῷ δίψει, X.Cyr.3.1.5.
V. c. inf., struggle, make an effort to do, Arist.HA552a23.
VI. of arguments, propositions, etc., to be in contradiction or inconsistent, “τρία ὁμολογήματα μ. αὐτὰ αὑτοῖς” Pl.Tht. 155b, cf. Plb.16.28.4; “μαχόμενα” Phld.Mus.p.95 K., S.E.P.1.198, al.
