A.“μα^θήσομαι” Thgn.35, Parm.1.31, A. Pr.926, S.Aj.667, OC1527, Pl.Phlb.53e, etc.; Dor. μα^θεῦμαι dub. in Theoc.11.60; late “μαθήσω” Gal.13.450, Sect.Intr.9 (cod. L): aor. “ἔμα^θον” Pi.N.7.18, etc.; Ep. “ἔμμαθον” Od.17.226, μάθον (v. infr.): pf. “μεμάθηκα” Anacr.74, Xenoph.10, Emp.17.9, Ar.Nu.1148, Pl.Euthphr.9c, etc.: plpf. ἐμεμαθήκη ib. 14c; 3sg. “ἐμεμαθήκει” Id.Men.86a; 3pl. “μεμαθήκεσαν” Hp.VM10:—Pass., used by good writers only in pres., as Pl. Ti.87b, Men.88b.—Hom. uses only the Ep. aor. forms μάθον, ἔμμαθες, ἔμμαθε:—learn, esp. by study (but also, by practice, Simon.147, Arist.EN1103a32, Metaph.1049b31, 980b24; by experience, A.Ag.251 (lyr.), Arist.AP0.81a40), thrice in Hom., “ἔργα κακά” Od.17.226,18.362: c. inf., “μάθον ἔμμεναι ἐσθλός” Il.6.444: freq. later, “οὐδὲ μαθόντες γινώσκουσιν” Heraclit.17; “ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡβᾷ τοῖς γέρουσιν εὖ μαθεῖν” A.Ag. 584; ταλάντου τοῦτ᾽ ἔμαθεν for a talent, Ar.Nu.876; οἱ μανθάνοντες learners, pupils, X.Mem.1.2.17; μ. τὰ Ὁμήρου ἔπη learn by heart, Id.Smp.3.5; “μ. βέμβικα” Ar.Av.1461; μ. τί τινος learn from . . , Pi.P.3.80, A.Pr.701, S.OT575, etc.: with Preps., ἐσθλῶν ἄπ᾽ ἐσθλὰ μαθήσεαι Thgn.l.c.; μ. καθ᾽ Ὅμηρον Xenoph.l.c.; “τι ἔκ τινος” S.El.352; “ἐκ ποίων ὀνομάτων μεμαθηκὼς ἦν τὰ πράγματα” Pl.Cra.438a; “παρά τινος” A. Ag.859, S.Ant.1012, etc.; παρά τινος ὅτι . . Isoc.8.67; “πρός τινος” S. OC12; πρὶν μάθοιμ᾽ εἰ . . Id.Ph.961: c. inf., learn to . . , or how to . . , Il. l.c., Pi.P.4.284, A.Pr.1068 (anap.), S.Aj.667; “μ. σεαυτὸν αἰς χύνεσθαι” Democr.244.
II. acquire a habit of, and in past tenses, to be accustomed to . . , c. inf., Emp.17.9, Hp.VM10; “τοὺς μεμαθηκότας ἀριστᾶν” Id.Acut.28; τὸ μεμαθηκός that which is usual, “πρότερον ἢ ὕστερον τοῦ μ.” Id.Mul.2.128; ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσι acquire a habit of idleness, <*> Ep.Ti.5.13.
2. freq. c. part., “μ. τὴν νέα ἐμβαλοῦσαν” Hdt.8.88; “ἔμαθον ταῦτα πρησσόμενα” Id.1.160; “ἵνα μάθῃ σοφιστὴς ὤν” A.Pr.62; “μὴ μάθῃ μ᾽ ἥκοντα” S.Ph.13, cf. E.Ba.1113; μάνθανε ὤν know that you are, S.El.1342; “διαβεβλημένος οὐ μανθάνεις” Hdt.3.1; “εἰ μὴ μανθάνετε κακὰ σπεύδοντες” Th.6.39.
IV. understand (cf Pl.Euthd.277e), “ὡς μάθω σαφέστερον” A.Ch.767; “ὄψ᾽ ἐμάθεθ᾽ ἡμᾶς” E.Ba.1345; “τὰλεγόμενα” Lys.10.15, etc.: c. dat. pers., εἴ μοι μανθάνεις if you take me, Pl. R.394c: freq. in Dialogue, μανθάνεις; d'ye see? Answ., πάνυ μανθάνω perfectly! Ar.Ra.195, cf. Pl.Men.84d. Tht.174b; “εἶεν, μανθάνω” Id.R.372e, cf. Phd.117b, etc.
V. τί μαθών . . ; freq. in questions, lit. under what persuasion, with what idea? hence ironically for why on earth? τί δὴ μ. φαίνεις ἄνευ θρυαλλίδος; Ar.Ach.826, cf. Nu.402, 1506, Lys.599, Pl.908; τί τοῦτο μ. προσέγραψεν; D.20.127 (sts. with v.l. τί παθών; what possessed you to . . ? cf. πάσχω); imitated in later Greek, Ael.Fr.67; also indirectly, because (with a sense of disapprobation), “ὅ τι μαθόντες τοὺς ξένους μὲν λέγετε ποιητὰς σοφούς” Eup.357; “ὅ τι μαθὼν . . οὐχ ἡσυχίαν ἦγον” Pl.Ap.36b; “σοὶ εἰς κεφαλήν, ὅ τι μαθών μου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων καταψεύδη τοιοῦτο πρᾶγμα” Id.Euthd.283e, cf. 299a: even with neut. subject, “ὅμως δ᾽ ἂν κακὰ ἦν, ὅ τι μαθόντα χαίρειν ποιεῖ” Id.Prt.353d.