A.“νικάσκομεν” Od.11.512: fut. -ήσω, later “-ήσομαι” Hierocl.Facet.205; Dor. 2sg. νικαξῇ v.l. in Theoc.21.32: pf. νενίκηκα, etc.: (νίκη):
I. abs., conquer, prevail in battle, in the games, or in any contest, Il.3.439, etc.; ὁ νικήσας the conqueror, ib. 138, X.Smp.5.9, etc.; ὁ νικηθείς the conquered, Il.23.656,663; ἐνίκησα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην I won the first prize [at Olympia], etc., Th.6.16, cf. Isoc.16.33: pres.freq. in sense, to be (or be proclaimed) conqueror, Pi.O.9.112, 13.30, cf. X.Cyr.8.2.27, An.2.1.1; νικᾶν πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς or ἑνὶ κριτῇ in their opinion, Ar.Av.445, 447; πολὺ ν. win a decisive victory, Th.7.34, etc.; “τὰ πάντα ν.” X.An. l.c.: freq. c. dat. modi, πυγμῇ in boxing, Il.23.669; “ναυμαχίῃ” Hdt.7.10.β᾽; “ἵππῳ” Id.6.122; “μάχῃ” E.Ph.1143, etc.; “ἵππῳ ἢ συνωρίδι ἢ ζεύγει” Pl.Ap.36d; “λαμπάδι” And.4.42, etc.: c. acc. cogn. in same sense, πάντα ἐνίκα he won all the bouts, Il.4.389, 5.807; τὰ κοῦφα, τὰ μείζοναν., E.Alc.1029, 1031; “τῶν παλαισμάτων ἓν ν.” Pl.Phdr.256b; “ἅρμα ν.” Pi.I.4(3).25; “παγκράτιον” Th.5.49; ναυμαχίαν, μάχας, Id.7.66, Isoc.12.257, etc.: freq. ν. Ὀλύμπια to be conqueror in the Olympian games, Th.1.126; “τὠλύμπια” Timocl.8.17; “τὰ Παναθήναια” Pl.Ion530b; “ν. Ὀλυμπιάδα” Hdt.9.33 (also “ν. Ὀλυμπίασιν” Pl.Ap.36d; “ἐν Πυθίοισι” Pi.N.2.9): c. dat. et acc., “τὰ Πύθια τῷ τεθρίππῳ ν.” D.59.33; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας οὐ παγκρατίῳ μόνον, κτλ., Plu.2.811d; Ὀλυμπίασι παῖδας στάδιον ν. conquer in the boys' race in the stadium at Olympia, D.58.66: c. dupl. acc., Πύθια ν. ἄνδρας Diog.Cyn. ap. D.L.6.33: also in Att. Inscrr. c. gen., “Λεωντὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐνίκα” IG2.1291, al.: generally c. acc. cogn., νίκην ν. win a victory, E.Supp.1060, Pl.R.465d, etc. (cf. infr. 11); also ν. τρίποδα win it, Simon.147.
2. prevail, be superior, μύθοισιν, ἔγχεϊ, Il.18.252; “δόλοισι” Od.3.121; κάλλει ἐνίκα (sc. κρητήρ) Il.23.742; “πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν νενικηκώς” Pl.Lg.964c: c. part., “εὐεργετῶν ν.” X.Ages.9.7.
3. of opinions, etc., βουλὴ κακὴ νίκησεν the evil counsel prevailed, Od. 10.46; “τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ” Il.1.576, Od.18.404; “ἐνίκα ἡ γνώμη” Hdt.5.36, cf. Th.2.12, etc.; “ἡ νικῶσα βουλή” E.Med.912; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης [γνώμης] according to the prevailing opinion, vote of the majority, X.An.6.1.18, 6.2.12; “ταῦτ᾽ ἐνίκα” S.Ant.274; “νικᾷ πάσαισι ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ νόμος” is carried, Pl.Lg.801a; “σὺν ψάφῳ τᾷ νικεούσᾳ” SIG265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.): freq. of orators, “νικᾷ . . ὁ κακὸς ἐν πλήθει λέγων” E.Or.944; “ν. γνώμῃσι” Hdt.3.82 (so γνώμῃ, v.l. γνώμην, Id.1.61, cf.Ar.V.594): freq. impers., ἐνίκα (sc. ἡ γνώμη) it was resolved, c. inf., ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν it was carried not . . , Hdt.6.101; “τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ᾽ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν” S.Ant.233, etc.; ἐνίκησε . . λοιμὸν εἰρῆσθαι it was the prevailing opinion that . . , Th.2.54; ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ ζῆν it is preferable . . , Pl.Plt.303b.
5. as law-term, ν. τὴν δίκην win one's cause, E.El.955, cf. Ar.V.581; simply “νικᾶν” GDI5011.11 (Gortyn), Arist.Ath.42.1, Rh.Al.1433a6, PHal.1.58 (iii B.C.), etc.; “νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε” Ep.Rom.3.4:—Pass., c. gen., “αἴ κα νικαθῇ τῶν ἐνεχύρων” Schwyzer 177.9 (Crete, v B.C.); v. infr. 11.
II. c. acc., conquer, vanquish, “Ἕκτορα” Il.7.192, etc.: freq. c. dat. modi, “μάχῃ ν. Ἀχαιούς” 16.79; “ἀγορῇ ν. υἷας Ἀχαιῶν” 2.370; “πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα” 20.410; “κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν” 9.130; πάντα ν. ἄνδρα . . κακοῖσιν surpass him in miseries, E.Hec.659; “ν. τινὰ ἔν τινι” Pl.Smp.213e, etc.; μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον excels the whole account, S.OC1224 (lyr.); “νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν” Ep.Rom.12.21: c. acc. cogn., “μάχην ν. τινά” Isoc. 8.58, Aeschin.3.181, etc.:—Pass., “ἔστιν ἃ τῶν ἄθλων δὶς ἕκαστος ἐνικήθη” X.HG4.5.2: c. part., “ν. ἀλεξόμενός τινα” Id.An.1.9.11, etc.
b. as law-term (cf. 1.5), “νίκης τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα” Od.11.545:—Pass., “ἧ δέ κα νικαθῇ” Leg.Gort.1.23, al.; also of objects in dispute, damages, etc., recover, ib.1.28, al.:—Pass., to be assigned, adjudicated, ib.1.55.
2. generally, overpower, esp. of passions, etc., “νόον νίκησε νεοίη” Il.23.604; “μὴ φόβος σὲ νικάτω φρένας” A.Eu.88, cf. 133; “[φύσις] νικᾷ τῷ ἥσσονι τὸ μεῖζον τῆς ἐλπίδος” Democr.176; βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με grievous is the pleasure ye win prevailing over me, S.OC1204: c. inf., μηδ᾽ ἡ βία σε . . νικησάτω τοσόνδε μισεῖν let not violence prevail on thee to . . , Id.Aj.1334: with gen. of comparison, νικᾷ γὰρ ἁρετή με τῆς ἔχθρας πολύ weighs with me more than enmity, from the compar. force in νικᾷ, ib.1357 codd.
3. Pass., to be vanquished, Hom. only in part. νικηθείς (v. supr. 1.1); νικᾶσθαι ὕπνῳ, κέρδεσιν, A.Ag.291, 342; “ἡδονῇ” S.El.1272; “συμφορᾷ” E.Med.1195; also “ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ” Th.2.51; “πρὸς ἱμέρου” S.Fr.932.4, etc.: sts. c. gen., “ἱμέρου νικώμενος” A.Supp.1005; “αὐτῆς <τε> τῆς δίκης . . αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ἀληθοῦς νικᾶσθαι” Antipho 5.87: freq. of persons, νικᾶσθαί τινος, with gen. of comparison, to be inferior, yield to, S.Aj.1353, E.Med.315, Cyc.454; ξείνων νενίκανται θύραι the doors give way to the guests, Pi.N.9.2; “ἢν τοῦτο νικηθῇς ἐμοῦ” Ar.Nu.1087.
