A.hallowed, i. e. sanctioned or allowed by the law of God or of nature, “δίκη” Thgn.132 ; “θοῖναι” A.Pr.529 (lyr.) ; “λουτρά” S.Aj.1405 (anap.); “καθαρμοί” E.Ba.77 (lyr.); “μέλος” Ar.Av.898; οὐχ ὅ. unhallowed, “ὕβρις” E.Ba. 374 (lyr.) ; “ἔρως” Id.Hipp.764 (lyr.); “θυσίαι” Id.IT465 (anap.).—The sense of ὅσιος often depends on its relation on the one hand to δίκαιος (sanctioned by human law), on the other to ἱερός (sacred to the gods):
1. opp. δίκαιος, sanctioned by divine law, hallowed, holy (“μόριον τοῦ δικαίου τὸ ὅ.” Pl.Euthphr.12d), “δικαιότερον καὶ ὁσιώτερον καὶ πρὸς θεῶν καὶ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων” Antipho 1.25 ; “τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους δίκαια καὶ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς ὅ.” Plb.22.10.8 : hence, in a common antithesis, τὰ δίκαια καὶ ὅ. things of human and divine ordinance, Pl. Plt.301d, etc., cf. Euthphr.6e ; also “ὅ. καὶ νόμιμα” Ar.Th.676(lyr.); “οὐ . . νόμιμον οὐδ᾽ ὅ. ἂν εἴη” Pl.Lg.861d; θεοὺς ὅσιόν τι δρᾶν discharge a duty men owe the gods, E.Supp.40, cf. Hipp.1081 ; τὸ ὅσιον, = εὐσέβεια, Pl.Euthphr.5d: in an imprecatory formula, “ἀποδοῦσι μὲν αὐτοῖς ὅσια ᾖ, μὴ ἀποδοῦσι δὲ ἀνόσια” SIG1199 (Cnidus), cf. “ἀνοσία” 11 ; so ὅ. καὶ ἐλεύθερα ib.1180.6 (ibid.).
2. opp. ἱερός, permitted or not forbidden by divine law, profane, ἱερὰ καὶ ὅ. things sacred and profane, “ἐς ὀλιγωρίαν ἐτράποντο καὶ ἱερῶν καὶ ὁ. ὁμοίως” Th.2.52, cf. Pl.R.344a, Lg.857b, etc. ; κοσμεῖν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοῖς ἱεροῖς καὶ τοῖς ὁ. with sacred and profane buildings, Isoc.7.66 ; “τῶν ἱερῶν μὲν χρημάτων τοὺς θεούς, τῶν ὁ. δὲ τὴν πόλιν ἀποστερεῖ” D.24.9 ; “ἀργυρίου ὁσίου” IG12.186.13 ; “ὁ ταμίας τῶν ὁ. προσόδων” OGI229.58 (Smyrna, iii B. C.); “ὁ ταμίας τῶν ὁ.” Supp.Epigr.1.366.58 (Samos, iii B. C.); ὅ. χωρίον a lawful place (for giving birth to a child), Ar.Lys.743 ; ὅσιόν ἐστι folld. by inf., it is lawful, not forbidden by any law, E.IT1045, etc.; “οὐκ ὅσιόν ἐστι” nefas est, Hdt.6.81; οὐκ ὅσιον ποιεῦμαι I deem it impious, Id.2.170, cf. D.Ep.5.3 ; οὐδὲ ὅσια (sc. ἐστι) . . “μιαίνειν” Pl.R.416e ; “οὐ γάρ σοι θέμις οὐδ᾽ ὅσιον . . ἱστάναι κτερίσματα” S.El.432 ; “ὅσια ποιέειν” Hdt.6.86.α᾽; “λέγειν” Id.9.79 ; “φωνεῖν” S.Ph.662 ; “φρονεῖν” E.El.1203 (lyr.).
II. of persons, pious, devout, religious, “ἄνδρες” A.Supp.27 (anap.), cf. E.Med.850 (lyr.), etc.; “Παλλάδος ὁ. πόλις” Id.El.1320 (anap.); ὅ. θιασῶται, μύσται, Ar.Ra.327,336 (both lyr.); “ἐμαυτὸν ὅ. καὶ δίκαιον παρέχειν” Antipho 2.2.2; “ὅσιοι πρὸς οὐ δικαίους ἱστάμεθα” Th.5.104 ; opp. ἀνόσιος, E.Or.547; opp. ἐπίορκος, X.An.2.6.25 ; ὅσιος εἴς τινα, περὶ ξένους, E.Heracl.719, Cyc.125 ; “πρὸς τοὺς τοκέας” Gorg.6.
2. sinless, pure, “ἐξ ὁ. στομάτων” Emp.4.2 ; ὅ. ἔστω καὶ εὐαγής Lex Solonis ap.And.1.96: c. gen., ἱερῶν πατρῴων ὅσιος in regard to the sacred rites of his forefathers, A.Th.1015; “ὅσιος ἀπ᾽ εὐνᾶς” E.Ion150 (lyr.); also ὅσιαι χέρες pure, clean hands, A.Ch.378 (anap.), cf. S.OC470.
3. rarely of the gods, holy, Orph.H.77.2 ; “θεοῖς ὁ. καὶ δικαίοις” CIG3830 (Cotyaeum), cf. 3594 (Alexandria Troas).
4. title of five special priests at Delphi, Plu.2.292d, 365a.
5. οἱ ὅσιοι 'the saints', LXX Ps. 29(30).4, al.
III. Adv. “ὁσίως” Antipho 2.4.12, etc.; “ὁ. οὔχ, ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκας δέ” E.Supp.63 (lyr.); “οὐχ ὁ.” Id.Hipp.1287 (anap.), cf. Th.2.5 (v. l.); “καλῶς καὶ ὁ.” Pl.Phd.113d ; “δικαίως καὶ ὁ.” Id.R.331a ; “ὁ. καὶ κατὰ νόμον” Id.Lg.799b ; ὁ. ἂν ὑμῖν ἔχοι τοῦτον θύειν . . it would be right for you that he should . . , X.Cyr.8.5.26 : c. part., ὁ. ἂν ἔχοι αὐτῷ μὴ δεχομένῳ . . Id.HG4.7.2 : Comp. “-ώτερον” E.IT1194, etc.: Sup., “ὡς -ώτατα διαβιῶναι τὸν βίον” Pl.Men.81b, etc. (Not in Hom., who has only Subst. ὁσίη, v. ὁσία.）
