A.“ἔπασχον” 17.375, etc. : fut. “πείσομαι” Od.2.134, etc. ; Dor. 3sg. “παισεῖται” Abh.Berl.Akad.1925(5).21 (Cyrene, iii B.C.) : aor. “ἔπα^θον” Il.9.492, etc.: pf. “πέπονθα” Od.13.6, etc.: plpf. ἐπεπόνθειν ib.92, etc.; Att. “ἐπεπόνθη” Pl.Smp.198c (all the above tenses in Hom., pres. and aor. only in Hes.). —Rarer forms, 2pl. pf. πέπασθε (so Aristarch.) Il.3.99, “πέποσθε” Od. 23.53 ; fem. pf. part. “πεπα^θυῖα” 17.555 ; Dor. pf. “πέποσχα” Stesich. 89, Epich.11, PCair.Zen. 482.18 (iii B.C.) :—have something done to one, suffer, opp. do, “ὅσσ᾽ ἔρξαν τ᾽ ἔπαθόν τε” Od.8.490 ; “ῥέζοντά τι καὶ παθεῖν ἔοικεν” Pi.N.4.32 ; δρᾶν καὶ πάσχειν, v. δράω ; πολλὰ μὲν . . πείσεσθαι, πολλὰ δὲ ποιήσειν Hdt.5.89, etc. : hence used as Pass. of ποιέω (cf. Arist. Cat.2a4, Metaph. 1017a26, Plot.3.6.8, etc.), π. τι ὑπό τινος to be treated so and so by another, suffer it at his hands, “ἃ πάσχοντες ὑφ᾽ ἑτέρων ὀργίζεσθε, ταῦτα τοὺς ἄλλους μὴ ποιεῖτε” Isoc.3.61, cf. Hdt.1.44, 124,al. ; “ἐξ ἐμοῦ μὲν ἔπαθες οἷα φῂς παθεῖν, δρᾷς δ᾽ οὐδὲν ἡμᾶς εὖ” E.Hec.252 ; “οἷα πρὸς θεῶν πάσχω θεός” A.Pr.92, cf. Hdt.1.36.
II. to have something happen to one, to be or come to be in a state or case, “καί τι ἔφη γελοῖον παθεῖν” Pl.Smp. 174e ; “ὅπερ οἱ τὰς ἐγχέλεις θηρώμενοι πέπονθας” Ar.Eq.846, cf. V.946 ; ὁρᾶτε μὴ ταὐτὸ πάθητε τῷ ἵππῳ see that it be not with you as with the horse in the fable, Arist. Rh. 1393b20, cf. Pl.R.488a ; παραπλ ήσιον π. ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ . . Isoc.1.27 ; ὁμοιότατον πεπονθέναι ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις . . Pl.Phd.98c.
2. of the influence of passion or feeling, to be affected in a certain way, be (or come to be) in a certain state of mind, “οἱ Καμαριναῖοι ἐπεπόνθεσαν τοιόνδε” Th.6.88, cf. 1.80, D.20.56 ; “ὅ τι μὲν ὑμεῖς πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων οὐκ οἶδα” Pl.Ap.17a, cf. 21c,22c, Alc.1.118b, Smp.198c ; “π. τι πρός τινας” Isoc.2.42, Pl.Grg.485b, cf. X.Smp.4.11, 8.15, etc. ; “τι ἔς τινας” Th.6.11 : sts. with Adj., ὑϊκὸν πάσχει he is swinishly disposed, X.Mem.1.2.30 : abs., ὁ πάσχων the man of feeling or impulse, ὁ μὴ πάσχων the unimpassioned man, Arist.MM1203b21.
3. of things, πεπόνθασι . . αἱ Ἰώνων ὁρταὶ τοῦτο this is the case with . . , Hdt.1.148 ; πάσχει δὲ ταὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ κάρδαμα this is just the way with . . , Ar.Nu.234 ; “οἷον τὰ γράμματα πεπονθότ᾽ ἂν εἴη” Pl.Sph.253a ; ὁμοίως π. τῷ Νείλῳ to be in the same case with . . , Hdt.2.20.
4. Gramm., of words, to be subject to certain changes, EM 200.11, 491.2, etc. ; τὸ πεπονθός a modified form, A.D.Adv.137.16.
b. to be passive in meaning, Id.Synt. 244.6,al.
III. freq. with Advbs., κακῶς πάσχειν or παθεῖν to be in evil plight, unlucky, Od.16.275, Hdt.3.146, etc. ; κακῶς π. ὑπό τινος to be ill used, ill treated by . . , A.Pr.1041 (anap.) ; ἐκ Διὸς π. κακῶς ib.759 (but also κακὸν π. ὑ. τ. Th.8.48) : freq. with an Adj., κακά, αἰνά, λυγρὰ π . , Il.3.99, 22.431, Hdt.9.37 ; “ἀνάρσια πρός τινος” Id.5.89 : freq. in Trag. , π. δύσοιστα, τάλανα, ἀμήχανα, οἰκτρά, σχέτλια, ἀνάξια, A.Eu.789 (lyr.), Th.988 (dub.), E.Hipp.598, Hec.321, Andr.1180 (dub.), IA852 : also in Prose, δεινά, βίαια π., D.51.19, 21.1, etc. ; πρέποντα πάσχειν Anti-pho 3.3.9 : in Hom. also with Subst., ἄλγεα, κήδεα, πήματα, ἀεκήλια ἔργα, Il.20.297, Od.17.555, Il.5.886, 18.77 : rarely in Att., “πράγματ᾽ αἴσχιστ᾽ ἂν ἐπάθομεν” D.21.17.
b. εὖ πάσχειν to be well off, in good case, c. gen., τῶν αὑτοῦ (leg. ὧν αὐτοῦ, cf. ὅς Possess.) κτεάνων εὖ πασχέμεν to have the good of, enjoy one's own, like ἀπολαύω, γεύομαι, etc., Thgn. 1009, cf. Pi.N.1.32 ; εὖ πάσχειν receive benefits, opp. εὖ δρᾶν, A.Eu.868, Th.2.40, etc. ; “ἀνθ᾽ ὧν ἔπασχον εὖ . . χάριν δοῦναι” S.OC1489 ; “τιμᾶσθαι . . ἐν τῇ μνήμῃ τῶν εὖ πεπονθότων” Aeschin.3.182 ; “εὖ παθεῖν ὑπό τινων” Pl.Grg.519d, etc. : also with an Adj., “π. ἀγαθά” Hdt.2.37 ; “τι ἐσλόν” Pi.P.9.89, cf. Alc.Supp.22.5 ; “τερπνόν τι” S. Aj.521, cf. Theoc.7.83 ; χαρτά, ὅσια, E.Ph.618, Hec. 788 ; γλυκέα, χαρίεντα π., Ar.Pax591, Ec.794 ; “δίκαια” Din.1.10 ; “φιλικὰ ὑπό τινος” X.Cyr.4.6.6.
2. without Adv., with reference to evil, used for κακῶς or “κακὰπ. , μάλα πόλλ᾽ ἔπαθον καὶ πόλλ᾽ ἐμόγησα” Od.5.223, cf. Il. 23.607 ; “εἴ κεν μάλα πολλὰ πάθοι” 22.220 ; ὁτιοῦν π. suffer anything whatever, Isoc.12.133, etc. : abs. , παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω by hard experience, Hes. Op.218, cf. S.OT403 ; ὁ παθών the injured parly, Pl. Lg.730a, 878c :—Phrases : μή τι πάθῃς or πάθοι, lest thou, lest he suffer any ill, Od.17.596, Il.5.567, cf. 11.470, etc. ; “μή τι πάθωμεν” 13.52 : hence εἴ τι πάθοιμι or ἤν τι πάθω, as euphemism, if aught were to happen to me, i.e. if I were to die, Callin.1.17, Hdt.8.102, Ar.Ec.1105, V.385, Lys.19.51, Theoc.8.10 ; “ἂν οὗτός τι πάθῃ” D.4.11 ; “ἐάν τινα ἀνθρώπινα πάσχῃ” IG3.74.13 ; so “εἴ τι πείσεται . . ἅδε γᾶ” E.Ph.244 (lyr.) ; “ἤν τι ναῦς πάθῃ” Id.IT755, cf. Syngr. ap. D.35.13.
b. in Law, suffer punishment, pay the penalty, Lys.20.30 ; “π. ὡς ἱερόσυλος” SIG 1016.7 (Iasos, iv B. C.), cf. 1 Ep.Pet.4.15 ; ὡς προδότης καὶ ἐπιβουλεύων τῷ δήμῳ πασχέτω τι Aen. Tact.11.9 ; “τιμᾶν ὅ τι χρὴ παθεῖν . . ἢ ἀποτεῖσαι” Pl.Plt.299a (-τίνειν codd.), cf. Ap.36b, X.Mem.2.9.5, IG12.65.50, etc.
3. τί πάθω ; what is to become of me? ὤμοι ἐγώ, τί π. ; Il.11.404, Od.5.465, S.OC216 (lyr.), Theoc.3.24 ; sts. what (else) am I to do? Ar.Nu.798 ; so esp. τί γὰρ π. ; E.Hec.614, Supp.257, Ar.Av. 1432, etc. ; ὡμολόγηκα: τί γὰρ π. ; I allow it—how can I help it? Pl.Euthd. 302d, cf. Hdt.4.118.
4. in 2sg., τί πάσχεις ; what's the matter with you? Ar.Nu.708, Av.1044 ; τί χρῆμα πάσχεις ; Id.Nu.816 : so in aor. part., τί παθών ; τί παθόντε λελάσμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς ; what possesses us that we have forgotten . . ? Il.11.313 ; but τί παθόντες γαῖαν ἔδυτε ; what befell you that you died ? Od.24.106 ; also οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἔπαθεν . . πεισθείς no wonder that he was induced, Antipho 2.4.7.
5. to be ill, suffer, c. acc. of the part affected, π. τοὺς πόδας, τὴν πλευράν, PSI4.293.23 (iii A. D.), PGen.56.27 (iv A. D.) : abs. in part., ὁ πάσχων, almost = ὁ κάμνων, the patient, PMag. Par.1.3017 ; “μεταβαίνει ἀπὸ τῶν παθῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς πάσχοντας ἀνθρώπους” Gal.16.583, cf. 15.501, Sor.Fasc. 45, al.
IV. in later Stoic Philos., πάσχειν is to be acted upon by outward objects, take impressions from, them, opp. ἀποπάσχω, mostly folld. by ὅτι, to be led to suppose that . . , Arr.Epict.1.2.3, 1.18.1, etc. : also c. acc., have experience of, ἀρετήν, λόγον, Ph.2.449, 1.121. (Πṇθσκω, fut. Πένθ-σομαι, cf. πένθος.)
