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περί , Thess., Delph. περ IG9(2).517.17 (iii B.C.), al., Schwyzer 323 A4 (v/iv B.C.), also Aeol., v. infr. A. V ; Elean παρ ib.413.4 : Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.:—
A.round about, all round (prop. different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Skt. pári 'round about'.)
A. WITH GENITIVE,
I. of Place, sts. in Poets, round about, around, “τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίςOd.5.68 ; “τείχη π. ΔαρδανίαςE. Tr.818 (lyr., s.v.l.); “εἴλυμα π. χροόςA.R.2.1129 : rarely, like ἀμφί, on both sides, v. περιβαίνω 1 fin.
2. about near, “π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδαIG14.2508 (Nemausus).
II. to denote the object about or for which one does something:
1. with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, Il.23.659 ; “π. πτόλιος . . μαχήσεται18.265 ; π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος ib.195, cf. 17.120; “π. σεῖο3.137 ; “π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον15.416; ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων, 12.243,142,170, etc.; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, Od.9.423 ; “π. ψυχῆς θέον ἝκτοροςIl.22.161 ; “π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντοOd.22.245; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, Hdt.7.57,9.37; “ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶνId.8.102; “νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶνAr. Ra.191 ; <“τὸν> π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντεςHdt.8.74; κινδυνεύειν π. τινός ibid., etc.; “οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων κίνδυνός ἐστιX.HG7.1.7; and without a Verb, “π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραίTh.1.122; “π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ἀγώνX.Cyr. 3.3.44, cf. S.Aj.936(lyr.), etc.; “μάχη π. τινόςPl.Tht.179d ; “ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκηςIl.23.437, cf. 639, Hdt.8.26 ; “πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαιPi.N.9.29 ; “π. θανάτου φεύγεινAntipho 5.95 ; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, Il.15.284 ; “καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξωνOd.8.225, cf. 24.515.
4. of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, Il.7.301, cf. 16.476, 20.253.
V. Aeol. περί and περ = ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς . . δίννεντες πτέρα Sapph.1.10; περ κεφάλας prob. in Alc.93, cf. 18 ; “περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαιTheoc.29.25; also Hellenistic, διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.790.23 (iii B. C.), cf. UPZ57.12 (ii B. C.).
B. WITH DATIVE (in Att. Prose mostly in signf. 11, esp. in Th.),
I. of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., “ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶναIl.10.21 ; “χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνενOd.15.60 ; “δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐIl.13.241 ; “ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόνOd.24.467; “κνημῖδας . . π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκεIl.11.17 ; “βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι12.401 : in Prose, “π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάραςHdt.7.61; “θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχεινX.Cyr.1.2.13; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί ib.1.3.2. ; “π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄνταPl.R.359e, etc.; “χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσιIl.13.245; “χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι2.416 ; “πήληξ . . κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι15.648; in other relations, π. δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear, 2.389 ; “δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ22.95 ; “κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ1.317; “π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση23.598; “μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν18.453 : rarely in Trag., “π. βρέτει πλεχθείςA.Eu.259 (lyr.); “κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷS.Ant.1240.
3. generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, v.l. for ὑπὸ καπνοῦ in Il.8.183; “μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἙλλάςHdt.9.101; “π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαιTh.6.33 ; “π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναιId.1.69 : in Poets, π. δείματι for fear, Pi.P.5.58 ; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, ib.2.59; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, A.Pers.696 (lyr.), Ch.35(lyr.); “π. χάρματιh.Cer.429:—but π. θυμῷ is f.l. in Hdt.3.50.
C. WITH ACCUSATIVE,
I. of Place, prop. of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, Od.11.42 ; “π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππουςIl.23.13 ; “π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι22.162 ; ἄστυ πέρι . . διώκειν ib.173,230 ; “ἐρύσας π. σῆμα24.16, cf. 51, etc.; “π. φρένας ἤλυθ᾽ ἰωή10.139 ; “π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνοςOd.9.362 : also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, Il.18.374, Od.13.187, etc.; “λέξασθαι π. ἄστυIl.8.519 ; “μάρνασθαι π. .6.256, etc.; “φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα12.303; οἳ π. Πηνειὸν . . ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην . . οἰκί᾽ ἔθεντο, 2.757, 750; “σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην8.25, cf. Od.18.67: in Prose, “ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματεIG12.371.22; “φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναιX.An. 5.1.9; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, Pl.Phdr.259a, cf. X.Cyr. 1.2.9; “εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώId.Cyn.4.4; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, Ar.Ach. 1180; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, D.2.10; “ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλαςTh.7.23; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, Hdt.7.103 ; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα . . τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who . . , Antipho 4.4.2 : freq. with a Subst. only, π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, X.HG2.3.32 ; “οἱ π. τὴν ἜφεσονPl.Tht.179e; “στρατηγοὶ π. ΠελοπόννησονIG12.324.18 : strengthd., “π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε τάφρονIl.17.760; “π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κύματαHes.Th.848 ; cf. ἀμφί c. 1.2.
2. of persons who are about one, “ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόνX.HG5.3.22 ; esp. οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues, “οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβειςTh.8.63 ; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, Pl.Cra.440c, cf. X.An.1.5.8, etc.; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, Id.HG5.4.2, cf. An.2.4.2, etc.; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later οἱ π. τινά, periphr. for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, Plu.Pyrrh.20, cf. Tim.13, IGRom.3.883.14 (Tarsus, ii/iii A.D.); cf. ἀμφί C. 1.3.
5. about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, Hdt.3.13, 6.26 ; “εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούςPl.Smp.193a ; “ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένουςX.Cyr.5.2.10 ; “ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάςId.An.3.2.20; “ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν ἈθηναίωνIG12.59.10 ; “ἄνδρ᾽ ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλινAr.Ach.696 ; “τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέραLys.10.21 ; “οὐδεμία συμφορὴ . . ἔσται . . π. οἶκον τὸν σόνHdt.8.102 ; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, Id.1.158, Pl.Grg. 507a; “τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθένταHdt.3.76 ; “καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖαPl. Euthphr.3b ; “π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖνX.Mem.1.1.20 ; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, Isoc.1.10: without a Verb, “αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραίX.Cyr.7.2.20; “ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλειαIsoc.9.2; “ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησιςPl.Phdr.246b: generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of, “π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχειHdt.2.93, cf. 8.86; “πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμαPl.Prt.313d; “ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦταAeschin.1.42 ; γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς ib.126 ; “ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν ἈστύοχονTh.8.84; as to (cf. A. 11.5), “π. τὸ παρὸν πάθοςPl.Tht.179c, cf. Phd.65a : freq. in place of an Adj., ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά, Id.R.370d ; “οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμουςId.Cri.50d ; “αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναίId.Phlb.51e ; also in place of a gen., οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., Id.Phdr.279a; π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., X.HG5.4.2 ; “ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόνArist.EN1149b19 : in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, Hdt.1.95, 2.113, 4.154 ; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, Id.7.37; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, Th.1.13; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (v.l. for τῆς ναυμαχίας) the events of . . , Id.8.63; “τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμονPl.R.468a; “τὰ π. τὸ σῶμαId.Phdr.246d; “τὰ π. τοὺς θεούςX.Cyr.8.1.23, etc.; cf. ἀμφί c.1.4.
2. of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, Id.1.54; “π. ἑπτακοσίουςX.HG2.4.5, etc.
D. Position: π. may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe, “ἄστυ πέριIl.22.173; “ἔριδος πέρι16.476: most freq. with gen., “τοῦδε πράγματος πέριA.Eu.630; “τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέριId.Th. 248, etc. (S. only once uses it before its gen., Aj.150 (anap.)): in Prose, “σφέων αὐτῶν πέριHdt.8.36; “σοφίας πέριPl.Phlb.49a; “δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκωνId.Grg.455a, etc.; “γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέριId.Lg.809e, cf. Ap.19c.
E. περί abs., as ADV., around, about, also, near, by, freq. in Hom., “γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθώνIl.19.362, al.: strengthd., “περί τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητοround about, h.Cer.276, cf. Call.Hec.1.1.13.
F. IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur, esp.
I. extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.
II. completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.
IV. generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Lat. per-.
V. the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compd., περιδέξιος (q.v.).
G. PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in Il. or Od. (“περ᾽ ἰγνύσιh.Merc.152); once in Hes., “περίαχεTh.678 (cf. Q.S.3.601, 11.382), v. ἰάχω fin.; “περ᾽ ἰγνύῃσιTheoc.25.242 ; “περ᾽ ἨδάλιονInscr.Cypr. 135.27 H.; also in Pi., “περάπτωνP.3.52 ; “περόδοιςN.11.40; “περιδαῖοςFr.154 ; “περ᾽ αὐτᾶςP.4.265 ; “ταύτας περ᾽ ἀτλάτου πάθαςO.6.38 : not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. ll. in A.Ag.1147, Eu.634); in Com. and codd. of Prose writers only in part. of περίειμι εἶμι ibo) (q. v.):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Com., περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, Ar.Eq.1005 sq.:—Aeol. περρ metri gr., v. A. 5.
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (285):
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    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.4.1
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 8.1.23
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.6.13
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 2.2.13
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 3.3.44
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 5.2.10
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 7.2.20
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 7.5.60
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.50
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.52
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.4.5
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 5.3.22
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 5.4.2
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 7.4.28
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.2.4
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.32
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 7.1.7
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 2.3.10
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 1.1.20
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 1.3.8
    • Xenophon, On the Art of Horsemanship, 1.6
    • Xenophon, On Hunting, 4.4
    • Xenophon, On the Art of Horsemanship, 6.3
    • Homer, Iliad, 10.21
    • Homer, Iliad, 10.240
    • Homer, Iliad, 11.557
    • Homer, Iliad, 12.243
    • Homer, Iliad, 12.401
    • Homer, Iliad, 13.241
    • Homer, Iliad, 13.441
    • Homer, Iliad, 13.570
    • Homer, Iliad, 16.157
    • Homer, Iliad, 16.476
    • Homer, Iliad, 16.568
    • Homer, Iliad, 17.4
    • Homer, Iliad, 17.760
    • Homer, Iliad, 18.374
    • Homer, Iliad, 1.317
    • Homer, Iliad, 20.17
    • Homer, Iliad, 21.566
    • Homer, Iliad, 22.161
    • Homer, Iliad, 22.162
    • Homer, Iliad, 23.437
    • Homer, Iliad, 23.659
    • Homer, Iliad, 6.256
    • Homer, Iliad, 7.289
    • Homer, Iliad, 8.161
    • Homer, Iliad, 8.183
    • Homer, Odyssey, 15.60
    • Homer, Odyssey, 16.234
    • Homer, Odyssey, 18.67
    • Homer, Odyssey, 22.245
    • Homer, Odyssey, 2.88
    • Homer, Odyssey, 5.36
    • Homer, Odyssey, 5.68
    • Sophocles, Trachiniae, 77
    • Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 1147
    • Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 2.1129
    • Polybius, Histories, 1.54.5
    • Polybius, Histories, 5.24.12
    • Aristophanes, Acharnians, 696
    • Thucydides, Histories, 6.34
    • Thucydides, Histories, 7.23
    • Thucydides, Histories, 8.14
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.69
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.89
    • Thucydides, Histories, 7.31
    • Plutarch, Timoleon, 13
    • Plutarch, Pyrrhus, 20
    • Aelian, De Natura Animalium, 9.34
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