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πρός , Prep., expressing direction,
A.on the side of, in the direction of, hence c. gen., dat., and acc., from, at, to: Ep. also προτί and ποτί , in Hom. usually c. acc., more rarely c. dat., and each only once c. gen., Il.11.831, 22.198:—dialectal forms: Dor.ποτί (q. v.) and ποί , but Cret. πορτί Leg.Gort.5.44, etc., Argive προτ ( ί ) Schwyzer 84.3 (found at Tylisus, V B.C.), restored in Mnemos.57.208(Argos, vi B.C.), and in Alcm.30; Arc., Cypr. πός SIG306.11 (Tegea, iv B.C.), Inscr.Cypr. 135.19H., also sts. in Asia Minor in compds., v. ποσάγω, ποσφέρω; Aeol. πρός Sapph.69 (προσ-), 109, Alc.20 (s. v.l.); πρές Jo.Gramm. Comp.3.10; Pamphylian περτί) Schwyzer 686.7, 686a4. (With προτί , πρός cf. Skt. práti 'towards, near to, against, back, etc.', Slav. protiv[ucaron], Lett. pret 'against', Lat. pretium: ποτί (q. v.) and πός are not cogn.) A. WITH GEN., πρός refers to that from which something comes:
b. in the eyes of,ἄδικον οὐδὲν οὔτε π. θεῶν οὔτε π. ἀνθρώπωνTh.1.71, cf. X.An.1.6.6, etc.; ὅσιος π. θεῶν Lex ap.And.1.97; κατειπάτω . . ἁγνῶς π. τοῦ θεοῦ if he wishes to be pure in the sight of the god, SIG986.9, cf. 17 (Chios, v/iv B. C.); “ γὰρ καιρὸς π. ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχειPi.P.4.286.
4. in supplication or adjuration, before, and so, in the name of,σε . . γουνάζομαι . . π. τ᾽ ἀλόχου καὶ πατρόςOd.11.67; “π. θεῶν πατρῴωνS.Ant.839 (lyr.), etc.; ἱκετεύω, ἀντιβολῶ π. παίδων, π. γυναικῶν, etc., D.28.20, etc.: the verb is freq. omitted with π. θεῶν or τῶν θεῶν, E.Hec.551, S.OT1037, Ar.V.760; “π. τοῦ ΔιόςId.Av.130: less freq. with other words, “π. τῆς ἑστίαςE.Fr.953.39; “π. ΧαρίτωνLuc.Hist.Conscr.14; “μὴ π. γενείουS.El.1208; “μὴ π. ξενίας τᾶς σᾶςId.OC515 (lyr.): sts. in questions, π. θεῶν, τίς οὕτως εὐήθης ἐστίν; in heaven's name, D.1.15; “π. τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς . . ;Din.1.45; “ἆρ᾽ οὖν, π. Διός, . . ;Pl.R.459a, cf. Ap.26e: sts. in Trag. with the pron. σε between prep. and case, “π. νύν σε πατρὸς π. τε μητρός . . ἱκνοῦμαιS.Ph. 468; “μὴ π. σε γονάτωνE.Med.324.
II. of effects proceeding from what cause soever:
1. from, at the hand of, with Verbs of having, receiving, etc., “ὡς ἂν . . τιμὴν καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι π. πάντων ΔαναῶνIl.16.85, cf. 1.160, etc.; “τιμὴν π. Ζηνὸς ἔχοντεςOd.11.302; “δίδοι οἱ . . χάριν ποτ᾽ ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνωνPi.O.7.90; “ἄνθεα τιμῆς πρὸς θνητῶν ἀνελέσθαιEmp.4.7; “φυλακῆς π. δήμου κυρῆσαιHdt.1.59; “τυχεῖν τινος π. θεῶνA.Th.550, cf. S.Aj.527; “λαχὼν π. δαιμόνων ὄλβονPi.N.9.45; “κακόν τι π. θεῶν π. ἀνθρώπων λαβεῖνHdt.2.139, etc.; “μανθάνειν π. ἀστῶνS.OC13: with passive Verbs, προτὶ Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι to have been taught by . . , Il.11.831, cf. S.OT357; “ἄριστα πεποίηται . . πρὸς ΤρώωνIl.6.57; αἴσχε᾽ ἀκούω π. Τρώων ib.525, cf. Heraclit.79; “ταῦτα . . π. τούτου κλύεινS.OT429; “οὐ λέγεται π. οὐδαμῶνHdt.1.47; ἀτιμάζεσθαι, τετιμῆσθαι π. τινῶν, ib.61,2.75; also “λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι π. τινῶνId.1.120; παθεῖν τι π. τινός at the hand of, ib.73; “π. ἀλλήλοιν θανεῖνE. Ph.1269, cf. S.OT1237; π. τῆς τύχης ὄλωλεν ib.949; “τὸ ποιεύμενον π. τῶν ΛακεδαιμονίωνHdt.7.209; “αἰτηθέντες π. τινὸς χρήματαId.8.111; “ἱμέρου βέλει π. σοῦ τέθαλπταιA.Pr.650: with an Adj. or Subst., “τιμήεσσα π. πόσιοςOd.18.162; “ἐπίφθονος π. τῶν πλεόνων ἀνθρώπωνHdt.7.139; “ἔρημος π. φίλωνS.Ant.919; “ἀπαθὴς π. ἀστῶνPi.P.4.297; “πειθὼ π. τινόςS.El.562; “π. Τρώων . . κλέος εἶναιIl.22.514; ἄρκεσις π. ἀνδρός, δόξα π. ἀνθρώπων, S.OC73, E.Heracl.624 (lyr.); “ἐλίπετο ἀθάνατον μνήμην π. ἙλλησποντίωνHdt.4.144: with an Adv., οἶμαι γὰρ ἂν οὐκ ἀχαρίστως μοι ἔχειν οὔτε π. ὑμῶν οὔτε π. τῆς Ἑλλάδος I shall meet with no ingratitude at your hands, X.An.2.3.18, cf. Pl.R. 463d.
2. of things, π. τίνος ποτ᾽ αἰτίας [τέθνηκεν]; from of by what cause? S.OT1236; π. ἀμπλακημάτων by or by reason of . . , Id.Ant.51.
III. of dependence or close connexion: hence,
1. dependent on one, under one's protection,π. Διός εἰσι ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τεOd.6.207,14.57; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας π. Διὸς εἰρύαται by commission from him, Il.1.239; π. ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις at the bidding of another, 6.456.
2. on one's side, in one's favour, Hdt.1.75,124, S.OT1434, Tr.479, etc.; “π. τῶν ἐχόντων . . τὸν νόμον τίθηςE.Alc. 57.
IV. of that which is derivable from: hence, agreeable to, becoming, like,τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔργα οὐ π. τοῦ ἅπαντος ἀνδρὸς νενόμικα γίνεσθαι, ἀλλὰπ. ψυχῆς τε ἀγαθῆς καὶ ῥώμης ἀνδρηΐηςHdt.7.153, cf.5.12; κάρτα π. γυναικὸς αἴρεσθαι κέαρ 'tis very like a woman, A.Ag.592, cf. 1636; “οὐ π. ἰατροῦ σοφοῦ θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδάςS.Aj.581, cf. Ar.V.369, E.Hel.950, etc.; “π. σοῦ ἐστιId.HF585, etc.; “οὐκ ἦν π. τοῦ Κύρου τρόπουX.An. 1.2.11, etc.: of qualities, etc., “π. δυσσεβείαςA.Ch.704; π. δίκης οὐδὲν τρέμων agreeably to justice, S.OT1014, cf.El.1211; “οὐ π. τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξηςTh.3.59; ἐάν τι ἡμῖν π. λόγου if it be at all to our purpose, Pl.Grg.459c; “εἰ τόδε π. τρόπου λέγωcorrectly, Id.R.470c; but π. τρόπου τι ὠνεῖσθαι buy at a reasonable price, Thphr.Char.30.12; “τὰ γενήματα π. ἐλάσσονος τιμᾶς πωλῶνIG5(2).515.14 (Lycosura); π. ἀγαθοῦ, π. κακοῦ τινί ἐστι or γίγνεται, it is to one's advantage or otherwise, Arist.Mu.397a30, Arr.An.7.16.5, Hld.7.12; π. ἀτιμίας λαβεῖν τι to take a thing as an insult, regard it so, Plu.Cic.13; “π. δέους λαβεῖν τιId.Flam.7; λαβεῖν τι π. ὀργῆς (v.l. ὀργήν) J.AJ8.1.3; μοι π. εὐκλείας γένοιτο ib. 18.7.7; τῷ δήμῳ π. αἰσχύνης ἂν ἦν, π. ὀνείδους ἂν ἦν τῇ πόλει, Lib.Decl.43.27,28.
B. WITH DAT., it expresses proximity, hard by, near, at,ποτὶ γαίῃOd.8.190, 11.423; “ποτὶ γούνασιIl.5.408; ποτὶ δρυσίν among the oaks, 14.398 (nisi leg. περί)“; πρὸς ἄκμονι χαλκεύεινPi.P.1.86; ποτὶ γραμμᾷ στᾶσαί τινα ib.9.118; ἄγκυραν ποτὶ ναΐ κρημνάντων ib.4.24; “δῆσαί τινα πρὸς φάραγγιA.Pr.15; “νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ π. κύματιId.Th.210; “π. μέσῃ ἀγορᾷS.Tr.371; “π. Ἀργείων στρατῷId.Aj.95; “π. πέδῳ κεῖταιId.OT180 (lyr.); θακεῖν π. ναοῖς ib.20, cf. A.Eu. 855; “π. ἡλίου ναίουσι πηγαῖςId.Pr.808; “π. τῇ γῇ ναυμαχεῖνTh. 7.34; ἐς μάχην καθίστασθαι π. (v.l. ὑπ᾽)“ αὐτῇ τῇ πόλειId.2.79; “τεῖχος π. τῇ θαλάσσῃId.3.105; “αἱ π. θαλάττῃ πόλειςX.HG4.8.1; τὸ π. Αἰγίνῃ στράτευμα off Aegina, Th.1.105; Αίβυες οἱ π. Αἰγύπτῳ bordering on . . , ib.104; τὸ π. ποσί that which is close to the feet, before one, S.OT130, etc.; θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδὰς π . . . πήματι over it, Id.Aj.582; αἱ π. τῇ βάσει γωνίαι the angles at the base, Euc.1.5,al.; “τὴν π. τῷ . . ιερῷ κρήνηνIG22.338.13, cf. SIG1040.15 (Piraeus, iv B. C.), al.
4. sts. with a notion of clinging closely, προτὶ οἷ λάβε clasped to him, Il.20.418; “προτὶ οἷ εἷλε21.507; “πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχονταιOd.5.329; “προσπεπλασμένας . . π. ὄρεσιHdt.3.111; π. δμῳαῖσι κλίνομαι fall into the arms of . . , S.Ant.1189; “π. τινίclose to, Men. Epit.204.
III. to express union or addition, once in Hom., ἄασάν μ᾽ ἕταροί τε κακοὶ π. τοῖσί τε ὕπνος and besides them sleep, Od.10.68; “π. τοῖς παροῦσιν ἄλλαin addition to, A.Pr.323, cf. Pers.531, Xenoph.8.3. Emp.59.3; “ἄλλους π. ἑαυτῷTh.1.90; π. ταῖς ἡμετέραις [τριήρεσι] Id.6.90; “δέκα μῆνας π. ἄλλοις πέντεS.Tr.45; “τρίτος . . π. δέκ᾽ ἄλλαισιν γοναῖςA.Pr.774; κυβερνήτης π. τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ in addition to his trade of leather-cutter, Pl.R.397e: freq. with neut. Adjs., π. τῷ νέῳ ἁπαλός besides his youth, Id.Smp.195c, cf. Tht. 185e; “π. τῷ βλαβερῷ καὶ ἀηδέστατονId.Phdr.240b; π. τούτοισι besides this, Hdt.2.51, cf. A.Pers.237 (troch.), etc.; rarely in sg., “π. τούτῳHdt.1.31,41; π. τοῖς ἄλλοις besides all the rest, Th.2.61, etc.:—cf. the Advb. usage, infr. D.
C. WITH ACCUS., it expresses motion or direction towards an object:
3. with Verbs of seeing, looking, etc., towards,ἰδεῖν π. τινάOd.12.244, al.; ὁρᾶν, ἀποβλέπειν π. τι or τινά, A.Supp.725, Ar.Ach. 291, etc.; “ἀνταυγεῖ π. ὌλυμπονEmp.44; στάντε ποτὶ πνοιήν so as to face it, Il.11.622 (similarly, πέτονται πρὸς τὸ πνεῦμα against the wind, Arist.HA597a32); κλαίεσκε π. οὐρανόν cried to heaven, Il.8.364: freq. of points of the compass, π. ζόφον κεῖσθαι lie towards the West, Od.9.26; “ϝαίειν π. ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε13.240; “στάντα π. πρώτην ἕωS.OC477; so in Prose, “π. ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάςHdt. 1.201, cf. 4.40; “π. βορέην τε καὶ νότονId.2.149; also “ἀκτὴ π. Τυρσηνίην τετραμμένη τῆς ΣικελίηςId.6.22 (v. supr. A. 1.2); π. ἥλιον facing the sun, and so, in the sunlight, Ar.V.772; so π. λύχνον by lamplight, Id.Pax692, Jul.Ep.4; “π. τὸ λύχνονHippon.22 Diehl, cf. Arist.Mete.375a27; “πὸτ τὸ πῦρAr.Ach.751; “πρὸς τὸ πῦρPl.R. 372d, cf. Arist.Pr.870a21; π. φῶς in open day, S.El.640; but, by torch-light, Plu.2.237a.
b. π. σφέας ἔχειν δοκέουσι, i.e. they think they are pregnant, Hp.Nat.Puer. 30.
6. of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action, π . . . Διομήδεα τεύχε᾽ ἄμειβεν changed arms with Diomedes, Il.6.235; “ὅσα . . ξυμβόλαια . . ἦν τοῖς ἰδιώταις π. τοὺς ἰδιώτας ἰδιώτῃ π. τὸ κοινόνIG12.116.19; σπονδάς, συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι π. τινά, Th.4.15, Plb.1.17.6; “ξυγχωρεῖν π. τινάςTh.2.59; “γίγνεται ὁμολογία π. τινάςId.7.82, cf. Hdt. 1.61; “π. τινὰς ξυμμαχίαν ποιεῖς θαιTh.5.22; “π. ἀλλήλους ἡσυχίαν εἶχον καὶ π. τοὺς ἄλλους . . εἰρήνην ἦγονIsoc.7.51; “π. ἀλλήλους ἔχθραι τε καὶ στέργηθραA.Pr.491; also “σαίνειν ποτὶ πάνταςPi.P.2.82, cf. O.4.6; “παίζειν πρός τιναςE.HF952, etc.; “ἀφροδισιάζειν π. τινάX.Mem.1.3.14; “ἀγαθὸς γίγνεσθαι π. τινάTh.1.86; “εὐσεβὴς π. τινὰς πέλεινA.Supp.340; διαλέγεσθαι π. τινά converse with . . , X.Mem.1.6.1, Aeschin.2.38,40, 3.219; “κοινοῦσθαι π. τινάςPl.Lg.930c; “π. τοὺς οἰκέτας ἀνακοινοῦσθαι περὶ τῶν μεγίστωνThphr.Char.4.2; διαλογίζεσθαι π. τινά balance accounts with . . , D.52.3, cf. SIG241.127 (Delph., iv B. C.); “ ἔχει διελόμενος π. τὸν ἀδελφόνIG12(7).55.8 (Amorgos, iv/iii B. C.), cf. D. 47.34.
b. in phrases of the form π. τινὰ εὔνοια ἔχθρα, etc.), π. sts. means towards, as π. αὑτοὺς φιλία the affection of their wives towards or for them, X.Cyr.3.1.39; “ π. ὑμᾶς ἔχθραId.HG3.5.10; “ ἀπέχθεια π. τοὺς πλουσίουςArist.Pol.1305a23; “τὴν π. τοὺς τετελευτηκότας εὔνοιαν ὑπάρχουσανD.18.314, cf. SIG352.13 (Ephesus, iv/iii B. C.), al.; “φυσικαὶ τοκέων στοργαὶ π. τέκνα ποθεινάIG12(5).305.13 (Paros): but sts. at the hands of, π. τὸ θεῖον εὐμένεια the favour of the gods, Th.5.105; φθόνος τοῖς ζῶσι π. τὸ ἀντίπαλον jealousy is incurred by the living at the hands of their rivals, Id.2.45; τὴν ἀπέχθειαν τὴν π. Θηβαίους . . τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι the hostility incurred by Athens at the hands of the Thebans, D.18.36, cf.6.3, 19.85; τῇ φιλίᾳ τῇ π. τὸν τετελευτηκότα the friendship with (not 'affection for') the deceased, Is.1.17, cf. Pl.Ap.21c, 28a, Isoc.15.101,19.50, Lycurg.135, Din.1.19, etc.; “τίνος ὄντος ἐμοὶ π. ὑμᾶς ἐγκλήματος;Lys.10.23, cf. 16.10; “τιμώμενος . . διὰ τὴν π. ὑμᾶς πίστινDin.3.12, cf. Lys.12.67, D.20.25; τῷ φόβῳ τῷ π. ὑμᾶς the fear inspired by you, Id.25.93; τῇ π. Ῥωμαίους εὐνοία his popularity with the Romans, Plb.23.7.5.
7. of legal or other business transacted before a magistrate, witness, etc., “τάδε σύλλογος ἐβουλεύσατο . . π. μνήμοναςSIG45.8 (Halic., v B. C.), cf. IG7.15.1 (Megara, ii B. C.); γράφεσθαι αὐτὸν κλοπῆς . . π. τοὺς ἐπιμελητάς ib.12.65.46; ἀτέλειαν εἶναι αὐτῷ καὶ δίκας π. τὸν πολέμαρχον ib.153.7; λόγον διδόντων τῶν . . χρημάτων . . π. τοὺς λογιστάς ib.91.27; before a jury, “ἔστι δὲ τούτοις μὲν π. ὑμᾶς ἁγών, ὑμῖν δὲ π. ἅπασαν τὴν πόλινLys. 26.14; “ἀντιδικῆσαι τῷ παιδὶ . . π. ὑμᾶςIs.11.19 codd. (dub.); before a witness to whom an appeal for corroboration is made, Id.3.25; “ὀμόσαντες πὸττὸν θεόνSchwyzer 418.11 (Elis); φέρρεν αὐτὸν πὸττὸν Δία in the eyes of Zeus, ib.415.7(ibid.); λαχεῖν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεσθαι π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας, D.43.15, Lex ib.21.47, cf. Arist.Ath.56.6; “τοῖς ἐμπόροις εἶναι τὰς δίκας π. τοὺς θεσμοθέταςD.33.1; θέντων τὰ . . ποτήρια . . π. Πολύχαρμον having pawned the cups with P., IPE12.32A15 (Olbia, iii B. C.); also “διαβάλλειν τινὰ π. τοὺς πολλούςX. Mem. 1.2.31, cf. D.7.33.
II. of Time, towards or near a certain time, at or about,ποτὶ ἕσπεραOd.17.191; “ποτὶἕσπερονHes.Op.552; “πρὸς ἑσπέρανPl.R.328a; “ἐπεὶ π. ἑσπέραν ἦνX.HG4.3.22; “π. ἡμέρανId.An.4.5.21; “π. ὄρθρονAr.Lys.1089; ποτ᾽ ὄρθρον (nisi leg. πότορθρον) Theoc.5.126, Erinn. in PSI9.1090.48 + 8 (p.xii); “πρὸς ἕωAr.Ec.312; π.ἀῶ ἐγρέσθαι, π. ἡμέραν ἐξεγρέσθαι, Theoc.18.55, Pl.Smp.223c; π. γῆρας, π. τὸ γῆρας, in old age, E.Med.592, Pl.Lg.653a; π. εὐάνθεμον φυάν in the bloom of life, Pi.O.1.67; μέχρις ὅτου π. γυναῖκας ὦσι, i.e.of marriageable age, IG22.1368.41: later, π.τὸ παρόν for the moment, Luc.Ep. Sat.28, etc.; v. infr. 111.5.
III. of Relation between two objects,
1. in reference to, in respect of, touching, τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον military matters, equipments, etc., Th.2.17, etc.; τὰ π. τὸν βασιλέα our relations to the King, D.14.2; τὰ π. βασιλέα πράγματα the negotiations with the King, Th.1.128; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς our relations, i.e. duties, to the gods, S.Ph.1441; “μέτεστι π. τὰ ἴδια διάφορα πᾶσι τὸ ἴσον . . ἐλευθέρως δὲ τὰ π. τὸ κοινὸν πολιτεύομενTh.2.37; “οὐδὲν διοίσει π. τὸ γενέσθαι . .in respect of . . , Arist.APr.24a25, cf. Pl.Phd.111b; ἕτερος λόγος, οὐ π. ἐμέ that is another matter, and does not concern me, D.18.44, cf. 21,60, Isoc.4.12; τῶν φορέτρων ὄντων π. ἐμέ freightage shall be my concern, i.e. borne by me, PAmh.91.18 (ii A. D.); “π. τοῦτον ἦν τῶν διαφόρων πρᾶξιςLXX 2 Ma.4.28; ἐὰν . . βοᾷ καὶ σχετλιάζῃ μηδὲν π. τὸ πρᾶγμα, nihil ad rem, D.40.61; οὐδὲν π. τὸν Διόνυσον Prov. ap.Plb.39.2.3, Suid.; οὐδὲν αὐτῷ π. τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν he owes no reckoning to the State, D.21.44; “λόγος ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ π. ἈθηναίουςPhilonid. 1 D.; “π. Ἰάσονά ἐστιν αὐτῷ περὶ τῆς τιμῆςPHamb.27.8 (iii B. C.), cf. PCair.Zen.150.18 (iii B. C.); ἔσται αὐτῷ π. τὸν Θεόν (sc. λόγος) he shall have to reckon with God, Supp.Epigr.6.188, cf. 194, al. (Eumenia); without αὐτῷ, ib.236 (Phrygia); “ἔσται π. τὴν ΤριάδανMAMA1.168, cf. Supp.Epigr.6.302 (Laodicea Combusta); ἕξει π. τὸν Θεόν ib.300, al. (ibid.); ἕξει π. τὴν ἐωνίαν κρίσιν ib.4.733 (Eukhaita), cf. 6.841 (Cyprus); “π. πολλοὺς ἔχων ἀγωνιστάςSuid. s.v. ὅσα μῦς ἐν πίσσῃ, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.5.12: with Advbs., “ἀσφαλῶς ἔχειν π. τιX.Mem.1.3.14, etc.; [τὸ or τὰ] πρός τι, the relative term or terms, Arist.Cat.1b25, 6a36, al.; τὸ π. τι, Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.8; π. ἡμᾶς relatively to us, opp. ἁπλῶς, Arist.APo. 72a1; ὀρθὸς πρός or ποτί c. acc., perpendicular to, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.3, Spir.20; Δζ ποτὶ τὰν ΑΔ ἀμβλεῖαν ποιεῖ γωνίαν ib.16.
2. in reference to, in consequence of,πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμαHdt.3.52, cf. 4.161; “π. τὴν φήμηνin view of . . , Id.3.153, cf. Th.8.39; “χαλεπαίνειν π. τιId.2.59; “ἀθύμως ἔχειν π. τιX.HG4.5.4, etc.: with neut. Pron., “π. τί;wherefore? to what end? S.OT766, 1027, etc.; π. οὐδέν for nothing, in vain, Id.Aj.1018; π. οὐδὲν ἀναγκαῖον unnecessarily, Sch.Il.9.23; “π. ταῦταtherefore, this being so, Hdt.5.9,40, A.Pr.915, 992, S.OT426, etc.; cf. οὗτος c. v111.1b.
4. in proportion or relation to, in comparison with,κοῖός τις δοκέοι ἀνὴρ εἶναι π. τὸν πατέρα ΚῦρονHdt.3.34; “ἔργα λόγου μέζω π. πᾶσαν χώρηνId.2.35; “π. πάντας τοὺς ἄλλουςId.3.94, 8.44; “πολλὴν ἂν οἶμαι ἀπιστίαν τῆς δυνάμεως . . π. τὸ κλέος αὐτῶν εἶναιTh.1.10, cf. Pi.O.2.88, Pl. Prt.327d, 328c, Phd.102c, etc.; π. τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας ναῦς τὸ μέσον σκοπεῖν the mean between . . , Th.1.10; “τὸ κάλλιστον τῶν ἔργων π. τὸ αἴσχιστον συμβαλεῖνLycurg.68; “ἓν π. ἓν συμβάλλεινHdt.4.50; also “ἔχεις π. τὰ ἔτη μέλαιναν τὴν τρίχαThphr. Char.2.3; “ἐνδεεστέρως π. τὴν ἐξουσίανTh.4.39: also of mathematical ratio, οἷος πρῶτος (sc. ὅρος)“ ποτὶ τὸν δεύτερον, καὶ δεύτερος ποτὶ τὸν τρίτονArchyt.2, cf. Philol.11, Pl.Ti.36b, Arist.Rh.1409a4, al., Euc. 5 Def.4, etc.; πρὸς παρεὸν . . μῆτις ἀέξεται ἀνθρώποισι in proportion to the existing (physical development), Emp.106: also of price, value, πωλεῖσθαι δὶς π. ἀργύριον sells twice against or relatively to silver, i.e. for twice its weight in silver, Thphr.HP9.6.4; “πωλεῖται σταθμὸς αὐτοῦ π. διπλοῦν ἀργύριονDsc.1.19; [ μαργαρῖτις λίθος] πωλεῖται . . π. χρυσίον for its weight in gold, Androsthenes ap.Ath.3.93b: metaph., “π. ἀρετήνPl.Phd.69a; ὅπως π. τὰς τιμὰς τῶν κριθῶν τὰ ἄλφιτα πωλήσουσι on the basis of the price of barley, Arist.Ath.51.3; ἐξέστω αὐτοῦ ἀπογραφὴ τῆς οὐσίας π. τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον Ἀθηναίων τῷ βουλομένῳ property equal in value to this silver, IG22.1013.14, cf. PHib. 1.32.9 (iii B. C.), IG5(1).1390.78 (Andania, i B. C.); “τῶν ἐγγύων τῶν ἐγγυωμένων π. [αὐτὰ] τὰ κτήματαSIG364.42 (Ephesus, iii B. C.); “θέντων τὰ ποτήρια π. χρυσοῦς ἑκατόνIPE12.32A16 (Olbia, iii B. C.); τοὺς ἀπαγομένους εἰς φυλακὴν π. τὰ χρέα imprisoned for debt, Plb. 38.11.10, cf. 1.72.5, 5.27.4,5,7,5.108.1, PTeb.707.9 (ii B. C.); “τοὺς π. καταδίκας ἐκπεπτωκόταςPlb.25.3.1, cf. SIG742.31 (Ephesus, i B. C.); “ἐγδίδομεν τὸ ἔργον . . π. χαλκόνIG7.3073.6 (Lebad., ii B. C.), cf. PSI5.356.7 (iii B. C.), PTeb.825 (a).16 (ii B. C.), Sammelb.5106.3 (ii B. C.); “οἷον π. ἀργύριον τὴν δόξαν τὰς ψυχὰς ἀποδιδόμενοιJul. Or.1.42b; π. ἅλας ἠγορασμένος, i.e. 'dirt cheap', Men.828 (also π. ἅλα δειπνεῖν καὶ κύαμον, i.e. dine frugally, take pot-luck, Plu.2.684f); so “ἡδονὰς π. ἡδονὰς . . καταλλάττεσθαιPl.Phd.69a; of measurements of time by the flow from the clepsydra, “π. ἕνδεκα ἀμφορέας ἐν διαμεμετρημένῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κρίνομαιAeschin.2.126, cf. Arist.Ath.67.2,3,69.2; “λεγέσθω τᾶς δίκας μὲν πρᾶτος λόγος ἑκατέροις ποτὶ χόας δεκαοκτώSIG953.17 (Calymna, ii B. C.); λεξάντων πρὸς τὴν τήρησιν τοῦ ὕδατος ib.683.60 (Olympia, ii B. C.); π. κλεψύδραν Eub.p.182 K., Epin. 2; “π. κλεψύδραςArist.Po.1451a8; “π. ὀλίγον ὕδωρ ἀναγκαζόμενος λέγεινD.41.30; hence later, π. ὀλίγον for a short time, “ἐπανεῖναι π. ὀλίγον τὴν πολιορκίανJ.BJ5.9.1, cf. Alex.Aphr. in Top.560.2, Hld.2.19, POxy67.14 (iv A.D.), Orib.Fr.116, Gp.4.15.8; π.ὀλίγον καιρόν, χρόνον, Antyll. ap. Orib.9.24.26, Paul.Aeg.Prooem.; π. ὀλίγον ἐστὶ τὸ ζῆν Poet. in Mus.Script.p.452 von Jan; “μήτηρ δ᾽ ἦν π. μικρόνSammelb. 7288.4 (Ptolemaic); “π. βραχύJul.Or.1.47b (but π. βραχὺ παρηβηκυίας (by) a little past their best, Gp.4.15.3); “π. βραχὺν καιρόνIamb. Protr. 21.“κα᾽; π. τὸ ἀκαρέςPorph.Gaur.3.3; “π. μίαν δευτέραν ἡμέρανDsc. 2.101, cf. Sor.1.56; “π. δύο ἡμέρας ἐκοίμησα ἐκεῖBGU775.8 (ii A. D.); “π.μόνην τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἡμέρανSammelb.7399 (ii A.D.), cf. M.Ant.12.4; “προστιμάσθω π. χρόνον μὴ εἰσελθεῖν ὅσον ἂν δόξῃIG22.1368.89.
5. in or by reference to, according to, in view of,π. τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεσθαιHdt. 1.20, cf. 113, Th.6.46,47, IG22.1.20, etc.; “π. τὴν παροῦσαν ἀρρωστίανTh.7.47; “ἵνα π. τὸν ὑπάρχοντα καιρὸν ἕκαστα θεωρῆτεD.18.17, cf. 314, etc.; “εἴ τι δεῖ τεκμαίρεσθαι π. τὸν ἄλλον τρόπονId.27.22; τοῖς π. ὑμᾶς ζῶσι those who live with your interests in view, Id.19.226; “ἐλευθέρου τὸ μὴ π. ἄλλον ζῆνArist.Rh.1367a32; “π. τοῦτον πάντ᾽ ἐσκόπουν, π. τοῦτον ἐποιοῦντο τὴν εἰρήνηνD.19.63; τὸ παιδεύεσθαι π. τὰς πολιτείας suitably to them, Arist.Pol.1310a14; ὁρῶ . . ἅπαντας π. τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν δικαίων ἀξιουμένους according to their power, D.15.28; “π. τὰς τύχας γὰρ τὰς φρένας κεκτήμεθαaccording to . . , E.Hipp.701; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, IG5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. Arc.); τὸν δικαστὰν ὀμνύντα κρῖναι πορτὶ τὰ μωλιόμενα having regard to the pleadings, Leg.Gort.5.44, cf. 9.30; αἱ ἀρχαὶ . . πρὸς τὰ κατεσκευασμένα σύμβολα σηκώματα ποιησάμεναι after making weights and measures in accordance with, or by reference to, the established standards, IG22.1013.7; π. τὰ στάθμια τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀργυροκοπίῳ as measured by the weights in the mint, ib. 30, cf. PAmh.43.10 (ii B. C.); [Εόλων] ἐποίησε σταθμὰ π. τὸ νόμισμα made (trade-) weights on the basis of (i.e. proportional to) the coinage, Arist.Ath.10.2; “ὀρθὸν π. τὸν διαβήτηνIG22.1668.9, cf. 95,7.3073.108 (Lebad., ii B. C.); π. τὸ δικαιότατον in accordance with the most just principle, D.C.Fr.104.6.
6. with the accompaniment of musical instruments, “π. κάλαμονPi.O.10(11).84; π. αὐλόν or τὸν αὐλόν, E.Alc.346, X.Smp.6.3, etc.; “π. λύραν . . ᾁδεινSIG662.13 (Delos, ii B. C.); π. ῥυθμὸν ἐμβαίνειν to step in time, D.S.5.34.
7. πρός c.acc. freq. periphr. for Adv., π. βίαν, = βιαίως, under compulsion, “νῦν χρὴ . . τινα π. βίαν πώνηνAlc.20 (s.v.l.); “π. βίαν ἐπίνομενAr.Ach.73; “τὸ π. βίαν πίνειν ἴσον πέφυκε τῷ διψῆν κακόνS.Fr.735; ἥκω . . π. βίαν under compulsion, Critias 16.10 D.; by force, forcibly, A.Pr.210,355, etc.; οὐ π. βίαν τινός not forced by any one, Id.Eu.5 (but also, in spite of any one, S.OC657); “π. τὸ βίαιονA.Ag. 130 (lyr.); “π. τὸ καρτερόνId.Pr.214; π. ἀλκήν, π. ἀνάγκαν, Id.Th. 498, Pers.569 (lyr.); “οὐ διαχωρέεει [ἡ γαστὴρ] εἰ μὴ π. ἀνάγκηνHp. Prog.8,19; “π. ἰσχύος κράτοςS.Ph.594; “π. ἡδονὴν εἶναί τινιA.Pr.494; π. ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν, so as to please, Th.2.65, S.El.921, D.4.38, cf. E.Med.773; “οἱ πάντα π. ἡδονὴν ἐπαινοῦντεςArist.EN1126b13; “ἅπαντα π. ἡδ. ζητεῖνD.1.15, cf. 18.4; λούσασθαι τὸ σῶμα π. ἡδ. as much or little as one like s, Hp.Mul.2.133; “πίνειν π. ἡδ.Pl. Smp.176e; π. τὸ τερπνόν calculated to delight, Th.2.53; π. χάριν so as to gratify, “μήτε π. ἔχθραν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον μήτε π. χ.D.8.1, cf. S.OT1152; “π. χάριν δημηγορεῖνD.3.3, etc.: c. gen. rei, π. χάριν τινός for the sake of,π. χ. βορᾶςS.Ant.30, cf. Ph.1156 (lyr.); “π. ἰσχύος χ.by means of, E.Med.538; π. ὀργήν with anger, angrily, S.El.369, Th.2.65, D.53.16 (v.l.); “π. ὀργὴν ἐλθεῖν τινιId.39.23, etc.; π. τὸ λιπαρές importunately, S.OC1119; “π. εὐσέβειανId.El.464; π. καιρόν seasonably, Id.Aj.38, etc.; “π. φύσινId.Tr.308; π. εὐτέλειαν cheaply, Antiph.226.2; π. μέρος in due proportion, D.36.32; “π. ὀλίγον μέροςGp.2.15.1; τέτραπτο π. ἰθύ οἱ straight towards him, Il.14.403; π. ὀρθὰς (sc. γωνίας . . τῇ AEB at right angles to, Arist.Mete.373a14, cf. Euc.1.11, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.3; “π. ὀρθὴν τέμνουσαArist.Mete. 363b2; π. ἀχθηδόνα, π. ἀπέχθειαν, Luc.Tox.9, Hist.Conscr.38; γυνὴ π. ἀλήθειαν οὖσα in truth a woman, a very woman, Ath.15.687a, cf. Luc. JTr.48, Alex.61: c. Sup., π. τὰ μέγιστα in the highest degree, Hdt.8.20.
8. of Numbers. up to, about, Plb.16.7.5, etc.: cf. πρόσπου.
D. ABS. AS ADV., besides, over and above; in Hom. always π. δέ or ποτὶ δέ, Il.5.307, 10.108, al., cf. Hdt.1.71, etc.; π. δὲ καί ib.164, 207; “π. δὲ ἔτιId.3.74; “καὶ π.Id.7.154,184, prob. in A.Ch.301, etc.; “καὶ π. γεE.Hel.110, Pl.R. 328a, 466e; “καὶ . . γε π.A.Pr.73; “καὶ δὴ π.Hdt.5.67; freq. at the end of a second clause, “τάδε λέγω, δράσω τε π.E.Or.622; “ἀλογία . . , καὶ ἀμαθία γε π.Pl.Men.90e, cf. E.Ph.610; “ἐνενήκοντα καὶ μικρόν τι π.D.4.28, cf. 22.60.
E. IN COMPOS.,
I. motion towards, as προσάγω, προσέρχομαι, etc.
III. a being on, at, by, or beside: hence, a remaining beside, and metaph. connexion and engagement with anything, as πρόσειμι, προσγίγνομαι, etc.
F. REMARKS,
1. in poetry πρός sts. stands after its case and before an attribute, “ποίμνας βουστάσεις τε π. πατρόςA.Pr.653, cf. Th. 185, S.OT178 (lyr.), E.Or.94; ἄστυ πότι (or ποτὶ)“ σφέτερονIl.17.419, cf. Pi.O.4.5.
2. in Hom. it is freq. separated from its Verb by tmesis.
3. sts. (in violation of the rule given by A.D.Synt.127.8, Pron.42.5) followed by an enclit. Pron., “πρός μεS.Aj.292, Ar.Pl.1055, D.18.14 (v.l.), Men.978, Pk.77, Com.Adesp.15.25 D., 22.68 D., etc.
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    • Herodotus, Histories, 5.67
    • Herodotus, Histories, 5.9
    • Herodotus, Histories, 6.125
    • Herodotus, Histories, 7.153
    • Herodotus, Histories, 7.154
    • Herodotus, Histories, 7.209
    • Herodotus, Histories, 8.111
    • Herodotus, Histories, 8.120
    • Herodotus, Histories, 8.44
    • Hesiod, Works and Days, 552
    • Homer, Iliad, 10.108
    • Homer, Iliad, 11.403
    • Homer, Iliad, 13.538
    • Homer, Iliad, 15.681
    • Homer, Iliad, 17.419
    • Homer, Iliad, 17.98
    • Homer, Iliad, 18.174
    • Homer, Iliad, 1.339
    • Homer, Iliad, 21.507
    • Homer, Iliad, 22.112
    • Homer, Iliad, 22.198
    • Homer, Iliad, 22.514
    • Homer, Iliad, 4.378
    • Homer, Iliad, 5.274
    • Homer, Iliad, 5.307
    • Homer, Iliad, 5.408
    • Homer, Iliad, 6.235
    • Homer, Iliad, 8.364
    • Homer, Iliad, 9.23
    • Homer, Iliad, 11.622
    • Homer, Iliad, 16.85
    • Homer, Iliad, 17.200
    • Homer, Iliad, 17.471
    • Homer, Iliad, 1.160
    • Homer, Iliad, 1.245
    • Homer, Iliad, 8.435
    • Homer, Iliad, 9.147
    • Homer, Odyssey, 10.68
    • Homer, Odyssey, 11.423
    • Homer, Odyssey, 12.71
    • Homer, Odyssey, 14.331
    • Homer, Odyssey, 17.584
    • Homer, Odyssey, 18.162
    • Homer, Odyssey, 21.347
    • Homer, Odyssey, 5.329
    • Homer, Odyssey, 6.207
    • Homer, Odyssey, 7.279
    • Homer, Odyssey, 8.190
    • Homer, Odyssey, 9.147
    • Homer, Odyssey, 12.244
    • Homer, Odyssey, 13.110
    • Homer, Odyssey, 14.57
    • Homer, Odyssey, 17.191
    • Homer, Odyssey, 18.395
    • Homer, Odyssey, 1.127
    • Homer, Odyssey, 2.80
    • Homer, Odyssey, 3.298
    • Homer, Odyssey, 5.401
    • Homer, Odyssey, 5.415
    • Homer, Odyssey, 8.29
    • Isaeus, Cleonymus, 17
    • Isaeus, Pyrrhus, 25
    • Isaeus, Apollodorus, 45
    • Isocrates, Antidosis, 60
    • Isocrates, Aegineticus, 50
    • Isocrates, Panegyricus, 12
    • Isocrates, Archidamus, 52
    • Isocrates, Areopagiticus, 51
    • Isocrates, Antidosis, 101
    • Isocrates, On the team of horses, 25
    • Isocrates, Nicocles or the Cyprians, 42
    • Flavius Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, 8.1.3
    • Flavius Josephus, The Jewish War, 5.9.1
    • Lycurgus, Against Leocrates, 68
    • Lycurgus, Against Leocrates, 135
    • Lysias, On the Murder of Eratosthenes, 19
    • Lysias, On the Scrutiny of Evandros, 14
    • Lysias, Against Theomnestus 1, 23
    • Lysias, Against Eratosthenes, 67
    • Lysias, For Mantitheus, 10
    • Old Testament, Genesis, 49.33
    • New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 5.12
    • New Testament, Mark, 4.1
    • Old Testament, Numbers, 24.25
    • Plato, Laws, 653a
    • Plato, Laws, 930c
    • Plato, Republic, 397e
    • Plato, Republic, 463d
    • Plato, Republic, 579c
    • Plato, Republic, 328a
    • Plato, Republic, 372d
    • Plato, Republic, 459a
    • Plato, Republic, 466e
    • Plato, Republic, 470c
    • Plato, Republic, 500b
    • Plato, Apology, 21c
    • Plato, Phaedo, 69a
    • Plato, Apology, 21d
    • Plato, Apology, 26e
    • Plato, Apology, 28a
    • Plato, Phaedo, 102c
    • Plato, Phaedo, 111b
    • Plato, Phaedo, 84c
    • Plato, Theaetetus, 173d
    • Plato, Theaetetus, 185e
    • Plato, Phaedrus, 240b
    • Plato, Phaedrus, 249c
    • Plato, Philebus, 33c
    • Plato, Phaedrus, 249d
    • Plato, Symposium, 176e
    • Plato, Symposium, 195c
    • Plato, Symposium, 223c
    • Plato, Gorgias, 459c
    • Plato, Gorgias, 474d
    • Plato, Protagoras, 327d
    • Plato, Protagoras, 328c
    • Plato, Protagoras, 345c
    • Plato, Meno, 90e
    • Plato, Protagoras, 322b
    • Plato, Timaeus, 36b
    • Sophocles, Ajax, 1018
    • Sophocles, Ajax, 1305
    • Sophocles, Ajax, 38
    • Sophocles, Ajax, 581
    • Sophocles, Ajax, 582
    • Sophocles, Ajax, 95
    • Sophocles, Ajax, 292
    • Sophocles, Ajax, 527
    • Sophocles, Antigone, 1037
    • Sophocles, Antigone, 51
    • Sophocles, Antigone, 839
    • Sophocles, Antigone, 1189
    • Sophocles, Antigone, 30
    • Sophocles, Antigone, 919
    • Sophocles, Electra, 1125
    • Sophocles, Electra, 1208
    • Sophocles, Electra, 285
    • Sophocles, Electra, 464
    • Sophocles, Electra, 931
    • Sophocles, Electra, 1211
    • Sophocles, Electra, 369
    • Sophocles, Electra, 562
    • Sophocles, Electra, 640
    • Sophocles, Electra, 921
    • Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 1119
    • Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 13
    • Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 477
    • Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 657
    • Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 73
    • Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 515
    • Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 71
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1037
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1169
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1236
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1434
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 178
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1b
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 357
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 426
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 766
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, v111
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1014
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1027
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1152
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1174
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 1237
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 130
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 180
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 20
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 429
    • Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, 949
    • Sophocles, Philoctetes, 1156
    • Sophocles, Philoctetes, 1441
    • Sophocles, Philoctetes, 23
    • Sophocles, Philoctetes, 468
    • Sophocles, Philoctetes, 594
    • Sophocles, Trachiniae, 1182
    • Sophocles, Trachiniae, 304
    • Sophocles, Trachiniae, 308
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.105
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.118
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.71
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.86
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.17
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.37
    • Thucydides, Histories, 4.15
    • Thucydides, Histories, 4.39
    • Thucydides, Histories, 5.42
    • Thucydides, Histories, 5.59
    • Thucydides, Histories, 7.35
    • Thucydides, Histories, 7.47
    • Thucydides, Histories, 8.39
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.90
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.53
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.59
    • Thucydides, Histories, 3.21
    • Thucydides, Histories, 3.59
    • Thucydides, Histories, 5.105
    • Thucydides, Histories, 5.22
    • Thucydides, Histories, 7.34
    • Thucydides, Histories, 7.82
    • Xenophon, Anabasis, 1.6.6
    • Xenophon, Anabasis, 2.3.18
    • Xenophon, Anabasis, 1.2.11
    • Xenophon, Anabasis, 4.5.21
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 3.1.39
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 3.1.18
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 3.5.10
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 4.5.4
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 1.5.6
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 4.3.22
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 4.8.1
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 4.8.22
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 1.3.14
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 1.6.1
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 4.5.12
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 1.2.31
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 3.6.6
    • Xenophon, Symposium, 6.3
    • Homer, Iliad, 10.428
    • Homer, Iliad, 11.831
    • Homer, Iliad, 12.239
    • Homer, Iliad, 14.398
    • Homer, Iliad, 14.403
    • Homer, Iliad, 16.45
    • Homer, Iliad, 19.188
    • Homer, Iliad, 1.239
    • Homer, Iliad, 1.420
    • Homer, Iliad, 20.418
    • Homer, Iliad, 20.420
    • Homer, Iliad, 21.303
    • Homer, Iliad, 3.155
    • Homer, Iliad, 4.108
    • Homer, Iliad, 6.456
    • Homer, Iliad, 6.57
    • Homer, Odyssey, 11.302
    • Homer, Odyssey, 11.67
    • Homer, Odyssey, 13.240
    • Homer, Odyssey, 22.334
    • Homer, Odyssey, 2.288
    • Homer, Odyssey, 2.342
    • Homer, Odyssey, 8.374
    • Homer, Odyssey, 8.66
    • Homer, Odyssey, 9.26
    • Homer, Odyssey, 9.284
    • Sophocles, Ichneutae, 735
    • Sophocles, Trachiniae, 371
    • Sophocles, Trachiniae, 45
    • Sophocles, Trachiniae, 479
    • Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 130
    • Theophrastus, Characters, 2.3
    • Theophrastus, Characters, 30.12
    • Theophrastus, Characters, 4.2
    • Polybius, Histories, 15.27.7
    • Polybius, Histories, 16.7.5
    • Polybius, Histories, 1.17.6
    • Polybius, Histories, 1.26.3
    • Polybius, Histories, 1.29.3
    • Polybius, Histories, 1.72.5
    • Polybius, Histories, 23.7.5
    • Polybius, Histories, 25.3.1
    • Polybius, Histories, 38.11.10
    • Polybius, Histories, 39.2.3
    • Polybius, Histories, 3.92.8
    • Polybius, Histories, 5
    • Polybius, Histories, 5.108.1
    • Polybius, Histories, 5.27.4
    • Polybius, Histories, 5.54.7
    • Polybius, Histories, 7
    • Aristophanes, Acharnians, 73
    • Aristophanes, Acharnians, 751
    • Aristophanes, Lysistrata, 1089
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.10
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.128
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.62
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.45
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.61
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.65
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.79
    • Thucydides, Histories, 6.46
    • Hippocrates, Prognosticon, 8
    • Hippocrates, Prognosticon, 19
    • New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 16.6
    • Old Testament, 2 Kings, 23.3
    • Old Testament, 2 Maccabees, 4.28
    • Thucydides, Histories, 3.105
    • Thucydides, Histories, 6.90
    • Plutarch, Marcus Cato, 3
    • Plutarch, Titus Flamininus, 7
    • Plutarch, Nicias, 5
    • Plutarch, Pericles, 13
    • Plutarch, Cicero, 13
    • Lucian, Juppiter trageodeus, 48
    • Lucian, Alexander, 61
    • Lucian, Toxaris vel amicitia, 9
    • Lucian, Quomodo historia conscribenda sit, 14
    • Lucian, Quomodo historia conscribenda sit, 38
    • Arrian, Anabasis, 7.16.5
    • Diodorus, Historical Library, 2.29
    • Diodorus, Historical Library, 3.22
    • Diodorus, Historical Library, 5.34
    • Marcus Aurelius, M. Antonius Imperator Ad Se Ipsum, 12.4
    • Julian the Emperor, Epistulae, 4
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