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πυκνός , ή, όν, poet. also πυ^κι^νός , ή, όν, both forms in Ep. (v. infr.) and Lyr., Pi.O.13.52 (Sup.), B.Fr.1; Aeol. πύκνος Sapph.1.11, Alc.Supp.14.9 (πύκινος is dub. l. Id.82); Trag. πυκνός , exc. S. in lyr., Aj.1208, Ph.854; πυκινός once in Com., Eub.38 (s.v.l.): Lacon. Sup. πουκότατος is corrupt in Simm.26.17:—
A.close, compact.
I. of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, close, firm, solid, “πυκινὸς θώρηξIl.15.529; “χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάληνOd.14.521; “πυκινὸν νέφοςIl.5.751; πυκινὸν λέχος well-stuffed, firm bed, 9.621, Od.7.340; “πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόνIl.14.349; “Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷEmp.27.3; “σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμέναX.An.4.7.15; “π. δέμαςParm. 8.59; of a sponge, Hp.Ulc.2; “π. ὀστοῦνPl.Ti.75b, cf. Hp.VM22; [σάρκες] Pl.Ti.74e; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον ib.59b; “ἔβενοςThphr.HP1.5.5; “πλεύμωνPlu.2.698b; χωρία ib.650d; “πυκινὴν νάπαις ἌζιλινCall. Ap.89; [ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς overgrown with plants, PFay.113.8 (i/ii A.D.); “ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π.IG7.3073.104 (Lebad., ii B.C.); of a woman, thick-set, stocky, Sor.1.34.
II. of the parts of a thing, close-packed, crowded, “πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγεςIl.4.281; “τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί7.61, etc.; “πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν4.392, etc.(v. infr. 111.1); “πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν11.309; “πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν13.133, cf. Od.5.480; “σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσιIl.24.453; “σταυροὺς . . πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέαςOd.14.12; of thick plumage, “πυκινὰ πτερά5.53; “πτερὰ πυκνάIl.11.454, 23.879; but πύκνα πτέρα fast-beating wings, Sapph.1.11 (and so perh. Hom. ll. cc.); freq. of thick foliage, ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα, Il.18.320, Od.19.439, 5.471, Il.21.245, Od.14.473, 10.150, 19.520; “π. νέφεαHes.Op.553; πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι with close-laid stones, Il.16.212; πυκινοῖσι . . βελέεσσι with a thick shower of darts, 11.576; “πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσινOd.14.36; “τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π.Hdt.7.218; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, of Argus, A.Pr.678; πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν, of the Furies, Id.Ch.1050; of thick-falling rain, snow, etc., “πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδοςS.Fr.636; “πυκιναῖς δρόσοιςId.Aj.1208 (lyr.); “πυκνῇ νιφάδιE.Andr.1129; π. ῥόος a dense current, Emp.100.14; “π. θρίξX.Cyn.4.6; “π. τρίχεςPl.Prt.321a; [δένδρεα] Hdt.4.22, cf. X.An.4.8.2; “τὰ μὲν π . . . τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείανThphr.HP1.8.2.
b. in Tactics, in close order, opp. ἀραιός, Ascl.Tact.4.1 (Sup.), Arr.Tact.11.1 (Comp.).
III. of artificial union, well put together, compact, strong, πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες (v. infr. B. 111.1), Il.10.267, Od.13.68, Il.14.167, Od.23.229, 10.283; “ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινήIl.13.804; “π. δῶμαXenoph.17: hence, close, concealed, “πυκινὸς δόλοςIl.6.187; and so perhaps π. λόχος, v. supr. 11.1.
2. in Music, πυκνόν, τό, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as “τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρωνAristox.Harm. p.24M., cf. Plu.2.1135b, etc.
IV. generally, strong of its kind, sore, excessive, “ἄτηIl.24.480; “μελεδῶναιOd.19.516; “ἄχοςIl.16.599.
V. metaph. of the mind, shrewd, wise, “πυκιναὶ φρένες14.294, cf. Alc.Supp.14.9, B. l.c.; “νόοςIl.15.461; “μήδεα3.208; “βουλή2.55; “ἐφετμή18.216; “μῦθοιOd.3.23; “ἔποςIl.11.788; θυμός, βουλαί, Pi.P.4.73, I.7(6).8; “φρήνE.IA67; μήτιδι πυκνῇ Orac. ap. Hdt.7.141, cf. IG3.1320: in Prose, “πυκνὴ διάνοιαPl.R.568a; τὸ π. terseness of expression, D.H.Th.24.
2. sorely (v. supr. A. IV), “πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενοςIl.19.312, cf. Od.19.95, al.; constantly, “ὅταν π. διᾴττωσιX.Cyn.6.22.
3. sagaciously, shrewdly, “π. ὑποθήσομαιOd.1.279, cf. Il.21.293; “πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖνAr.Th.438 (lyr., s.v.l.).
2. θάλαμος πύκ᾽ ἐβάλλετο with thick-falling darts, 9.588.
3. wisely, π. φρονεῖν ib.554, 14.217, Q.S.1.449, al.; τρέφειν rear carefully, Il.5.70.
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (108):
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