A.soul, spirit, as the principle of life, feeling and thought, esp. of strong feeling and passion (rightly derived from θύω (B) by Pl.Cra. 419e ἀπὸ τῆς θύσεως καὶ ζέσεως τῆς ψυχῆς):
I. in physical sense, breath, life, θ. ἀπηύρα, ἀφελέσθαι, ἐξαίνυσθαι, ὀλέσαι, freq. in Hom., Il.6.17, 5.852, 155, 1.205: c. dupl. acc., “ἄμφω θ. ἀπηύρα” 6.17; “ἐπεί κε . . ῥεθέων ἐκ θ. ἕληται” 22.68; λίπε δ᾽ ὀστέα θ. 12.386; ἀπὸ δ᾽ ἔπτατο θ. Od.10.163; “ὀλίγος δ᾽ ἔτι θ. ἐνῆεν” Il.1.593; “μόγις δ᾽ ἐσαγείρετο θυμόν” 21.417; “ἄψορρόν οἱ θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀγέρθη” 4.152; “θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών” 11.334; of animals, 3.294, 12.150, etc.: less freq. in Trag., A. Ag.1388, E.Ba.620 (troch.).
2. spirit, strength, “τείρετο δ᾽ ἀνδρῶν θ. ὑπ᾽ εἰρεσίης” Od.10.78; “ἐν δέ τε θ. τείρεθ᾽ ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἱδρῷ” Il.17.744.
II. soul, as shown by the feelings and passions; and so,
1. desire or inclination, esp. desire for meat and drink, appetite, “πιέειν ὅτε θ. ἀνώγοι” Il.4.263; “πλησάμενος . . θυμὸν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος” Od.17.603: generally, “τά με θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει” Il.7.68; βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θ. 8.301; “αἲ γάρ με μένος καὶ θ. ἀνείη” 22.346; θ. ἐποτρύνῃ [τινά] Od.9.139; θ. ἐπέσσυταί τινι, ἐφορμᾶται, Il.1.173, 13.73; ἤθελε θυμῷ he wished in his heart or with all his heart, 16.255, 21.65; “ἵετο θυμῷ” 2.589; so later θυμῷ βουλόμενοι wishing with all their heart, Hdt. 5.49; [“ὄσσα ϝ] οι θ. κε θέλῃ γένεσθαι” Sapph.Supp.1.3; “θυμὸς ὥρμα” Pi. O.3.25, cf. 38; “θυμὸς ἡδονὴν φέρει” S.El.286; “ὧν ἐρᾷ θυμός” Herod.7.61; “τῶν σφι θ. ἦν μάλιστα” Hdt.1.1; “ἄλλως σφι θ. ἐγένετο θεήσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον” Id.8.116, etc.: with Verb omitted, “σὲ γάρ μοι θῦμος ὔμνην” Alc. 5; ἄρχ᾽ αὐτὸς ὥς σοι θ. S.El.1319; ὅπου ὑμῖν θ. X.Cyr.3.1.37; “βῆξαι θυμός ἐγγίνεται” Hp.Prog.8.
2. mind, temper, will, θ. πρόφρων, ἵλαος, Il. 8.39, 9.639; θ. ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής, νηλέα θ. ἔχοντας, σιδήρεος θ., 15.94, 19.229, Od.5.191; ἕνα θ. ἔχειν to be of one mind, Il.15.710, etc.; “οὐδὲ λύκοι τε καὶ ἄρνες ὁμόφρονα θ. ἔχουσιν” 22.263; “ἕτερος δέ με θ. ἔρυκε” Od.9.302; ἐμὸν θ. ἔπειθεν ib.33; “θωπείας κολακικάς, αἳ . . τοὺς θ. ποιοῦσιν κηρίνους” Pl.Lg.633d.
3. spirit, courage, μένος καὶ θ. Il.20.174; “θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι λαβεῖν” Od.10.461; πᾶσιν δὲ παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θ. Il.15.280; ψῦχρος ἔγεντο θ., of doves, Sapph.16; “θ. ἔχειν ἀγαθόν” Hdt.1.120; “θ. οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν” S.El.26; “ὁ θυμὸς εὐθὺς ἦν Ἀμυνίας” Ar.Eq.570; ἴωμεν ῥώμῃ καὶ θυμῷ ἐπί . . X.Cyr.4.2.21; “φρονήματός τε καὶ θυμοῦ ἐμπίπλασθαι” Pl.R.411c: so in Philos., opp. λόγος, ἐπιθυμία, ib.440b, al., cf. Arist.Pol.1328a7, 1327b24, Phld.Mus.p.26K., etc.; personified, Passion, Emotion, opp. Λογισμός, Cleanth.Stoic.1.129.
4. the seat of anger, “χωόμενον κατὰ θυμόν” Il.1.429; “νεμεσιζέσθω ἐνὶ θυμῷ” 17.254; “θυμὸν ἐχώσατο” 16.616, etc.: hence, anger, wrath, “δάμασον θυμόν” 9.496; εἴξας ᾧ θυμῷ ib.598; “θυμὸς μέγας ἐστὶ . . βασιλήων” 2.196; “θ. ὀξύς” S.OC 1193; “θ. κρείσσων τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων” E.Med.1079, etc.; θυμῷ f.l. for θυμοῦ in S.Ant.718; “οἱ τῷ θ. πραχθέντες φόνοι” Pl.Lg.867b; opp. λογισμός, Th.2.11, etc.; ἐπανάγειν τὸν θ. Hdt.7.160; “ἐκτείνειν” And.3.31; “καταθέσθαι” Ar.V.567; “δακεῖν” Id.Nu.1369; “θυμῷ χρᾶσθαι” Hdt.1.137, al.; “ὀργῆς καὶ θυμοῦ μεστοί” Isoc.12.81 (so τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θ., i.e. the outward manifestation of ὀ., Phld.Ir.p.90W.); of horses, X.Eq. 9.2: pl. (not earlier than Pl., f.l. in S.Aj.718 (lyr.)), fits of anger, passions, “περὶ φόβων τε καὶ θυμῶν” Pl.Phlb.40e; “οἵ τε θ. καὶ αἱ κολάσεις” Id.Prt.323e, cf. Arist.Rh.1390a11.
5. the heart, as the seat of the emotions, esp. joy or grief, χαῖρε, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ, Il.14.156, 7.189; “θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει” 13.494; “μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θ. ἵκανεν” 2.171; ἄχνυτο θ. 14.39, etc.; δόκησε δ᾽ ἄρα σφίσι θ. ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ . . they felt as glad at heart as if . . , Od.10.415; μηδ᾽ ὀνίαισι δάμνα . . θ. Sapph.1.4; of fear, “δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ” Il.17.625, cf. 8.138; of love, “τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον” 9.343; “ἐκ θυμοῦ στέργοισα” Theoc.17.130; ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ my heart's beloved, Il.5.243; reversely, ἀπὸ θ. μᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔσεαι wilt be alien from my heart, 1.562; ἐκ θ. πεσέειν, i.e. to lose thy favour, 23.595; “ἔρωτι θυμὸν ἐκπλαγεῖσα” E.Med.8; “ἐκ θ. κλαῦσαι” Philet. 11.
6. mind, soul, as the seat of thought, ταῦθ᾽ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θ. Il.1.193, etc.; ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θ. 2.409, cf. 4.163, etc.; “φράζετο θυμῷ” 16.646; “ἐν θ. ἐβάλοντο ἔπος” 15.566; “τοὺς λόγους θυμῷ βάλε” A.Pr.706; “εἰς θ. βαλεῖν τι” S.OT975; οὐκ ἐς θ. φέρω I bring him not into my mind or thoughts, Id.El.1347.
