Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

A.“σχᾶν” Pl.Com.127, “κατα-σχᾶν” Hp.Epid.7.76; so impf. ἔσχων, Ar. Nu.409; 3pl. “ἔσχαζον” Anon. ap. Phryn.194; also “ἐσχάζοσαν” Lyc. 21: fut. σχάσω （ἀπο-) Crates Com.41: aor. “ἔσχα^σα” Pi.P.10.51, E.Tr.811 (lyr.), Ar.Nu.740:—Med., aor. ἐσχασάμην ib.107, Pl. Com.32:—Pass., 3sg. pres. “σχᾶται” Hp.Art.30: fut. “σχασθήσομαι” LXX Am.3.5: aor. “ἐσχάσθην” Hp.Ulc.24, Antisth. ap. Stob.3.18.26, etc.: pf. ἔσχασμαι in plant-name ἐσχασμένη, = ὀνοβρυχίς, Ps.-Dsc.3.153.

1. slit open so as to let something escape, οὐκ ἔσχων ἀμελήσας [τὴν γαστέρα] I carelessly forgot to slit the haggis, Ar.Nu.409 (anap.); ς. φλέβα open a vein, Hp.Epid.6.5.15, X.HG 5.4.58, Plu.Ages.27, etc.; “ἐκ βραχιόνων τὰς φλέβας” Arr.Fr.168J. (so ς. τὸ φλεγμαῖνον μόριον lance the boil, Gal.11.119); freq. also without φλέβα, Aret.CA2.7, etc.; ς. ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶτταν bleed it under the tongue, Arist.HA603b15; ς. τὸν ἀγκῶνα, i.e. bleed in the arm, Hp.Int.37; “τὴν κεφαλήν” Id.Aff.2: c. acc. cogn., ς. τομήν make an incision, Aret.CA1.7; αἷμα ς. Poll.2.215; τὸ πρωτόσφακτον ὅρκιον σχάσας slaying the . . victim, Lyc.329: metaph. in Pass., to be purged by bleeding, Antisth. ap. Stob.3.18.26.

2. open, ἐσχάσαμεν κάλυκας we (roses) have opened our buds, AP6.345 (Crin.); “στόμα” Lyc.28.

3. let go, σχάσας τὴν φροντίδα letting your mind go, relaxing your thought, Ar.Nu.740; σχάσαντες τὴν ἀγκύλην τοῦ βρόχου slackening, Paul.Aeg.6.51; ς. τὰς μηχανάς let off the engines, Plu.Marc.15; “σχάσει τὴν χεῖρα, ὥστε ἀφεθῆναι τὸ βέλος” Hero Spir.1.41:—Pass., ἐσχάζετο αὐτόματον [τὸ βέλος] Ph. Bel.73.51, cf. 70.45, 78.31; -όμενον παττάλιον (in a mousetrap) Poll.7.114; εἰ σχασθήσεται παγὶς ἄνευ τοῦ συλλαβεῖν τι; LXX Am.3.5; ἔσχαστο ἡ ὕσπληξ the ὕσπληξ （“῀ σχαστηρία” 1) had been let off, Hld.4.3; βαλβῖδα μηρίνθου σχάσας, i.e. starting the race, Lyc.13 ( = βαλβῖδος μήρινθον acc. to Sch.); κἀπὸ γῆς ἐσχάζοσαν ὕσπληγγας were starting off from shore, Id.21; of the jaw, ἐκπίπτει μὲν γνάθος ὀλιγάκις, σχᾶται μέντοι πολλάκις ἐν χάσμῃσι slips, Hp.Art.30 ( = χαλᾶται acc. to Paul.Aeg.6.112):—also Act., of the surgeon, ἐξαπίνης σχάσαι let the jaw slip back into position, let it go, ibid. καὶ κατὰ παλαίστραν δὲ τὸ σχάσαι σημαίνει τὴν χεῖρα ταχέως ἄγειν πρὸς αὐτὴν (leg. αὑτὴν̣）“ ἐκ τῆς ἔμπροσθεν θέσεως” Gal.18(1).438.

4. relax effort, cease an action, esp. rowing, κώπαν σχάσον easy!, i.e. cease rowing, Pi.P.10.51, cf. E.Tr.811 (lyr.), Call.Fr.104; τί σιγᾷς γῆρυν ἄφθογγον σχάσας; E.Ph.960; σχάσον δὲ δεινὸν ὄμμα καὶ θυμοῦ πνοάς ib.454: abs., φοβοῦμαι μὴ σχάσῃ, νεναυσίακε γάρ I fear he may give up, BGU1097.4 (i A.D.):—Med., σχασάμενος τὴν ἱππικήν giving up horses, Ar.Nu.107; “τὰς ὀφρῦς σχάσασθε καὶ τὰς ὄμφακας” Pl.Com.32 (cf. “ὄμφαξ” 11.3).

5. let fall, drop, “τὴν οὐράν” X.Cyn.3.5; πεύκης ὀδόντας, i.e. the anchor, Lyc.99; λάθρᾳ κατὰ μηχανὰς σχασθέντων τῶν φραγμάτων Hippoloch. ap. Ath.4.130a.

6. cause to collapse, “θάλαμον σχάσε μῆνις” AP9.422 (Apollonid.); σχάσας . . ἐν πέδῳ γόνυ, i.e. kneel down, Sammelb.5629.3 (iii B.C.):—Pass., μήπω σχασθῇ lest the dyke collapse, PLond.1.131.243 (i A.D., abbrev.).

7. metaph., cause to collapse or fail, foil, πῦρ . . , λεόντων . . ὄνυχας, ἀκμὰν καὶ δεινοτάτων σχάσαις ὀδόντων, of Peleus subduing the metamorphosed Thetis, Pi.N.4.64; “φεῦ, οἵαισιν ἐν φροντίσι Κνώσιον ἔσχασεν στραταγέταν” B.16.121.