A.“τρέφοιν” E.Fr.903: fut. “θρέψω” h.Ven.257, etc.: aor. 1 ἔθρεψα, Ep. “θρέψα” Il.2.548: aor. 2 ἔτρα^φον (v. infr. B): pf. τέτροφα intr., Od.23.237, (συν-) Hp.Morb.Sacr. 11; but trans., S.OC186 (lyr.); also “τέτρα^φα” Plb.12.25h.5:—Med., fut. θρέψομαι in pass. sense, Hp.Genit.9, Nat.Puer. 23, Th.7.49, etc.: aor. “ἐθρεψάμην” Pi.O.6.46, A.Ch.928, etc.:—Pass., fut. τρα^φήσομαι Ps.-D.60.32, D.H.8.41, etc., but in early writers in med. form θρέψομαι (v. supr.): aor. 1 ἐθρέφθην, Ep. “θρέφθη” Hes.Th. 198, rare in Trag. and Att., E.Hec.351, 600, Pl.Plt.310a; “ἐθράφθη” IG12(9).286 (Eretria, vi B. C.): aor. 2 ἐτράφην [α^] Hom. (sed v. infr. B), A.Th.754 (lyr.), Ar.Av.335 (lyr.), etc.; Ep. 3pl. ἔτραφεν, τράφεν, Il.23.348, 1.251: pf. “τέθραμμαι” Hp.Nat.Hom.5, E.Heracl.578, etc.; 2pl. “τέθραφθε” Pl.Lg.625a (but συντέτραφθε [s. v. l.] in X.Cyr.6.4.14); inf. “τεθράφθαι” Pl.Grg.525a, X.HG2.3.24 (in both with v. l. τετρ-).
I. thicken or congeal a liquid, γάλα θρέψαι curdle it, Od.9.246; τρέφε (impf.) “πίονατυρόν” Theoc.25.106:—Pass., with pf.Act. τέτροφα, curdle, congeal, “γάλα τρεφόμενον τυρὸν ἐργάζεσθαι” Ael.NA16.32; “περὶ χροΐ τέτροφεν ἅλμη” Od.23.237.
II. usu., cause to grow or increase, bring up, rear, esp. of children bred and brought up in a house, “ὅ σ᾽ ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα” Il.8.283; “ἥ μ᾽ ἔτεχ᾽, ἥ μ᾽ ἔθρεψε” Od.2.131, cf. 12.134; “εὖ ἔτρεφεν ἠδ᾽ ἀτίταλλεν” Il.16.191, cf. Od.19.354; “ἐγώ σ᾽ ἔθρεψα, σὺν δὲ γηράναι θέλω” A.Ch.908, cf. Supp.894; “μέχρι ἥβης τ.” Th.2.46; “γεννᾶν καὶ τ.” Pl.Plt.274a; “τ. τε καὶ αὔξειν μέγαν” Id.R.565c: c. acc. cogn., τ. τινὰ τροφήν τινα bring up in a certain way, Hdt.2.2; also “τῶν πρώτων μαθημάτων, ἐν οἷς οἱ παλαιοὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἔτρεφον” Gal.16.691:—Med., rear for oneself, “θρέψαιό τε φαίδιμον υἱόν” Od.19.368; “αὐτὸν ἐθρέψαντο δράκοντες” Pi.O.6.46; “τεκοῦσα τόνδ᾽ ὄφιν ἐθρεψάμην” A.Ch.928; “οἱ γεννήσαντες καὶ θρεψάμενοι” Pl.Lg.717c; “τεκὼν ἀρετὴν καὶ θ.” Id.Smp.212a; “ἔτεκον μὲν ὑμᾶς πολεμίοις δ᾽ ἐθρεψάμην ὕβρισμα” E.HF458:—Pass., to be reared, grow up, “ὅς μοι τηλύγετος τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ” Il.9.143; “τῇ ὁμοῦ ἐτρεφόμην” Od.15.365; “ἅμα τράφεν ἠδ᾽ ἐγένοντο” Il.1.251, etc.; κάρτιστοι τράφεν ἀνδρῶν grew up the strongest men, ib.266:—prop. a boy was called τρεφόμενος only so long as he remained in the charge of the women, i. e. till his fifth year, Hdt.1.136; ἐξ ὅτου 'τράφην ἐγώ from the time when I left the nursery, Ar.Av.322; but even of pre-natal growth, “ἐν σκότοισινηδύος τεθραμμένη” A.Eu.665, cf. Th.754 (lyr.):—generally, in Trag., “τραφεὶς μητρὸς εὐγενοῦς ἄπο” S.Aj.1229; ὅπως πατρὸς δείξεις οἷος ἐξ οἵου ᾿τράφης ib.557; “κρατίστου πατρὸς . . τραφείς” Id.Ph.3: παῖδες μητέρων τεθραμμέναι true nurslings of your mothers, implying a reproach for unmanliness (s. v.l.), A.Th.792; μιᾶς τρέφει πρὸς νυκτός art nursed by night alone, i. e. art blind, S.OT 374.
2. of slaves, cattle, dogs and the like , rear and keep them, “κύνας” Il.22.69, Od.14.22, etc.; “ἵππους” Il.2.766; λέοντος ἶνιν (v. σίνις) A.Ag.717 (lyr.); “μῆλα” Id.Eu.946 (lyr.); “ὄφιν” S.Fr.226 (cj. for στρέφουσι）“; ἰκτῖνα” Ar. Fr.628; “ὄρτυγας” Eup.214; “ὄρνιθας” Pl.Tht.197c; οἱ τρέφοντες (sc. τοὺς ἐλέφαντας) the keepers, Arist.HA571b33; “τ. παιδαγωγούς” Aeschin.1.187; also “τ. γυναῖκα” E.IA749; τ. [ἑταίραν], [πόρνας], keep . . , Antiph. 2, Diph. 87; ὁ τρέφων one's master, Nicol.Com.1.11,36: metaph., αἰγιαλὸν ἔνδον τρέφει he keeps a sea-beach in the house, Ar.V.110:—Pass., to be bred, reared, “δοῦλος οὐκ ὠνητός, ἀλλ᾽ οἴκοι τραφείς” S.OT1123; ἐν τῇ σῇ οἰκίᾳ γέγονεν καὶ τέθραπται was born and bred, Pl.Men.85e; Ἀγαθῖνον θρεμένον (i. e. τεθρεμμένον, = θρεπτόν, v. θρεπτός 1) “ἑαυτῶν” MAMA4.275 B (Dionysopolis, ii A. D.); Νείκην τὴν θρεμένην μου ib.276 A (Dionysopolis, ii A. D.).
3. tend, cherish, τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ φίλεόν τε καὶ ἔτρεφον, of Calypso, Od.5.135, cf. 7.256; of plants, Il.17.53; “θρέψασα φυτὸν ὥς” 18.57, cf. Od.14.175.
4. of parts of the body, let grow, cherish, foster, “χαίτην . . Σπερχειῷ τρέφε” Il.23.142; “τῷ θεῷ [πλόκαμον] τ.” E.Ba.494; “ὑπήνην ἄκουρον τ.” Ar.V.476 (lyr.); τ. κόμην, = κομᾶν, Hdt.1.82; “[τρίχες] πολλῷ ἐλαίῳ τραφεῖσαι” Hero Bel.112: also τά θ᾽ ὕεσσι τρέφει ἀλοιφήν things which put fat on swine, Od.13.410; “τεθραμμένη εἰς πολυσαρκίαν” X.Mem.2.1.22.
5. in Poets, of earth and sea, breed, produce, teem with, “οὐδὲν ἀκιδνότερον γαῖα τ. ἀνθρώποιο” Od.18.130; “ἄγρια, τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη” Il.5.52; “φάρμακα, ὅσα τρέφει εὐρεῖα χθών” 11.741; “ὅσ᾽ ἤπειρος . . τρέφει ἠδὲ θάλασσα” Hes.Th.582; “πολλὰ γᾶ τρέφει δεινά” A.Ch.585 (lyr.), cf. 128, E.Hec.1181; “θάλασσα . . τρέφουσα πορφύρας ἰσάργυρον κηκῖδα” A.Ag.959; ὃν πόντος τ., i. e. the sailors, Pi.I.1.48: rare in Prose, “ἀεί τι ἡ Αιβύη τρέφει καινόν” Arist. GA746b8.
6. in Poets also, simply, have within oneself, contain, “ὅ τι καὶ πόλις τέτροφεν ἄφιλον” S.OC186 (lyr.), cf. Tr.817; τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχαιτέραν to keep his tongue more quiet, Id.Ant.1089; “ἡ γλῶσσα τὸν θυμὸν δεινὸν τ.” Id.Aj.1124; “τἀληθὲς γὰρ ἰσχῦον τρέφω” Id.OT 356 (so in Pl., “τ. ἰσχυρὸν τὸ ἐλεινόν” R.606b); “τ. νόσον” S. Ph.795; “ἐκ φόβου φόβον τ.” Id.Tr.28; “ἄταν” Id.Aj.644 (lyr.); οἵας λατρείας . . τρέφει what services . . she has as her lot, ib.503; ἐν ἐλπίσιν τρέφω . . ἥξειν I cherish hopes that . . , Id.Ant.897; τὸν Καδμογενῆ τρέφει . . βιότου πολύπονον [πέλαγος] is his daily lot, Id.Tr.117 (lyr., but Reiske's cj. στρέφει is prob.); “πόνοι τρέφοντες βροτούς” E.Hipp.367 (lyr.).
III. maintain, support, “τ. ἀνδρὸς μόχθος ἡμένας ἔσω” A.Ch.921, cf. Pi.O.9.106; “τοῦ τρέφοντος Ἡλίου χθονὸς φύσιν” A.Ag.633; “τ. τὸν πατέρα” Aeschin.1.13; “τὴν οἰκίαν ὅλην” D.59.67; “οὐ δίκαιον τρέφεσθαι ὑπὸ πατρὸς ὑὸν ἡβῶντα” Pl.R.568e; “τὰ κτήνη χιλῷ ἐτρέφοντο” X.An.4.5.25; γάλακτι, τυρῷ, κρέασι τ., Id.Mem. 4.3.10; σίτῳ, ὄψῳ, Id.Lac.1.3; feed a patient, Gal.15.503, 19.185; provide the food for an employee, σοῦ τρέφοντος αὐτόν, ἐμοῦ δὲ ἱματίζοντος “αὐτόν” BGU1647.14 (ii A. D.); also “τ. ἀπό τινος” Pl.Prt.313c, X.HG2.1.1; “ἔκ τινος” A.Ag.1479 (lyr.), cf. Pl.R.372b.
2. maintain an army or fleet, Th.4.83, X.An.1.1.9 (Pass.); “τ. τὰς ναῦς” Th. 8.44, X.HG1.5.5, 5.1.24; τ. τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων ib.4.8.9; “ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν τρέφεσθαι” Id.An.7.4.11, etc.
3. of land, feed, maintain one, “τρέφει γὰρ οὗτος [ὁ ἀγρὸς] . . με” Philem.98.2, cf. Men.63,466, al.
4. of women, feed or suckle an infant, “συνεξομοιοῦται τὰ τρεφόμενα ταῖς τρεφούσαις” Sor.1.88; γυνὴ τρέφουσα ib.87; ἡ τρέφουσα, = ἡ τροφός, Gal.6.44.
5. of food, nourish, “τὰ Ἡρακλεωτικὰ τρέφει οὐχ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀμυγδάλοις” Diocl.Fr.126, cf. 117; “ἡ οὐκ ἐπιτηδείως τῷ σώματι διδομένη τροφὴ οὐ τρέφει” Sor.1.49; “πυρῶν . . ὅσοι κοῦφοι . . ἧττον τρέφουσι” Gal.Vict.Att 6; “τὸ δέρμα πᾶν αὐτοῖς ὡς ἂν ὑπὸ φλεγματ ώδους αἵματος τρεφόμενον οἰδαλέον γίνεται” Id.18(2).118, cf. 106.
IV. bring up, rear, educate, Hes.Fr.19, Pi.N.3.53, etc.; “τῷ λόγῳ τ. καὶ παιδεύεις” Pl.R.534d; “θρέψαι καὶ παιδεῦσαι” D.59.18; “Δήμητερ ἡ θρέψασα τὴν ἐμὴν φρένα” A.Fr.479; ἡ θρέψασα (sc. γῆ) the motherland, Lycurg. 47:—Med., “ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤθεσιν” Pl.Lg.695e; ἡ θρεψαμένη one's motherland, Lycurg.85:—Pass., ὀρθῶς, εὖ τραφῆναι, Pl. R.401e, Alc.1.120e; παιδείᾳ, ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ παιδείᾳ τ., Id.Lg.695c, X. Cyn.1.16; “ἐν πολυτρόποις ξυμφοραῖς” Th.2.44; “ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ” Pl.Tht. 172c; “ἐν χλιδῇ” X.Cyr.4.5.54; “ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ” Pl.Tht.175d, Mx.239a; “ἐν ἄλλοις νόμοις” Arist.Pol.1327a14; “ἐν φωνῇ βαρβάρῳ” Pl.Prt.341c; “πάσαις Μούσαισι” BCH50.444 (Thespiae, iv A. D.).
V. the Pass. sts. came to mean little more than to be, ἐπ᾽ ἐμοὶ πολέμιον ἐτράφη (sc. τὸ γένος) Ar.Av.335 (lyr.), cf. Th.141, S.OC805.
B. Hom. uses an intr. aor. 2 Act. ἔτραφον in pass. sense (which is to τρέφομαι, τέτροφα (intr.) as ἔδρακον to δέρκομαι, δέδορκα, etc.), “ὃς . . ἔτραφ᾽ ἄριστος” Il.21.279; “λέοντε ἐτραφέτην ὑπὸ μητρί” 5.555; τραφέμεν (Ep. for τραφεῖν) 7.199, Od.3.28, al.; ἐπεὶ τράφ᾽ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ, i. e. when he was well-grown, Il.2.661:—as trans. the aor. 2 is used by Hom. only in Il.23.90, and τράφε in Pi.N.3.53 is Dor. impf.:—ἐτράφην is perh. post-Homeric; 3sg. τράφη is v. l. in Il.2.661, 1pl. ἐτράφημεν and 1sg. ἐτράφην （περ) vv. ll. in 23.84; τράφη is in all codd. of 3.201, 11.222, which should prob. be emended from 2.661; 3pl. “ἔτραφεν” 23.348 (v.l. ἔτραφον), Od.10.417 (v.l. ἔτραφον）; τράφεν in all codd. of Il.1.251, 266, Od.14.201, also (with v. l. τράφον) in 4.723: the vox nihili ἐτράφεμεν, found in Il.23.84 as cited by Aeschin.1.149, was emended by Scaliger to ἐτράφομεν:—the redupl. 3sg. “τέτραφ᾽” Il.21.279, 3pl. “τέτραφεν” 23.348, are ff. ll., though found in many codd. Later this aor. became obsolete, except in Ep. imitators, as in Call.Jov.55, Opp.H.1.774.
