A.in early Greek only as Dep.
I.absol. to work hard, do work, suffer toil, Hom.; περὶ δόρπα πονέοντο were busied about their supper, Il.; so, πεπόνητο καθ᾽ ἵππους was busy with the horses, of a charioteer, id=Il.
2.metaph. to be in distress, to distress oneself, id=Il.:— to suffer, be sick, Thuc.
II.c. acc. to work hard at, to make or do with pains or care, Hom., Hes.
B.after Hom., the act. form prevails
I.intr. to toil, labour, Theogn., Hdt., attic; μάτην π. to labour in vain, Soph.; c. acc., τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα μὴ πόνει do not labour at things that profit not, Aesch.
2.c. acc. cogn., π. πόνον, μόχθους to go through, suffer them, Trag.; also c. acc. partis, πονεῖν τὰ σκέλη Ar.
3.absol. to labour, be hard-pressed, suffer, Thuc., Xen.: to be worn out, spoilt, Dem.
II.trans.,
1.c. acc. pers. to afflict, distress, Pind.:—Pass. to be worn out, to suffer greatly, Soph., Thuc.
b.Pass., also, to be trained or educated, Arist., Theocr.
