prep. with gen., implying motion from a place; with dat., abiding at a place; with acc., motion to a place
A.WITH GEN.,
I.of Place, from, from forth, Hom., Soph.
2.on the side or quarter of, νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος islands looking (as it were) from Elis, i. e. towards Elis, Od.; πρὸς τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου ἵδρυται μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ Στρύμονος lies more towards (i. e. nearer) the Hellespont than the Strymon, Hdt.; ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο πρὸς Ὀλύνθου Thuc., etc.:—often with words denoting the points of the compass, δύω θύραι εἰσίν, αἱ μὲν πρὸς βορέαο, αἱ δ᾽ αὖ πρὸς νότου one looking north wards, the other south wards, Od.; so, οἰκέουσι πρὸς νότου ἀνέμου Hdt., etc.
3.before, in presence of, in the eyes of, πρός τε θεῶν μακάρων πρός τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων Il.: ἄδικον οὔτε πρὸς θεῶν οὔτε πρὸς ἀνθρώπων Thuc.
4.in supplication, adjuration, protestation, oaths, before, by, Lat. per, γουνάζομαί σε πρός τ᾽ ἀλόχου καὶ πατρός Od.; ἐπιορκεῖν πρὸς δαίμονος to forswear oneself by the god, Il.; πρὸς θεῶν attic:—the Trag. sometimes insert the pron. σε between the prep. and its case, as in Lat. per te omnes deos oro, πρός νύν σε πατρὸς πρός τε μητρὸς ἱκνοῦμαι Soph.; μὴ πρός σε γούνων Eur.
5.of origin or descent, from, on the side of τὰ πρὸς πατρός by the father's side, Hdt.; Ἀθηναῖον καὶ τὰ πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ τὰ πρὸς μητρός Dem.; πρὸς αἵματος blood-relations, Soph.
II.proceeding from some cause, from, at the hand of, τιμὴν πρὸς Ζηνὸς ἔχοντες Od.; τυγχάνειν τινὸς πρὸς θεῶν Aesch.:—so with all Passive Verbs, προτὶ Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι to be taught by Achilles, Il.; τὸ ποιεύμενον πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίων Hdt., etc.:— by means or agency of, πρὸς ἀλλήλοιν θανεῖν Eur.:—also of things, πρὸς τίνος ποτ᾽ αἰτίας τέθνηκεν; from or by what cause? Soph.
III.of dependence or close connexion; and so,
1.dependent on one, under one's protection, πρὸς Διός εἰσι ξεῖνοι Od.; πρὸς ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνειν to weave a web at the beck of another woman, Il.
IV.fitting, suitable, οὐ πρὸς τοῦ ἅπαντος ἀνδρός, not befitting every man, id=Hdt.; ἦ κάρτα πρὸς γυναικός ἐστιν 'tis very like a woman, Aesch.; οὐ πρὸς ἰατροῦ σοφοῦ θρηνεῖν Soph.:—also of qualities, πρὸς δίκης agreeable to justice, id=Soph.; οὐ πρὸς τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης Thuc.
B.WITH DAT., hard by, near, at, on, in, ποτὶ γαίῃ Od.; ποτὶ δρυσίν among the oaks, Il.; ἄγκυραν ποτὶ ναῒ κρημνάντων id=Il.; πρὸς μέσῃ ἀγορᾷ Soph.; πρὸς τῇ γῇ ναυμαχεῖν Thuc.; αἱ πρὸς θαλάττῃ πόλεις Xen.; τὰ πρὸς ποσί that which is close to the feet, before one, Soph.
2.before, in the presence of, πρὸς τοῖς θεσμοθέταις λέγειν Dem.
3.with Verbs denoting motion, followed by rest in or by a place, upon, against, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ Hom.; βάλλειν τινὰ πρὸς πέτρῃ Od.
4.with a notion of clinging closely, πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχεσθαι id=Od.; προσπεπλασμένας πρὸς οὔρεσι Hdt.; so, to express close employment, in, upon, πρὸς αὐτῷ γ᾽ εἰμὶ τῷ δεινῷ λέγειν Soph.; εἶναι or γίγνεσθαι πρός τινι to be employed in or on a thing, Plat.; ὅλον εἶναι πρός τινι Dem.
II.in addition to, besides, πρὸς τοῖς παροῦσιν ἄλλα Aesch.; δέκα μῆνας πρὸς ἄλλοις πέντε Soph.; πρὸς τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ in addition to his trade of leather-cutter, Plat.; πρὸς τούτοις besides this, Lat. praeterea, Hdt., etc.; πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις besides all the rest, Thuc.
C.WITH ACCUS.,
I.of Place, towards, to, Lat. versus, ἰέναι πρὸς Ὄλυμπον Il.; πρὸς ἠῶτ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε, ποτὶ ζόφον id=Il.
2.with Verbs implying previous motion, upon, against, ἑστάναι πρὸς κίονα Od.; ποτὶ τοῖχον ἀρηρότες, ποτὶ βωμὸν ἵζεσθαι id=Od.; ἑστάναι πρὸς σφαγάς to stand ready for slaughter, Aesch.
3.with Verbs of seeing, etc., towards, ἰδεῖν πρός τινα Od.; so, στῆναι ποτὶ πνοιήν to stand so as to face it, Il.; κλαίειν πρὸς οὐρανόν to cry to heaven, id=Il.:—of points of the compass, πρὸς ζόφον κεῖσθαι to lie towards the West, Od.; ναίειν πρὸς Ἠῶ τ᾽ Ἠέλιόν τε id=Od.; πρὸς ἑσπέραν, ἄρκτον towards the West, etc.
4.in hostile sense, against, πρὸς Τρῶας μάχεσθαι Il.; πρὸς θεὸν ἐρίζειν Pind.; χωρεῖν πρός τινα Soph.;—in speeches, πρός τινα in reply to, Lat. adversus, less strong than κατά τινος against, Lat. in, Dem.
5.without any hostile sense, ἀγορεύειν, εἰπεῖν πρός τινα to address oneself to him, Il.; ἀμείβεσθαι πρός τινα Hdt.; also of communing with oneself, εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν, προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν Il.:—of all sorts of intercourse, ὀμόσαι πρός τινα to take an oath to him, Od.; σπονδάς, συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι πρός τινα Thuc.; ἡ πρός τινα ξυμμαχία id=Thuc.; ἡ πρός τινα φιλία, πίστις Xen., etc.; but also, πρός τινα ἔχθρα, ἀπιστία, μῖσος, πόλεμος Aesch., Xen., etc.
6.of transactions, πρὸς Τυδείδην τεύχε᾽ ἄμειβεν changed arms with Tydeides, Il.: of matters brought before a magistrate, λαγχάνειν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς θεσμοθέτας ap. Dem.
II.of Time, towards or near, at or about, ποτὶ ἕσπερα at even, Od.; ἐπεὶ πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἦν Xen.; πρὸς ἠῶ Theocr.; πρὸς γῆρας for or in old age, Eur.
III.of Relation between two objects,
1.in reference to, in respect of, touching, τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον, i. e. military matters, Thuc.; τὰ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα our relations to the King, Dem.; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς our duties to the gods, Soph.; ὁ λόγος οὐδὲν πρὸς ἐμέ is nothing to me, concerns me not, Dem.; οὐδὲν αὐτῷ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν he has nothing to do with it, id=Dem.:—often with Advs., ἀσφαλῶς ἔχειν πρός τι Xen.
2.in reference to, in consequence of, πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα Hdt.; ἀθύμως ἔχειν πρός τι Xen.:—often with neut. Pron., πρὸς τί; wherefore? to what end? Soph.; πρὸς οὐδέν for nothing, in vain, id=Soph.; πρὸς ταῦτα therefore, this being so, Hdt., attic
4.in proportion or relation to, in comparison of, κοῖός τις ἀνὴρ δοκέοι εἶναι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα Hdt.; implying Superiority, πρὸς πάντας τοὺς ἄλλους, Lat. prae aliis omnibus, id=Hdt.; πρὸς τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας ναῦς τὸ μέσον σκοπεῖν the mean between the largest and smallest ships, Thuc.
5.in reference to, according to, πρὸς τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεσθαι Hdt.; πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν according to one's power, Dem.; πρὸς τὰς τύχας agreeably to one's fortunes, Eur.
7.often merely periphr. for adv., as πρὸς βίαν ῀ βιαίως, by force, forcibly, Aesch.; πρὸς τὸ καρτερόν id=Aesch.; πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος Soph.:— πρὸς ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν so as to please, Thuc.; πρὸς τὸ τερπνόν calculated to delight, id=Thuc.; πρὸς χάριν so as to gratify, Dem.;—and c. gen. rei, πρὸς χάριν τινός, like χάριν alone, Lat. gratia, for the sake of, πρὸς χ. βορᾶς Soph.; πρὸς ἰσχύος χ. by means of, Eur.; also, πρὸς ὀργήν with anger, angrily, Soph., etc.; πρὸς τὸ λιπαρές importunately, id=Soph.; πρὸς καιρόν seasonably, id=Soph.
D.ABSOL. AS ADV., = πρός B. II, besides, over and above, πρὸς δέ or ποτὶ δέ Il., Hdt., etc.; πρὸς δὲ καί, πρὸς δὲ ἔτι, καὶ πρός Hdt., etc.; καὶ πρός γε Eur.; καὶ δὴ πρός Hdt.
E.IN COMPOS., it expresses
I.motion towards, προσάγω, προσέρχομαι.
II.addition, besides, προσκτάομαι, προστίθημι.
III.connexion and engagement with anything, as πρόσειμι, προσγίγνομαι.
