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ăpĕrĭo , ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. (
I.fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.
I. Lit.: “patinas,Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16: “apertis lateribus,Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26: “capite aperto esse,Varr. ib. p. 236, 25; “p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129: “caput aperuit,id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20: “capita,Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60: “aperto pectore,Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person: “apertae pectora matres,id. ib. 13, 688: “ramum,Verg. A. 6, 406 al.Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6: “dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,id. 26, 17 (cf. just before: “densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,Tac. Agr. 38: “lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,Liv. 3, 15: “novam aciem dies aperuit,Tac. H. 4, 29: “his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,
II. Metaph.
A. 1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37: “aperite aliquis ostium,Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35: “forem aperi,id. Ad. 2, 1, 13: “fores,id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82: “januas carceris,Vulg. Act. 5, 19: “fenestram,ib. Gen. 8, 6: “liquidas vias,to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884: “sucum venis fundere apertis,to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812: “saccum,Vulg. Gen. 42, 27: “os,ib. ib. 22, 28: “labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,ib. Act. 9, 8: “accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13; “6, 3: aperire librum,Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12: “testamentum,Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.: “testamentum resignare,Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17: “sigillum aperire,to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.: “ferro iter aperiundum est,Sall. C. 58, 7: “locum ... asylum,to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8: “subterraneos specus,Tac. G. 16: “navigantibus maria,Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122: “arbor florem aperit,id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so, “aures aperire,to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—
2. Trop.: “nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10: “multus apertus cursus ad laudem,id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.: “tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,id. Fam. 6, 11: “philosophiae fontes,id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so, “alicujus cor aperire,ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2: “occasionem ad invadendum,id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72: “Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin: “annum,Verg. G. 1, 217: “contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it: “Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.—Poet.: “fuste aperire caput,” i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—
B. Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio); “most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4: “Syriam,Tac. A. 2, 70: “omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,id. H. 4, 64: “novas gentes,id. Agr. 22: “gentes ac reges,id. G. 1: “Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.: “Eoas,id. 4, 352: “pelagus,Val. Fl. 1, 169.—
C. Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.: “occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30: “explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,id. Or. 33, 116: “alicui scripturas aperire,Vulg. Luc. 24, 32: “tua probra aperibo omnia,Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae; “hi partem aperient,Ter. Ad. prol. 23: “non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84: “eo praesente conjurationem aperit,Sall. C. 40, 6: “naturam et mores,id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4: “lux fugam hostium aperuit,Liv. 27, 2: “aperiri error poterat,id. 26, 10: “casus aperire futuros,to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559: “futura aperit,Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character: “tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: “studio aperimur in ipso,Ov. A. A. 3, 371: “exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de: “cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,Liv. 44, 28: “domino navis, quis sit, aperit,Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf. “the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus , a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.
A. Lit.
1. Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus): “naves apertae,without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed: “locus,Caes. B. C. 3, 84.—Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless: “caelo invectus aperto,Verg. A. 1, 155: “aether,id. ib. 1, 587: “aperta serena prospicere,id. G. 1, 393.—
2. Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus): “Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272: “oculi,id. 4, 339: “oculorum lumine aperto,id. 4, 1139 et saep.: “nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20: “caelum patens atque apertum,id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693: “vidit caelos apertos,Vulg. Marc. 1, 10: “apertus et propatulus locus,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49: “iter,Liv. 31, 2: “apertior aditus ad moenia,id. 9, 28: “campi,id. 38, 3: “per apertum limitem (viae),Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285: “fenestrae,Vulg. Dan. 6, 10: “ostia,ib. ib. 13, 39: “aequor,Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. —Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum , subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space: “in aperto,Lucr. 3, 604: “per apertum fugientes,Hor. C, 3, 12, 10: “impetum ex aperto facerent,Liv. 35, 5: “castra in aperto posita,id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4: “volantem in aperto,Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22: “in aperta prodeunt,id. 8, 32, 50, § 117: “disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,Tac. A. 2, 23.—
B. Trop.
1. a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed: “nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062: “cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,Cic. Cat. 2, 1: “simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,id. Manil. 24: “quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?id. N. D. 2, 2, 4: “quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?Liv. 41, 24: “non furtim, sed vi aperta,id. 25, 24: “apertus animi motus,Quint. 10, 3, 21: “invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse: “multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc. ... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,
b. Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,
(α). To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, ἐν τῷ φανερῷ εἶναι: “ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,Sall. J. 5, 3.—
(β). To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space): “agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1: “hostes aggredi in aperto foret,id. H. 3, 56: “vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,id. Agr. 33.—
2. Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid: “animus apertus et simplex,Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57: “pectus,id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē , adv., openly, clearly, plainly.
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (147):
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