I.to put, set, or place around, i. e. both to wrap around (e. g. a mantle). and also to enclose (e. g. a town with a wall; syn.: cingo, vestio, saepio, circumvallo al.), with a twofold construction (cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 418).
I. Aliquid (alicui rei), to place something around something, to put, set around, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).
(α).
With dat.: “aër omnibus est rebus circumdatus appositusque,” Lucr. 6, 1035: “moenibus subjectos prope jam ignes circumdatosque restinximus,” Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 2: “circumdare fossam latam cubiculari lecto,” id. Tusc. 5, 20, 59: “satellites armatos contioni,” Liv. 34, 27, 5: “hinc patre hinc Catulo lateri circumdatis, Romam rediit,” i. e. one on each side, id. 30, 19, 9; 3, 28, 2: “milites sibi,” Tac. A. 13, 25: “arma umeris,” Verg. A. 2, 510: “licia tibi,” id. E. 8, 74: “vincula collo,” Ov. M. 1, 631: “bracchia collo,” id. ib. 9, 459; 9, 605; 6, 479; “and in tmesis: collo dare bracchia circum,” Verg. A. 6, 700 (cf. the simplex: “bracchia cervici dare,” Hor. C. 3, 9, 3): “lectis aulaea purpura,” Curt. 9, 7, 15: “cum maxime in hostiam itineri nostro circumdatam intuens,” i. e. divided, and part placed on each side of the way, Liv. 40, 13, 4.—
(β).
Without a dat.: “caedere januam saxis, ligna et sarmenta circumdare ignemque subicere coeperunt,” Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69; 2, 1, 31, § 80: “ignes,” id. Pis. 38, 93: “custodias,” id. Cat. 4, 4, 8: “armata circumdatur Romana legio,” Liv. 1, 28, 3: “exercitu circumdato summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur,” Sall. J. 25, 9: “circumdatae stationes,” Tac. A. 1, 50: “murus circumdatus,” Caes. B. G. 1, 38: “turris toto opere circumdedit,” id. ib. 7, 72: “circumdato vallo,” Curt. 3, 2, 2: “lauream (sc. capiti),” Suet. Vit. 9.—Subst.: circumdăti , ōrum, m., those around, the surrounding soldiers: “circumdatos Antonius adloquitur,” Tac. H. 3, 63.—With an abl. loci: “toto oppido munitiones,” Hirt. B. G. 8, 34 fin.: “equites cornibus,” Liv. 33, 18, 9; and without dat., Tac. A. 14, 53.—With two accs.: “circumdare terram radices,” Cato, R. R. 114; “and per tmesin,” id. ib. 157.—
B. Trop. (most freq. in Tac.): “cancelli, quos mihi ipse circumdedi,” Cic. Quint. 10, 36: “nescio an majora vincula majoresque necessitates vobis quam captivis vestris fortuna circumdederit,” Liv. 21, 43, 3: “egregiam famam paci circumdedit,” i. e. conferred, imparted, Tac. Agr. 20; cf.: “principatus inanem ei famam,” id. H. 4, 11; id. Or. 37: “principi ministeria,” id. H. 2, 59; id. A. 14, 15.—In a Greek construction: “infula virgineos circumdata comptus,” encompassing, Lucr. 1, 88; Tac. H. 4, 45; id. A. 16, 25.—
II. Aliquem or aliquid (aliquā re), to surround some person or thing (with something), to encompass, enclose, encircle with.
A. Lit.
1. In gen.: “animum (deus) circumdedit corpore et vestivit extrinsecus,” Cic. Univ. 6 fin.; cf.: “aether corpore concreto circumdatus undique,” Lucr. 5, 469: “portum moenibus,” Nep. Them. 6, 1: “regio insulis circumdata,” Cic. Fl. 12, 27: “villam statione,” Tac. A. 14, 8: “suam domum spatio,” id. G. 16: “collis operibus,” id. A. 6, 41: “vallo castra,” id. H. 4, 57: “Othonem vexillis,” id. ib. 1, 36: “canibus saltus,” Verg. E. 10, 57: “circumdato me bracchiis: meum collum circumplecte,” Plaut. As. 3, 3, 106: “collum filo,” Cat. 64, 377: “(aurum) circumdatum argento,” Cic. Div. 2, 65, 134: furvis circumdatus alis Somnus, * Tib. 2, 1, 89: “ad talos stola demissa et circumdata palla,” Hor. S. 1, 2, 99: “circumdedit se zonā,” Suet. Vit. 16: “circumdata corpus amictu,” Ov. M. 4, 313; cf. id. ib. 3, 666: “tempora vittis,” id. ib. 13, 643: “Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo,” Verg. A. 4, 137.—
2. Esp. of a hostile surrounding, to surround, encompass, invest, besiege, etc.: “oppidum vallo et fossā,” Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 10: “oppidum quinis castris,” Caes. B. C. 3, 9: “cum legati ... multitudine domum ejus circumdedissent,” Nep. Hann. 12, 4: “vallo atque fossā moenia circumdat,” Sall. J. 23, 1: “oppidum coronā,” Liv. 4, 47, 5: “quos (hostes) primo Camillus vallo circumdare est adortus,” id. 6, 8, 9: “fossā valloque urbem,” id. 25, 22, 8: “fossā duplicique vallo circumdatā urbe,” id. 28, 3, 5: “hostes exercitu toto,” Curt. 3, 8, 4. —
B. Trop.: “omni autem totam figuram mundi levitate circumdedit,” Cic. Univ. 6 init.: “exiguis quibusdam finibus oratoris munus circumdedisti,” have confined, circumscribed, id. de Or. 1, 62, 264; cf.: “minus octoginta annis circumdatum aevum,” Vell. 1, 17, 2: “pueritiam robore,” Tac. A. 12, 25: “fraude,” Sil. 7, 134; cf. id. 12, 477: “monstrorum novitate,” Quint. Decl. 18, 1.
