Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary

I. Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic (class. in prose and poetry, and very freq.): sanguine civili rem conflant, by the blood of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1: “conjuratio,” id. ib. 5, 12, 2: “bellum,” id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: “bella,” Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1: “genus belli,” Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7: “facinus,” Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.—So De Bello Civili, the title of a portion of the Commentaries of Julius Cæsar, Flor. 4, 2, 4: “discordia,” Sall. C. 5, 2: “dissensio,” id. J. 41 fin.: “discidii specie,” Tac. A. 14, 60: “irae,” id. ib. 1, 43: “acies,” Ov. M. 7, 142: “arma,” civil war, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9: “aestus,” Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47: “Mars,” Ov. H. 6, 35: “busta,” Prop. 2, 1, 27: “victoria,” Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.: “praeda,” id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.: “mos consuetudoque,” Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.“just before: instituta civilia: conciliatio et societas,” id. N. D. 2, 31, 78: “facinus,” id. Att. 7, 13, 1: “clamor,” Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf. “robur,” id. 28, 44, 5: “curae,” Hor. C. 3, 8, 17: “quercus = corona civica (v. civicus, I.),” Verg. A. 6, 772: civilis dies, the civil day (from midnight to midnight; opp. to the naturalis dies, from the rising to the setting of the sun), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3: “amor (opp. to naturalis),” between citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.—

2. Esp.: jus civile.

a. In gen., private rights, the law, as it protects citizens in their status, property, etc.: “jus civile est aequitas constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas,” Cic. Top. 2, 9: “sit ergo in jure civili finis hic: legitimae atque usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis conservatio,” id. de Or. 1, 42, 188: “qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc.,” id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.; “opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines nondum neque naturali neque civili jure descripto fusi, etc.,” Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—

b. The body of Roman law relating to private rights, the Civil Law: “ut si quis dicat jus civile id esse, quod in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, more, aequitate consistat,” Cic. Top. 5, 28: “hoc civile (jus) quod dicimus (opp. causa universi juris ac legum),” id. Leg. 1, 5, 17: “de jure civili si quis novi quid instituit,” Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109; “opp. jus nationum,” id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18; “opp. jus praetorium, the precedents of decisions by the prætor: nam quod agas mecum ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes,” id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.—

c. In narrower sense, the code of procedure, the forms of process in the Roman law: “civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit (Licinius),” Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.: “jus civile per multa saecula inter sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. Flavius vulgavit,” Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.: “inteream si... novi civilia jura,” Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.—

B. Relating to public or political life, political, public, state-: “scientia,” politics, political science, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33: “quaestiones,” id. 2, 15, 36: “officia,” id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27: “civilium rerum peritus,” Tac. H. 2, 5: “mersor civilibus undis,” Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a statesman, πολιτικος, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.—

2. Esp. civil, opp. military (first in Livy): “is gravis annis non militaribus solum sed civilibus quoque abscesserat muneribus,” Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.: “civilis res haud magnopere obeuntem bella excitabant,” id. 6, 22, 7.—

II. Trop. (cf. popularis, and the Gr. κοινός), demeaning one's self as a citizen; hence of distinguished persons, courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane (so not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.; “in Quint. only once): quid enim civilius illo?” Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13: “sermo,” Liv. 6, 40, 15: “animus,” id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12: “parumque id non civile modo sed humanum etiam visum,” unbecoming a private citizen, Liv. 5, 23, 5: “et humano ingressu,” Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.: “incessu,” Plin. Pan. 83, 7: “civile ingenium, mira comitas,” Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: arma, id. H. 4, 3: “civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi,” id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. Pan. 78, 4; 87, 1: “civilis circa amicos,” Eutr. 7, 13: “in cunctos,” id. 10, 16.—Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.—As subst.: cīvīle , is, n., courtesy: “si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,” Liv. 5, 3, 9.—Hence, adv.: cīvīlĭter .

1. (Acc. to I.) Citizen-like: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.—

b. In judicial language, civilly (opp. criminally): “agere,” Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.—

2. (Acc. to 2.) As becomes a citizen, courteously, kindly, Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.—Comp.: “civilius,” Plin. Pan. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.—Sup.: “civilissime,” Eutr. 7, 8.