Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary

I.at length, at last, not till then; just, precisely; only, etc.

I. In Latin of every period and description of writing (for syn. cf.: tandem, denique, postremum, primo).

A. Enclitically with pronouns, like adeo (but less freq.), just, precisely, especially, exactly, indeed; also translated by an emphasis of the pronoun: “id demum lepidumst,” Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 14; cf.: “sic sentio, id demum aut potius id solum esse miserum, quod turpe sit,” Cic. Att. 8, 8 init.: “idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est,” Sall. C. 20, 4; cf. id. ib. 12 fin.: “relinquere aculeum in audientium animis is demum potest, qui, etc.,” Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 18: “tamquam ad eam linguam demum natus esset,” Quint. 6 prooem. § 11:“ me fortuna hac demum voluit consistere terra,” Verg. A. 1, 629; cf. id. ib. 2, 743 al.: “ille demum antiquis est adulescens moribus,” Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 20: “per quaedam parva sane, si ipsa demum aestimes, ducunt,” Quint. 1, 10, 5: “vos demum, ut video, legem antiquastis sine tabella. Sed ego, etc.,” Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 38 (but Bait. vos quidem): “quae demum causae secundam valetudinem praestent, Cels. praef.: jam vero exsilium, si rerum naturam, non ignominiam nominis quaerimus, quantum demum a perpetua peregrinatione differt?” Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107: “sciscitando eo demum pervenit, ut haud procul esset, quin Remum agnosceret,” Liv. 1, 5 fin.—

(β). Strengthened by a preceding verum enim vero, or a following profecto: “verum enim vero id demum juvat, si quem, etc.,” Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 2; Sall. C. 2, 9; cf. Liv. 4, 4: “is demum profecto vitam aequa lance pensitabit, etc.,” Plin. 7, 7, 5.—

(γ). Separated from the pronoun: “hoc est demum quod percrucior,” Plaut. Bac. 5, 1, 13: “illa seges demum,” Verg. G. 1, 47.—

B. Enclitically with the adverbs nunc, tum, or tunc, post, modo, jam, ibi, sic, etc.; just, precisely, not till; also freq. expressed by more strongly accenting those particles.—

a. Nunc demum, Gr. νῦν δή, now, now at length, at last (cf.: nunc adeo, under 2. adeo, no. B. 2. c.): “nunc demum ego cum illa fabulabor libere,” Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 40; “so with scio,” id. Epid. 3, 4, 22; id. Mil. 2, 6, 62; “with intellego,” Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 12; cf.: “nunc demum rescribo iis litteris, quas, etc.,” Cic. Att. 16, 3; and: “undevicesimo aetatis anno dicere in foro coepi et nunc demum, quid praestare debeat orator, adhuc tamen per caliginem video,” yet it is only now that I am at length beginning to see, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 8 et saep.—

(β). In Plautus with following conjunctions, cum, quoniam, etc.: “nunc demum a me insipienter factum esse arbitror, Cum rem cognosco,” Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 80; cf. id. Rud. 4, 4, 78.—

(γ). Separated by pol, edepol, or other words: “nunc pol demum ego sum liber,” Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 14: “nunc edepol demum in memoriam regredior, cum cogito, etc.,” id. Capt. 5, 4; 25; id. Cas. 4, 4, 14; id. Aul. 1, 2, 1: “heu, nunc misero mihi demum Exsilium infelix!” Verg. A. 10, 849.—

b. Tum demum, then at length, then indeed (so most freq., esp. in the historians; “in Caes. only in this connection): tum demum Liscus oratione Caesaris adductus, etc.,” Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 50, 2; 1, 51, 2; Liv. 2, 20; 3, 12; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; Verg. A. 6, 330; 573; id. G. 3, 205; Ov. F. 4, 615 et saep.: “utraque re satis experta tum demum consules,” Liv. 2, 29.—

(β). With foll. conjunct. ubi, si, cum, etc. (and in Plautus also separate; cf. above, no. 1. b. and c.): “ubi expolivero, Magis hoc tum demum dices,” Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61; Sall. J. 46; Cels. 7, 27 fin.: “si id facies, tum demum scibis, etc.,” Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Cic. Rep. 1, 24; cf. with quodsi, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4: “ac tum demum, cum medium tenuere, etc.,” Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7: “tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, Ubi, etc.,” Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—Once in this connection demum alone: “servata res est demum, si illam videro,” Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 68.—

c. Tunc demum (cf. Drak. Liv. 41, 3, 5): “tunc demum intelleges, etc.,” Sen. Ep. 121; Suet. Calig. 9; Vulg. Gen. 41, 9; and with cum, Col. praef. fin.; “with ubi,” Cels. 3, 6, and 10.—

d. Post demum, afterwards, not till after: “post eum demum huc cras adducam,” Plaut. As. 5, 2, 65: “post igitur demum, etc.,” id. Amph. 3, 1, 16.—With post as praep.: unas enim post idus Martias, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4: “post biduum demum,” Suet. Aug. 10 fin.—

e. Modo demum, only now, now for the first time: “modone id demum sensti,” Ter. And. 5, 3, 11.—

f. Jam demum, now at last, now (cf. δή ... ἤδη, Eurip. Suppl. 980; “Troad. 235),” Ov. Tr. 2, 8.—

g. Ibi demum, just there: “illic ibi demum'st locus, ubi, etc.,” Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 3; Quint. 10, 3, 13: “ibi demum morte quievit,” Verg. A. 9, 445; cf. id. ib. 1, 629; Stat. Th. 2, 474; id. Silv. 2, 3, 14; cf. “also ibi demum, of time,” Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 53.—

h. Sic demum: “sic demum socios consumpta nocte reviso,” Verg. A. 2, 795; 6, 154.—

k. Ita demum, Vulg. 2 Mac. 6, 15.—

2. With the abl. temp. or absol.: “ego novus maritus anno demum quinto et sexagesimo fiam?” Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 15: “decimo demum pugnavimus anno,” Ov. M. 13, 209: “quarta vix demum exponimur hora,” Hor. S. 1, 5, 23: “hieme demum,” Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2: “pontificatum maximum, quem numquam vivo Lepido auferre sustinuerat, mortuo demum suscepit,” Suet. Aug. 31; cf.: “appellato demum collegio obtinuit,” id. Caes. 23: “his demum exactis,” Verg. A. 6, 637: “noctu demum rex recessit,” Curt. 7, 11, 20.—And once with the nominative of the part. perf.: “damnatus demum, vi coactus reddidit Mille et ducentos Philippos,” i. e. not until condemned, Plaut. Bac. 2, 4, 38.—

C. To add emphasis to the idea contained in a proposition, in fact, in very truth, certainly, indeed (rare): “ea sunt enim demum non ferenda in mendacio, quae, etc.,” Cic. Rep. 2, 15: “immemor est demum, nec frugum munere dignus, qui, etc.,” Ov. M. 15, 122; Quint. 10, 6, 5; “so to strengthen a comparative (cf.: adeo, etiam): latius demum ire,” further yet, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 156: “num expositio haec longior demum esse debeat,” Quint. 4, 2, 79.—

II. In postAug. Latin.

A. Only, solely, exclusively ( = duntaxat, tantum, solum, tantummodo, modo): ne vulgarem viam ingressus, alienis demum vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. § 3; id. 2, 15, 1: “adeo suis demum oculis credidit,” id. 11, 3, 68: quaedam (verba) tertiae demum personae figura dicuntur, ut licet, piget, id. 1, 4, 29: qui (Cicero) non assecutus esset docendo judicem tantum et utiliter demum ac Latine perspicueque dicendo, ut, etc., id. 8, 3, 3 et saep.: “nihil magis pro contione testatus est, quam id demum se habiturum, quod, etc.,” but just that, Suet. Oth. 6 et saep.: “ut non is demum sit veneficus, qui vitam abstulit data potione, sed etiam qui mentem,” Quint. 9, 2, 105; cf. “with the following verum etiam,” id. 7 prooem. § 1.—

b. Ita demum, only so; then or in that case only; not till then ( = tum demum); “esp. freq. in conditional propositions: si plus humoris excernitur quam assumitur, ita demum secundae valetudinis spes est,” Cels. 3, 21; Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 2; Suet. Claud. 25 al.—

B. To point out something as taking place only after previous delay, at length, at last = tandem: “quod oppidum Hispaniae frustra diu oppugnatum illitis demum galbano facibus succenderit,” Suet. Galb. 3; cf. corresp. with tandem, id. Calig. 6.— *

2. For denique no. II. 2, finally, in fine: “ex quibus alium Ciceroni, alium Caesari, singulis demum singulos opponeremus,” Tac. Or. 26 fin. Cf. Hand Turs. II. p. 250-260; Zumpt ad Curt. 6, 39, 25; Mützell ad Curt. 3, 7, 8; 3, 22, 26.