Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary

I. Orig. denoting succession in time, and thereupon, and then, in the sequel.

A. In gen. (rare—for syn. cf.: “tum, demum, tandem, postremo): omnes negabant ... denique hercle jam pudebat,” Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 8: “risu omnes qui aderant emoriri. Denique Metuebant omnes jam me,” id. Eun. 3, 1, 42: “ille imperat reliquis civitatibus obsides. Denique ei rei constituit diem,” Caes. B. G. 7, 64: “ferme ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt post principia denique,” Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4.—In the interrogatory formula: “quid denique agitis?” and what did you do then? Plaut. Bac. 2, 3, 60: id. Truc. 2, 4, 47.—More freq.,

B. Pregn., ending a period, at last, at length; lastly, finally: “boat caelum fremitu virum ... Denique, ut voluimus, nostra superat manus,” Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 12; Ter. And. 1, 1, 120: “nisi quia lubet experiri, quo evasuru 'st denique,” Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 93; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 8; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 71: “Nil nostri miserere? mori me denique coges,” Verg. E. 2, 7: “quid jam misero mihi denique restat?” id. A. 2, 70; 2, 295 al.—

b. Strengthened by ad extremum, ad postremum, or tandem: “boni nescio quomodo tardiores sunt, et principiis rerum neglectis ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,” Cic. Sest. 47: “victus denique ad postremum est,” Just. 12, 16 fin.; 37, 1 fin.: et tandem denique devorato pudore ad Milonem aio, Ap. M. 2, p. 121.—

c. Sometimes of that which happens after a long delay = tandem: “quae (sc. urbana) ego diu ignorans, ex tuis jucundissimis litteris a. d. V. Cal. Jan. denique cognovi,” Cic. Att. 5, 20, 8: “aliquam mihi partem hodie operae des denique, jam tandem ades ilico,” Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 40.—

d. With the particles tum, nunc, or an abl. of time (nearly = demum), just. precisely: “tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona, cum, etc.,” Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 39: “qui convenit polliceri operam suam reip. tum denique, si necessitate cogentur? etc.,” Cic. Rep. 1, 6; “so tum denique,” id. Quint. 13, 43; id. Tusc. 3, 31, 75; id. de Sen. 23, 82; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64 et saep.; “and separated,” id. Lael. 22, 84; id. Caecin. 34 fin.: “tantum accessit, ut mihi nunc denique amare videar, antea dilexisse,” id. Fam. 9, 14, 5; cf. id. Quint. 13: “ne is, de cujus officio nemo umquam dubitavit, sexagesimo denique anno dedecore notetur,” id. ib. 31, 99; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 4; id. B. C. 1, 5, 2; Sall. J. 105, 3.—

(β). Like demum with pronouns, to give emphasis: “si qua metu dempto casta est, ea denique casta est,” Ov. Am. 3, 4, 3: “is enim denique honos mihi videri solet, qui, etc.,” Cic. Fam. 10, 10; cf.: “eo denique,” Cic. Quint. 11, 38.—

(γ). With vix (like vix demum): “posita vix denique mensa,” Ov. Her. 16, 215.—

II. Transf., in enumerations.

A. Like dein (deinde) followed by postremo, or ad postremum (rare): “denique sequitur ... postremo si est, etc.,” Varr. L. L. 7, 19, 113: “omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,” Cic. Agr. 2, 23 fin.; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; cf. id. Fam. 2, 15, 4: “primum illis cum Lucanis bellum fuit .. Denique Alexander rex Epiri .. cum omnibus copiis ab his deletus est .. ad postremum Agathocles, etc.,” Just. 23, 1, 15. —

B. Pregn., to introduce the last of a series, finally, lastly, in fine (the usual meaning of the word; cf.: “postremo, novissime, ad extremum): consilium ceperunt ... ut nomen hujus de parricidio deferrent, ut ad eam rem aliquem accusatorem veterem compararent ... denique ut, etc.,” Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Ov. Tr. 2, 231: cur etiam secundo proelio aliquos ex suis amitteret? cur vulnerari pateretur optime de se meritos milites? cur denique fortunam periclitaretur? Caes. B. C. 1, 72, 2: “aut denique,” Cic. Arch, 6, 12: “qui denique,” id. Rep. 1, 17: “tum denique,” Verg. G. 2, 369 et saep.: “cum de moribus, de virtutibus, denique de republica disputet (Socrates),” Cic. Rep. 1, 10: “mathematici, poetae, musici, medici denique, etc.,” id. Fin. 5, 3, 7: “denique etiam,” id. Fl. 4, 9: “primum omnium me ipsum vigilare, etc.: deinde magnos animos esse in bonis viris ..: deos denique immortales. auxilium esse laturos,” id. Cat. 2, 9.—

2. Freq. in ascending to a climax, or to a higher or more general expression, in a word, in fine, in short, briefly, even, in fact, indeed: “quis hunc hominem rite dixerit, qui sibi cum suis civibus, qui denique cum omni hominum genere nullam esse juris communionem velit?” Cic. Rep. 2, 26: “nemo bonus, nemo denique civis est, qui, etc.,” id. Pis. 20, 45; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69; Liv. 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 10 al.: “pernegabo atque obdurabo, perjurabo denique,” Plaut. As. 2, 2, 56; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 51; id. Hec. 4, 4, 95; Cic. Quint. 16, 51; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23 al.: “numquam tam mane egredior, neque tam vesperi domum revortor, quin te in fundo conspicer fodere, aut arare, aut aliquid facere denique, Heaut. 1, 1, 15: quod malum majus, seu tantum denique?” Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 2: “ne nummi pereant, aut pyga aut denique fama,” Hor. S. 1, 2, 133: “haec denique ejus fuit postrema oratio,” Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 44; so Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317; Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 70; Nep. Pelop. 4, 3; Vell. 2, 113; Tac. A. 1, 26; Ov. M. 2, 95 al. —Hence, freq. emphatic with ipse: “arma, tela, locos, tempora, denique naturam ipsam industria vicerat,” Sall. J. 76: “hoc denique ipso die,” Cic. Mil. 36, 100.—With omnia, prius flamma, prius denique omnia, quam, etc., id. Phil. 13, 21, 49; Quint. 10, 1, 119; Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 13; cf.: “quidquid denique,” Cels. 2, 28, 1.—

3. In post-Aug. prose (esp. in the jurists), to denote an inference, in consequence, therefore, accordingly: “hujus victoriae callide dissimulata laetitia est: denique non solita sacra Philippus illa die fecit, etc.,” Just. 9, 4, 1: “pulcherrima Campaniae plaga est: nihil mollius caelo: denique bis floribus vernat,” Flor. 1, 16, 3; Dig. 1, 7, 13; 10, 4, 3, § 15 et saep. So in citing a decision for a position assumed: “denique Scaevola ait, etc.,” Dig. 7, 3, 4; 4, 4, 3; 7, 8, 14: “exstat quidem exemplum ejus, qui gessit (sc. magistratum) caecus: Appius denique Claudius caecus consiliis publicis intererat,” ib. 3, 1, 1, § 5 and 6; 48, 5, 8.—In class. usage denique includes the connective -que; “once in Plaut. and often in late Lat. a copul. conj. precedes it: atque hoc denique,” Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 18: “aurum, argentum, et denique aliae res,” Gai. Inst. 2, 13; Dig. 1, 8, 1. See Hand Turs. II. p. 260-278.