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ĕt ,
I.conj. [Sanscr. ati, beyond; Gr. ἔτι, besides, yet; Lat. et-iam, at-avus], serves to connect, in the most general manner, single words or entire sentences, and.
I. In gen.: qui illius impudentiam norat et duritudinem, Cato ap. Gell. 17, 2, 20: te sale nata precor, Venus et genetrix patris nostri, Enn. ap. Non. 378, 16 (Ann. v. 53 ed. Vahlen): blande et docte percontat, Naev. ap. Non. 474, 7: “ut, quoad possem et liceret, a senis latere numquam discederem,Cic. Lael. 1, 1: “de quo praeclare et multa praecipiuntur,id. Or. 21, 70: “qui filium consularem clarum virum et magnis rebus gestis amisit,id. Fam. 4, 6; cf.: “major (frater) et qui prius imperitarat,Liv. 21, 31: “haec pueris et mulierculis et servis et servorum simillimis liberis esse grata,Cic. Off. 2, 16, 57 et saep.: “salicta locis aquosis, humectis, umbrosis, propter amnes ibi seri oportet. Et id videto, uti, etc.,Cato, R. R. 9: “optime vero, frater: et fleri sic decet,Cic. Leg. 2, 3 fin.: “qua de re est igitur inter summos viros major dissensio? Et omitto illa, quae relicta jam videntur,id. Ac. 2, 42 et saep.
II. In partic.
A. To subjoin a word or phrase which more accurately defines or more briefly comprehends what goes before, and indeed, and moreover, and that too: “te enim jam appello, et ea voce, ut me exaudire possis,Cic. Mil. 25, 67: “at laudat, et saepe, virtutem,id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48; cf.: “id, et facile, effici posse,Nep. Milt. 3, 4: “errabas, Verres, et vehementer errabas,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121; “so with a repetition of the same word: hostis et hostis,id. ib. 2, 2, 21, § “51: tenetur, judices, et manifeste tenetur,id. ib. 2, 3, 65, § 152; id. Cat. 3, 10; id. Deiot. 3; id. Mil. 23, 61 al.; Liv. 26, 13; Sen. de Clem. 15 et saep.: “haec nostra ut exigua et minima contemnimus,Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 127; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 32: “nulla enim nobis societas cum tyrannis, et potius summa distractio est,id. Off. 3, 6, 32; cf.: cur eo non estis contenti? et cur id potius contenditis, quod? etc., id. Ac. 2, 17, 74: “si te ipse et tuas cogitationes et studia perspexeris,id. Fin. 2, 21, 69: “omitto illa, quae relicta jam videntur, et Herillum, qui in cognitione et scientia summum bonum ponit,id. Ac. 2, 42: “Romani, quibus Poeni et Hannibal in cervicibus erat,Just. 29, 3, 7: “studiose ab his siderum magnitudines, intervalla, cursus anquirebantur et cuncta caelestia,Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 10: “valde a Xenocrate et Aristotele et ab illa Platonis familia discreparet,id. Leg. 1, 21, 55 et saep.: “et appetendi et refugiendi et omnino rerum gerendarum initia proficiscuntur aut a voluptate aut a dolore,Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 42. —
C. To connect two immediately successive points of time (only in poets and historians, esp. since the Aug. per.; cf. atque, II. C.), often to be rendered in English by when, and then: advenit, et navibu' complevit litora, Poeta ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31 fin.: “dixit, et extemplo ... sensit medios delapsus in hostes,Verg. A. 2, 376: “dixit (dixerat), et,id. ib. 1, 402; 2, 705; 3, 258; Val. Fl. 1, 569; Stat. Th. 2, 120 al.; cf.: “nec plura effatus et,Verg. A. 8, 443: “sic fatus et,Stat. Th. 12, 773: “nec longum tempus et ingens exiit arbos,Verg. G. 2, 80; cf. Stat. Th. 7, 300; Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8; Tac. H. 2, 95: “vix prima inceperat aestas, Et pater Anchises dare fatis vela jubebat,Verg. A. 3, 9; so, “vix ... et,id. ib. 5, 858; 6, 498; Stat. Th. 2, 293; cf.: “vixdum ... et,Liv. 43, 4, 10; cf. “also: simul haec effatur, et, etc.,Luc. 6, 246.—
D. After an imperative, to subjoin the consequence of an action (poet. and in postAug. prose), and then: “dic quibus in terris, et eris mihi magnus Apollo,Verg. E. 3, 104; Ov. Am. 2, 14, 44; Phaedr. 3, 5, 7; Luc. 4, 487; 2, 515; Sen. de Clem. 1, 16; Plin. Pan. 43, 3; 45, 6: sit mihi, quod nunc est, etiam minus; “et mihi vivam Quod superest aevi,Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 107.—
E. To subjoin the minor proposition (assumptio or propositio minor) in a syllogism, now, but (cf. atque, II.): “eorum, qui videntur, alia vera sunt, alia falsa: et quod falsum, id percipi non potest: nullum igitur est, etc.,Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 40; id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9; 5, 17; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33 al.
F. With an accessory affirmative notion, and in fact, and indeed, and truly, and so: “multa me sollicitant ... et sexcenta sunt, Cic. Att! 2, 19: et sunt illa sapientis,id. Tusc. 3, 8 fin.; id. Leg. 2, 3, 7: “et erat, ut retuli, clementior,Tac. A. 2, 57: jam pridem a me illos abducere Thestylis orat; “Et faciet, quoniam sordent tibi munera nostra,Verg. E. 2, 44 et saep.: “estne ille noster Parmeno? et certe ipsus est,Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 4; “with certe,id. Ad. 1, 1, 53; “with hercle,Cic. Brut. 72; id. Fin. 2, 8; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2.—
H. To connect an idea as either homogeneous or complementary to that which precedes, and so too, and also, and moreover, and at the same time; too, also, likewise (hence, often in Liv., Curt., and late Lat., rarely in Cic., = etiam; cf. Anton. Stud. pp. 26-69; “Krebs, Antibarb. p. 420): Terentia te maxime diligit salutemque tibi plurimam ascribit, et Tulliola, deliciae nostrae,Cic. Att. 1, 5 fin.: Ge. Salvus sis. Di. Et tu salve, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 44; id. Trin. 1, 2, 11; id. Mil. 4, 8, 42; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 122; “for which: salve et tu,Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 42; v. the foll.: “haec ipsa mihi sunt voluptati: et erant illa Torquatis,Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25: “ubi tunc eras? Romae. Verum quid ad rem? et alii multi,id. Rosc. Am. 33, 92; cf. “ib. § 94: et illud videndum quanto magis homines mala fugiant,id. Part. 26: “et mihi sunt vires, et mihi facta tuba'st!Tib. 2, 6, 10; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 83: “nihil verius. Probe et ille,Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73; so, “et ille,id. ib. 3, 13 fin.: “et ipse,id. Caecin. 20 fin.; so id. de Or. 1, 46, 202; Liv. 1, 12; 6, 3; 41, 24 et saep.; cf.: “simul et ille,Cic. Clu. 4, 10; 17, 48; 57, 155; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1: “simul et iste,id. ib. 2, 1, 41; Sall. J. 20, 1 et saep.: “et nunc ego amore pereo,Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 14; so, “et nunc,id. Curc. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40; id. Fam. 13, 54, 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 13 fin.; “for which: nunc et,Hor. C. 1, 4, 11; cf.: “nonnumquam et,Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 3: “sunt et,Cic. Top. 6; Verg. A. 9, 136: “meruit et,Suet. Caes. 3 et saep.: “quoniam formam cepi hujus in me et statum, Decet et facta moresque hujus habere me similes item,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 111: “nam et qui parat pecus, necesse est constituat numerum, etc.,Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 24: so, “nam et,Cic. Leg. 1, 11; 2, 25, 63; id. de Or. 1, 25; id. Off. 1, 40, 142; Liv. 6, 19 al.; cf.: “at et,Cic. Tusc. 3, 3: “sed et,id. Att. 5, 10 fin.; Quint. 10, 1, 107; “and with a preceding non modo or non solum (post-Aug.),Tac. G. 15, 35; id. A. 14, 39; Suet. Aug. 89 et saep.; cf.: “et ... non = ne ... quidem, ego vero et in ipsa suffocatione non desii, etc.,Sen. Ep. 54, 3: “ergo et,Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27; id. Leg. 1, 12, 33; id. Div. 1, 50, 114: “itaque et,id. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 et saep.—
I. When repeated, et ... et, it serves, like the Gr. καὶ ... καί or τε καί, to connect two ideas partitively, both ... and, as well ... as, not only ... but also: “hoc etiam ad malum accersebatur malum, Et discipulus et magister perhibebantur improbi,Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 23; 4, 8, 45: “et audax et malus,id. ib. 4, 9, 25: “eloquere utrumque nobis, et quid tibi est, et quid velis nostram operam,id. Cist. 1, 1, 59: “ut et severitas adhibeatur et contumelia repellatur,Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137: “dimitto (puerum), et ut a magistris ne abducam et quod mater discedit,id. Q. Fr. 3, 9 fin.: “non et legatum argentum est et non est legata numerata pecunia,id. Top. 13 et saep. More than twice: “quo facilius et hujus hominis innocentissimi miserias et illorum audaciam cognoscere possitis et rei publicae calamitatem,Cic. Rosc. Am. 5 fin.; “so three times,id. Att. 12, 4, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 9 fin. et saep.; “six times,Cic. Fam. 13, 25; “ten times,id. de Or. 1, 20, 90.—With a subordinate que or atque: “nam et semper me coluit diligentissimeque observavit et a studiis nostris non abhorret,Cic. Fam. 13, 22; “with atque,id. de Or. 1, 21, 95.—Et ... que are sometimes used for et ... et (rarely in Cic.; “freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): quis est quin intellegat et eos inmemores fuisse, nosque honestate duci?Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; id. Brut. 88, 302: “id et singulis universisque semper honori fuisse,Liv. 4, 2; 5, 46 fin.; 24, 2 fin.; 32, 32 fin.; Tac. Agr. 2 fin.; Suet. Ner. 33 al.—Sometimes the second et subjoins a more weighty assertion; in which case et ... et = cum ... tum, not only ... but also: “homo et in aliis causis exercitatus et in hac multum et saepe versatus,Cic. Quint. 1, 3; id. Fat. 1, 2; id. de Or. 1, 9, 38; id. Off. 2, 11, 38.—
2. Et ... neque or neque ... et, when one clause is a negative (but et ... et non, et non ... et, when only one word is negatived): “ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris neque exigam, nisi tuo commodo,Cic. Brut. 4 fin.: “ego si et Silius is fuerit, quem tu putas nec Drusus facilem se praebuerit, Damasippum velim aggrediare,id. Att. 12, 33: “cui quidem ita sunt Stoici assensi, ut et, quicquid honestum esset, id utile esse censerent, nec utile quicquam, quod non honestum,id. Off. 3, 3, 11: pueris nobis Cn. Aufidius praetorius et in senatu sententiam dicebat nec amicis deliberantibus deerat et Graecam scribebat historiam et videbat in litteris, id. Tusc. 5, 38 fin.: “quia et consul aberat ... nec, etc.,Liv. 22, 8 et saep.: “nec miror et gaudeo,Cic. Fam. 10, 1 fin.: “nam nec in eo jus cognationis servavit, cui ademit regnum, et eum, cui dedit, etc.,Just. 8, 6 fin.: “id et nobis erit perjucundum et tibi non sane devium,Cic. Att. 2, 4 fin.: “locus is melior, quem et non coquit sol et tangit ros,Varr. R. R. 3, 14.— “Rarely neque ... et = non quidem ... sed: amicitias neque facile admisit et constantissime retinuit,Suet. Aug. 66.—
K. Less freq., tum ... et, et ... tum, in the same sense: “omnis ejus oratio tum in virtute laudanda et in hominibus ad virtutis studium cohortandis consumebatur,Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 16: “et in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime in celeritate et continuatione verborum adhaerescens, etc.,id. Brut. 93, 320. See Hand Turs. II. pp. 467-540.
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hide References (135 total)
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (135):
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 10.1
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 13.22
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 13.25
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 2.18.2
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 4.6
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 8.1.3
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 12.33
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 12.4.2
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 1.5
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 2.4
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 5.10
    • Cicero, Letters to his brother Quintus, 3.9
    • Caesar, Gallic War, 1.15.3
    • Caesar, Gallic War, 1.37.1
    • Caesar, Gallic War, 6.13
    • Cicero, For Marcus Caelius, 28
    • Cicero, Against Catiline, 3.10
    • Cicero, Philippics, 1.8
    • Cicero, For Aulus Caecina, 20.57
    • Cicero, For Aulus Caecina, 20
    • Cicero, For Sextus Roscius of Ameria, 33.92
    • Cicero, For Sextus Roscius of Ameria, 5
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.5.1
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.5.121
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.5.40
    • Cicero, For Aulus Cluentius, 40.111
    • Cicero, For Aulus Cluentius, 4.10
    • Cicero, For King Deiotarius, 3
    • Cicero, For Milo, 23.61
    • Cicero, For Milo, 25.67
    • Cicero, For Milo, 33.91
    • Cicero, For Milo, 12
    • Cicero, For Milo, 17
    • Cicero, For Sestius, 39.80
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 13.338
    • Plautus, Amphitruo, 1.1
    • Plautus, Bacchides, 3.3
    • Plautus, Cistellaria, 1.1
    • Plautus, Mostellaria, 3.1
    • Plautus, Poenulus, 1.1
    • Plautus, Stichus, 2.1
    • Plautus, Trinummus, 1.2
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 1.48
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 2.376
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 3.9
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 8.443
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 9.136
    • Vergil, Georgics, 2.433
    • Vergil, Georgics, 2.80
    • Tacitus, Annales, 14.39
    • Tacitus, Annales, 2.57
    • Tacitus, Historiae, 2.95
    • Tacitus, Germania, 15.35
    • Tacitus, Agricola, 2
    • Plautus, Miles Gloriosus, 4.8
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.20
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.21
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.25
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.46
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.9
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 3.18
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 1.280
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 2.416
    • Suetonius, Divus Augustus, 66
    • Suetonius, Divus Augustus, 89
    • Suetonius, Divus Julius, 3
    • Suetonius, Nero, 33
    • Lucan, Civil War, 2.515
    • Lucan, Civil War, 4.487
    • Lucan, Civil War, 6.246
    • Cornelius Nepos, Miltiades, 3.4
    • Pliny the Younger, Epistulae, 5.14.8
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 41, 24
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22, 8
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 43, 4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 5, 46
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 26, 13
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 12
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 19
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 31
    • Seneca, de Clementia, 1.16
    • Cicero, De Legibus, 1.11
    • Cicero, De Legibus, 1.12
    • Cicero, De Legibus, 1.21
    • Cicero, De Legibus, 2.16
    • Cicero, De Legibus, 2.3
    • Cicero, De Fato, 1
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 1.12
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 1.20
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 1.7
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.21
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.8
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 3.8
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 5.22
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 5.29
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 3.13
    • Cicero, De Amicitia, 1
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.50
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.31
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 3.20
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 3.26
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 3.3
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 3.4
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 3.8
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 4.34
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 5.3
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 5.38
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 5.4
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.38
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.40
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 2.11
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 2.16
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 2.18
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 3.3
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 3.6
    • C. Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica, 1.569
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 10, 1.107
    • Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 17.2.20
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 54.3
    • Sallust, Catilinae Coniuratio, 58
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 20
    • Ovid, Tristia, 1.3
    • Statius, Thebias, 12
    • Statius, Thebias, 2
    • Statius, Thebias, 7
    • Cicero, Brutus, 11.43
    • Cicero, Brutus, 4
    • Cicero, Brutus, 72
    • Cicero, Brutus, 88.302
    • Cicero, Brutus, 93.320
    • Cicero, Orator, 21.70
    • Cicero, Topica, 13
    • Cicero, Topica, 6
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