I. To charge with a load, to load, burden, weigh down, oppress (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).
A. Lit.: “praefectum castrorum sarcinis gravant,” Tac. A. 1, 20; cf.: “ferus Actora magno Ense gravat Capaneus,” Stat. Th. 10, 257: “non est ingenii cymba gravanda tui,” Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 22: “aegraque furtivum membra gravabat onus,” Ov. H. 11, 38: “gravantur arbores fetu,” Lucr. 1, 253; cf.: “sunt poma gravantia ramos,” Ov. M. 13, 812: “ne, si demissior ibis, Unda gravet pennas,” id. ib. 8, 205: “quia pondus illis abest, nec sese ipsi gravant,” Quint. 1, 12, 10: “stomacho inutilis, nervis inimicus, caput gravans,” Plin. 21, 19, 75, § 128: “minui quod gravet (corpus) quolibet modo utilius,” id. 11, 53, 119, § 284: “ne obsidio ipsa multitudine gravaretur,” Just. 14, 2, 3; 38, 10, 8; so in pass.: “alia die febre commotus est: tertia cum se gravari videret,” weighed down, oppressed, Capitol. Anton. 12; and esp. in perf. part.: “gravatus somno,” Plin. 10, 51, 70, § 136; 26, 1, 4, § 6; 33, 1, 6, § 27: “vino,” Curt. 6, 11, 28: “telis,” id. 8, 14, 38: “ebrietate,” id. 5, 7, 11: “cibo,” Liv. 1, 7, 5: “vino somnoque,” id. 25, 24, 6.—
B. Esp., to make pregnant: “uterum,” Stat. Th. 2, 614: “gravatam esse virginem,” Lact. 4, 12, 2; id. Epit. 44, 1; cf.: semper gravata lentiscus, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 9, 16; Paul. ex Fest. p. 95, 15. —
C. Trop.
1. To burden, oppress, incommode: “nil moror officium, quod me gravat,” Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 264: “septem milia hominum, quos et ipse gravari militia senserat,” Liv. 21, 23, 6: “sed magis hoc, quo (mala nostra) sunt cognitiora, gravant,” Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 28. —
2. To make more grievous, aggravate, increase: “tu fortunam parce gravare meam,” id. ib. 5, 11, 30: “quo gravaret invidiam matris,” Tac. A. 14, 12: “injusto faenore gravatum aes alienum,” Liv. 42, 5, 9.—
D. To lower in tone; hence, gram. t. t., to give the grave accent to a vowel (opp. acuo): “a littera gravatur,” Prisc. 539, 573 P.—
II. Transf., as v. dep.: grăvor , ātus (lit., to be burdened with any thing, to feel burdened; hence), to feel incommoded, vexed, wearied, or annoyed at any thing; to take amiss, to bear with reluctance, to regard as a burden, to do unwillingly (class.); in Cic. only absol. or with an object-clause, afterwards also constr. with acc.
(α).
Absol.: “non gravabor,” Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 49: quid gravare? id. Stich. 3, 2, 22: “quamquam gravatus fuisti, non nocuit tamen,” id. ib. 5, 4, 40: “ne gravare,” Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 19: “primo gravari coepit, quod invidiam atque offensionem timere dicebat,” Cic. Clu. 25, 69: “ego vero non gravarer si, etc.,” id. Lael. 5, 17: “nec gravatus senex dicitur locutus esse, etc.,” Liv. 9, 3, 9: “ille non gravatus, Primum, inquit, etc.,” Varr. R. R. 1, 3: “spem ac metum juxta gravatus Vitellius ictum venis intulit,” Tac. A. 6, 3: “benignus erga me ut siet: ne gravetur,” Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 15.—
(β).
With an object-clause: “rogo, ut ne graveris exaedificare id opus, quod instituisti,” Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 164; 1, 23, 107; id. Fam. 7, 14, 1: “ne graventur, sua quoque ad eum postulata deferre,” Caes. B. C. 1, 9: “quod illi quoque gravati prius essent ad populandam Macedoniam exire,” Liv. 31, 46, 4: “tibi non gravabor reddere dilatae pugnae rationem,” id. 34, 38, 3; Curt. 9, 1, 8; 6, 8, 12; Suet. Aug. 34 al.—
(γ).
With acc.: “Pegasus terrenum equitem gravatus Bellerophontem,” disdaining to bear, throwing off, Hor. C. 4, 11, 27: “at illum acerbum et sanguinarium necesse est graventur stipatores sui,” be weary of supporting, Sen. Clem. 1, 12 fin.: “matrem,” Suet. Ner. 34: “ampla et operosa praetoria,” id. Aug. 72: “aspectum civium,” Tac. A. 3, 59 fin.: “spem ac metum juxta gravatus,” id. ib. 5, 8; Quint. 1, 1, 11.— Hence, adv. in two forms:
A. grăvātē (acc. to II.), with difficulty or reluctance, unwillingly, grudgingly: “non gravate respondere,” Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 208; “opp. gratuito,” id. Off. 2, 19, 66; “opp. benigne,” id. Balb. 16, 36: “Canius contendit a Pythio ut venderet: gravate ille primo,” id. Off. 3, 14, 59: “qui cum haud gravate venissent,” Liv. 3, 4, 6 Weissenb. (al. gravati): “concedere,” id. 42, 43, 2.—Comp.: “manus et plantas ad saviandum gravatius porrigere,” Front. ad M. Caes. 4, 12 fin.—
