I.not foreseen, unforeseen, unexpected (class.): “sapienti nihil improvisum accidere potest, nihil inopinatum, nihil omnino novum,” Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 37; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69; id. de Or. 1, 22, 103: “unde iste amor tam improvisus ac tam repentinus?” id. Agr. 2, 22, 60: “cum tot bella subito atque improvisa nascantur,” id. Font. 15, 32: “mala,” id. Tusc. 3, 14, 30: “improvisior pestis,” Tac. A. 2, 47: “castella munita improviso adventu capta,” Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3: “pericula,” id. Mur. 27, 55: “vis leti,” Hor. C. 2, 13, 19: “species,” id. Ep. 1, 6, 11: “pelagoque remenso Improvisi aderunt,” Verg. A. 2, 182: “cunctisque repente Improvisus ait,” id. ib. 1, 595. —
II. As subst.: imprōvīsum , i, n., that which is unforeseen, an emergency: “dux sibi delectos retinuerat ad improvisa,” Tac. H. 5, 16.—Mostly in abl., with de, adverbially, unexpectedly, suddenly: “quasi de improviso respice ad eum,” Ter. And. 2, 5, 6; cf. Trabea ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151; cf. also Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3: “de improviso,” Ter. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; 4, 4, 1; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 44; Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 1; 5, 22, 1; 5, 39, 1; 6, 3, 1 et saep. — Less freq. with ex: “ex improviso filiam inveni meam,” Plaut. Rud. 4, 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 112.— Hence, adv., in two forms, imprōvīso (class. ) and imprōvīsē (post-class.), on a sudden, unexpectedly: “improviso filiam inveni (for which, shortly before: ex improviso filiam inveni),” Plaut. Rud. 4, 5, 6: “sane homini praeter opinionem improviso incidi,” Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182: “improviso eos in castra irrupisse,” id. Div. 1, 24, 50: “tantum adest boni improviso,” Plaut. As. 2, 2, 44: “cum mihi nihil improviso evenisset,” Cic. Rep. 1, 4; id. Att. 15, 1, A, 1: “scalae improviso, subitusque apparuit ignis,” Verg. A. 12, 576; 8, 524: improvise necans incautos morte suprema, Tert. poët. adv. Marc. 2, 12.